Hókr Eirfl 7I
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2012, ‘Halldórr ókristni, Eiríksflokkr 7’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 482.
Drógusk ‘came’
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2. draga (verb; °dregr; dró, drógu; dreginn/droget(Hirð NKS 1642 4° 146v²⁹; cf. [$962$])): drag, pull, draw
[1] Drógusk: drógu 61
vitr ‘’
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vitr (adj.): wise
notes
[1] vítt ‘from afar’: This adv. usually means ‘far and wide, widely’ (see LP: víðr), but the prose implies that Sigvaldi and his troops waited together for the battle to end. Vítt in the sense ‘from afar’ could have been used ironically here.
at ‘to’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
notes
[1] at vígi ‘to the fight’: The Kˣ, F variant at vági ‘to the bay’ is also possible, but it is the minority reading and could have been prompted by the fact that, according to some traditions, Svǫlðr was a bay and not an island (see Note to st. 3/7 above).
vági ‘’
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vágr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): sea, wave
vígi ‘the fight’
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víg (noun n.; °-s; -): battle
[1] vígi: so J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, 53, 54, 325VIII 2 g, Bb, Flat, vági Kˣ, F
notes
[1] at vígi ‘to the fight’: The Kˣ, F variant at vági ‘to the bay’ is also possible, but it is the minority reading and could have been prompted by the fact that, according to some traditions, Svǫlðr was a bay and not an island (see Note to st. 3/7 above).
Vinða ‘of Wends’
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Vinðr (noun m.; °; vinðr/-ir): the Wends
skeiðr ‘The warships’
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1. skeið (noun f.; °-ar; -r/-ar/-ir): ship
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
ginðu ‘yawned’
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1. gína (verb): gape
notes
[2] ginðu ‘yawned’: This is the 3rd pers. pret. pl. indic. of a weak verb *gina ‘yawn’ (cf. OHG ginēn ‘yawn’; see ANG §482 Anm. 2). Cf. Arn Þorfdr 13/7II.
Þriðja ‘of Þriði’
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Þriði (noun m.): Þriði
kennings
þunn gǫlkn hauðrs Þriðja‘slender monsters of the land of Þriði ’
= AXES
the land of Þriði → SHIELD
slender monsters of the SHIELD → AXES
notes
[3, 4] gǫlkn hauðrs Þriðja ‘monsters of the land of Þriði <= Óðinn> [SHIELD > AXES]’: Þriði is a name for Óðinn (see Note to Þul Óðins 5/3III). The kenning for ‘axe’ (‘monster of the shield’) is modelled on the pattern ‘troll-woman of the shield’, but it is untraditional (see Meissner 148).
Þriðja ‘of Þriði’
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Þriði (noun m.): Þriði
kennings
þunn gǫlkn hauðrs Þriðja‘slender monsters of the land of Þriði ’
= AXES
the land of Þriði → SHIELD
slender monsters of the SHIELD → AXES
notes
[3, 4] gǫlkn hauðrs Þriðja ‘monsters of the land of Þriði <= Óðinn> [SHIELD > AXES]’: Þriði is a name for Óðinn (see Note to Þul Óðins 5/3III). The kenning for ‘axe’ (‘monster of the shield’) is modelled on the pattern ‘troll-woman of the shield’, but it is untraditional (see Meissner 148).
auðs ‘’
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1. auðr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-): wealth
kennings
þunn gǫlkn hauðrs Þriðja‘slender monsters of the land of Þriði ’
= AXES
the land of Þriði → SHIELD
slender monsters of the SHIELD → AXES
notes
[3, 4] gǫlkn hauðrs Þriðja ‘monsters of the land of Þriði <= Óðinn> [SHIELD > AXES]’: Þriði is a name for Óðinn (see Note to Þul Óðins 5/3III). The kenning for ‘axe’ (‘monster of the shield’) is modelled on the pattern ‘troll-woman of the shield’, but it is untraditional (see Meissner 148).
kennings
þunn gǫlkn hauðrs Þriðja‘slender monsters of the land of Þriði ’
= AXES
the land of Þriði → SHIELD
slender monsters of the SHIELD → AXES
notes
[3, 4] gǫlkn hauðrs Þriðja ‘monsters of the land of Þriði <= Óðinn> [SHIELD > AXES]’: Þriði is a name for Óðinn (see Note to Þul Óðins 5/3III). The kenning for ‘axe’ (‘monster of the shield’) is modelled on the pattern ‘troll-woman of the shield’, but it is untraditional (see Meissner 148).
á ‘at’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
þjóði ‘’
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
þun ‘’
kennings
þunn gǫlkn hauðrs Þriðja‘slender monsters of the land of Þriði ’
= AXES
the land of Þriði → SHIELD
slender monsters of the SHIELD → AXES
galk ‘’
galku ‘’
ok ‘’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
gálkn ‘’
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galkn (noun n.): [monsters]
gǫlkn ‘monsters’
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galkn (noun n.): [monsters]
[4] ‑gǫlkn: gálkn ok F, ‘galkv’ 325VIII 2 g, ‘galk’ Bb
kennings
þunn gǫlkn hauðrs Þriðja‘slender monsters of the land of Þriði ’
= AXES
the land of Þriði → SHIELD
slender monsters of the SHIELD → AXES
notes
[3, 4] gǫlkn hauðrs Þriðja ‘monsters of the land of Þriði <= Óðinn> [SHIELD > AXES]’: Þriði is a name for Óðinn (see Note to Þul Óðins 5/3III). The kenning for ‘axe’ (‘monster of the shield’) is modelled on the pattern ‘troll-woman of the shield’, but it is untraditional (see Meissner 148).
varit ‘’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
vafit ‘’
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2. vefja (verb): wrap
jarn ‘’
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járn (noun n.; °-s; -): iron, weapon
í ‘’
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í (prep.): in, into
aiarn ‘’
varin ‘’
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3. verja (verb): defend
jarn ‘’
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járn (noun n.; °-s; -): iron, weapon < járnmunnr (noun m.): [by iron mouths]
ok ‘’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
éarn ‘with iron’
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járn (noun n.; °-s; -): iron, weapon < járnmunnr (noun m.): [by iron mouths]
[4] éarn‑: ‘aiarn‑’ Kˣ, ok jarn‑ F, í jarn‑ J1ˣ, J2ˣ, vafit 61, varit 53, 54, 325VIII 2 g, Bb, varin Flat
notes
[4] éarnmunnum ‘with iron-mouths’: This refers to axe-blades. The metre requires the older, disyllabic form of the word jarn ‘iron’ (see ANG §133b2; cf. also FGT 1972b, 20-1, Ótt Hfl 8/8 and Note). The cpd occurs in Hfr ErfÓl 6/6 as well. The scribes of the Hkr mss used the later form (jarn-) and added an extra syllable (á ‘on’ Kˣ, ok ‘and’ F, í ‘in’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ) for metrical reasons, but the resulting phrases cannot be accommodated syntactically. That is also the case with the ÓT variants vafit/varit munnum ‘wrapped with mouths’ (61, 53, 54, 325VIII 2 g).
mǫnnum ‘’
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maðr (noun m.): man, personmaðr (noun m.): man, person
munnum ‘mouths’
[4] ‑munnum: ‑mǫnnum Bb, Flat
notes
[4] éarnmunnum ‘with iron-mouths’: This refers to axe-blades. The metre requires the older, disyllabic form of the word jarn ‘iron’ (see ANG §133b2; cf. also FGT 1972b, 20-1, Ótt Hfl 8/8 and Note). The cpd occurs in Hfr ErfÓl 6/6 as well. The scribes of the Hkr mss used the later form (jarn-) and added an extra syllable (á ‘on’ Kˣ, ok ‘and’ F, í ‘in’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ) for metrical reasons, but the resulting phrases cannot be accommodated syntactically. That is also the case with the ÓT variants vafit/varit munnum ‘wrapped with mouths’ (61, 53, 54, 325VIII 2 g).
Gnýr ‘a din’
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gnýr (noun m.): din, tumult
kennings
Gnýr sverða‘a din of swords ’
= BATTLE
a din of swords → BATTLE
notes
[5] gnýr sverða ‘a din of swords [BATTLE]’: Given the emphasis on the sound of weapons in the poem, this phrase could also be taken literally here.
var ‘’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
á ‘at’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
sæ ‘sea’
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sjór (noun m.): sea
sverða ‘of swords’
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sverð (noun n.; °-s; -): sword
kennings
Gnýr sverða‘a din of swords ’
= BATTLE
a din of swords → BATTLE
notes
[5] gnýr sverða ‘a din of swords [BATTLE]’: Given the emphasis on the sound of weapons in the poem, this phrase could also be taken literally here.
sleit ‘tore’
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slíta (verb): to tear
ǫrn ‘an eagle’
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1. ǫrn (noun m.; °arnar, dat. erni; ernir, acc. ǫrnu): eagle
geira ‘’
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geirr (noun m.): spear
kennings
beitu Gera;‘the food of Geri; ’
= CORPSES
the food of Geri; → CORPSES
beitꜹ ‘’
kennings
beitu Gera;‘the food of Geri; ’
= CORPSES
the food of Geri; → CORPSES
dýrr ‘the worthy’
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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious
kennings
dýrr stjóri drengja‘the worthy leader of warriors ’
= RULER = Eiríkr
the worthy leader of warriors → RULER = Eiríkr
vá ‘fought’
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1. vega (verb): strike, slay
drengja ‘of warriors’
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drengr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja): man, warrior
kennings
dýrr stjóri drengja‘the worthy leader of warriors ’
= RULER = Eiríkr
the worthy leader of warriors → RULER = Eiríkr
stjórri ‘’
kennings
dýrr stjóri drengja‘the worthy leader of warriors ’
= RULER = Eiríkr
the worthy leader of warriors → RULER = Eiríkr
drótt ‘a company’
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1. drótt (noun f.): troop
kom ‘took’
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
mǫrg ‘many’
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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many
á ‘to’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
flótta ‘flight’
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flótti (noun m.): flight, fleeing
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Drógusk vítt at vígi |
The warships of Wends came from afar to the fight, and slender monsters of the land of Þriði <= Óðinn> [SHIELD > AXES] yawned with iron-mouths at people. There was a din of swords [BATTLE] at sea; an eagle tore the food of Geri <wolf> [CORPSES]; the worthy leader of warriors [RULER = Eiríkr] fought; many a company took to flight.
During the battle, the ships with Sigvaldi jarl and his Wendish troops wait at a distance and do not engage in the fighting. When Óláfr Tryggvason jumps overboard from Ormr inn langi, there is a shout of victory from the enemy army, and at that Sigvaldi and his men row towards the battle.
Ms. 61 attributes this stanza to Hallfreðr, and 54, 325VIII 2 g and Bb give Hallar-Steinn as the poet. — [5-8]: This helmingr is composed in the dróttkvætt variant áttmælt ‘eight-times spoken’ (SnSt Ht 10III), in which each line forms an independent clause. — [6]: The identical line is found in ESk Frag 8/2III. Geri was one of Óðinn’s wolves (see Note to ÞKolb Eirdr 17/2, 3). The variant geira ‘of spears’ (54, 325VIII 2 g, Bb) is unmetrical since the metre requires a short first syllable. — [7]: This line recalls Hfr ErfÓl 23/3 dýrr hné dróttar stjóri. — [8]: Cf. Hfr ErfÓl 1/2 mǫrg kom drótt á flótta.
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