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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Jór Send 4I

Judith Jesch (ed.) 2012, ‘Jórunn skáldmær, Sendibítr 4’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 148.

Jórunn skáldmærSendibítr
345

Hvar ‘Where do’

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hvar (adv.): where

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vita ‘’

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1. vita (verb): know

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vitu ‘know of’

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1. vita (verb): know

[1] vitu: vita 75c

notes

[1] vitu (3rd pers. pl. pres. indic.) ‘know of’: The ms. form vita may well be a later, analogical form (ANG §532.4), in which case vitu is a normalisation rather than emendation.

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einka ‘especially’

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1. einka (adv.): only

notes

[1] einka ‘especially’: eink (f.), usually in the gen. sg. form einkar, is mostly found in poetry of the C12th or later, and this may be a further indication of the late date of this poem, though here it is gen. pl.

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ǫrvir ‘brave’

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ǫrr (adj.): generous, brave

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ǫr ‘of arrow’

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ǫr (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; ǫrvar/ǫrar): arrow < ǫrveðr (noun n.): [arrow-storm]

kennings

ǫrveðrs
‘of arrow-storm, ’
   = BATTLE

arrow-storm, → BATTLE
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veðrs ‘storm’

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2. veðr (noun n.; °-s; -): weather, wind, storm < ǫrveðr (noun n.): [arrow-storm]

kennings

ǫrveðrs
‘of arrow-storm, ’
   = BATTLE

arrow-storm, → BATTLE
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ger(van) ‘’

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frama ‘fame’

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frami (noun m.): success

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gǫrvan ‘granted’

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1. gera (verb): do, make

[2] gǫrvan: ‘ger(van)’(?) 75c

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tingl ‘of the prow-board’

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tingl (noun n.): prow-board < tinglrýrandi (noun m.)

kennings

tungla tinglrýrǫndum,
‘prow-board-destroyers of moons’
   = WARRIORS

moons of the prow-board → SHIELDS
to destroyers of SHIELDS → WARRIORS

notes

[3] tingl- ‘the prow-board’: An uncommon word which may echo Guthormr sindri (see Introduction). On its meaning, see Note to Þhorn Harkv 7/8.

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tingl ‘of the prow-board’

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tingl (noun n.): prow-board < tinglrýrandi (noun m.)

kennings

tungla tinglrýrǫndum,
‘prow-board-destroyers of moons’
   = WARRIORS

moons of the prow-board → SHIELDS
to destroyers of SHIELDS → WARRIORS

notes

[3] tingl- ‘the prow-board’: An uncommon word which may echo Guthormr sindri (see Introduction). On its meaning, see Note to Þhorn Harkv 7/8.

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rýrǫndum ‘to destroyers’

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rýrandi (noun m.): destroyer, diminisher < tinglrýrandi (noun m.)

kennings

tungla tinglrýrǫndum,
‘prow-board-destroyers of moons’
   = WARRIORS

moons of the prow-board → SHIELDS
to destroyers of SHIELDS → WARRIORS
Close

tungla ‘of moons’

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tungl (noun n.; °-s; -): moon, heavenly body

kennings

tungla tinglrýrǫndum,
‘prow-board-destroyers of moons’
   = WARRIORS

moons of the prow-board → SHIELDS
to destroyers of SHIELDS → WARRIORS
Close

tungla ‘of moons’

(not checked:)
tungl (noun n.; °-s; -): moon, heavenly body

kennings

tungla tinglrýrǫndum,
‘prow-board-destroyers of moons’
   = WARRIORS

moons of the prow-board → SHIELDS
to destroyers of SHIELDS → WARRIORS
Close

tveir ‘two’

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tveir (num. cardinal): two

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jǫfrar ‘princes’

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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

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veg ‘honour’

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2. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -): honour

notes

[4] meira veg ‘greater honour’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; LP: vegmikill) takes vegmeira as a cpd adj., comp. of a hap. leg. vegmikill ‘possessing great honour’, and takes this as qualifying frama ‘fame’.

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meira ‘greater’

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meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most

notes

[4] meira veg ‘greater honour’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; LP: vegmikill) takes vegmeira as a cpd adj., comp. of a hap. leg. vegmikill ‘possessing great honour’, and takes this as qualifying frama ‘fame’.

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an ‘than’

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2. an (conj.): than

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gerð(u) ‘’

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landr(ekar) ‘’

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gerðu ‘granted’

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1. gera (verb): do, make

[5] gerðu: ‘gerd(u)’(?) 75c

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golls ‘of gold’

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gull (noun n.): gold

kennings

þollum golls
‘to firs of gold ’
   = MEN

to firs of gold → MEN
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land ‘land’

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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < landreki (noun m.): land-ruler

[6] landrekar: ‘landr(ekar)’(?) 75c

notes

[6] landrekar ‘land-rulers’: On the ‘borderline kenning’ landreki ‘land-ruler’, see Note to ÞjóðA Magnfl 17/8II.

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rekar ‘rulers’

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reki (noun m.; °-a; -ar): ruler < landreki (noun m.): land-ruler

[6] landrekar: ‘landr(ekar)’(?) 75c

notes

[6] landrekar ‘land-rulers’: On the ‘borderline kenning’ landreki ‘land-ruler’, see Note to ÞjóðA Magnfl 17/8II.

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þollum ‘to firs’

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þollr (noun m.): fir-tree

kennings

þollum golls
‘to firs of gold ’
   = MEN

to firs of gold → MEN

notes

[6] landrekar ‘land-rulers’: On the ‘borderline kenning’ landreki ‘land-ruler’, see Note to ÞjóðA Magnfl 17/8II.

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upp ‘’

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upp (adv.): up

notes

[7] of hófsk upp ‘was lifted’: Hefjask upp normally means ‘begin’, but the context seems to demand the opposite meaning, ‘cease’; here it is taken as a m. v. form of hefja upp ‘lift’, with that meaning. Of is the expletive particle.

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angr ‘The trouble’

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1. angr (noun m.; °angrs, dat. angri/angr): grief

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óblindr ‘’

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óblindr (adj.): [clear-sighted]

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of ‘was’

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4. of (particle): (before verb)

notes

[7] of hófsk upp ‘was lifted’: Hefjask upp normally means ‘begin’, but the context seems to demand the opposite meaning, ‘cease’; here it is taken as a m. v. form of hefja upp ‘lift’, with that meaning. Of is the expletive particle.

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hófsk ‘lifted’

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hefja (verb): lift, start

notes

[7] of hófsk upp ‘was lifted’: Hefjask upp normally means ‘begin’, but the context seems to demand the opposite meaning, ‘cease’; here it is taken as a m. v. form of hefja upp ‘lift’, with that meaning. Of is the expletive particle.

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yngva ‘princes’

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Yngvi (noun m.): Yngvi, prince

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óblinds ‘clear-sighted’

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óblindr (adj.): [clear-sighted]

[8] óblinds: óblindr 75c

notes

[8] óblinds ‘clear-sighted’: Lit. ‘un-blind’. The minor emendation of nom. sg. -blindr to gen. sg. -blinds is unavoidable. 

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fyr ‘because’

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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.

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Sindra ‘Sindri (‘Spark’ (?))’

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sindri (noun m.): spark(?)

notes

[8] Sindra ‘Sindri (“Spark” (?))’: The poet Guthormr sindri (Gsind): see Biographies of Guthormr and Jórunn, and Introduction to Send.

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Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

As for sts 2 and 3.

Though somewhat unclear in the ms., the readings (normalised) gǫrvan ‘granted’ (l. 2), gerðu ‘granted’ (l. 5) and landrekar ‘land-rulers’ (l. 6) are also printed in Skj A and ÓH 1941, and give good sense in context. — The stanza (which is complemented by st. 5) seems to refer to the general benefit that resulted when the landrekar ‘land-rulers’, Haraldr and Hálfdan, agreed to make peace as a reward for Guthormr’s poetry. — [7]: The line is unusual in having three (vocalic) alliterating staves.

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