Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson, Gamanvísur 2

Kari Ellen Gade

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Hharð Gamv 2^II

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson, Gamanvísur 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 36-7.

Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson Gamanvísur

1 2 3

Sneið ‘sliced’

(not checked:)
1. sníða (verb): [sliced, he cut]

[1] Sneið: Sveið Hr

fyr ‘before’

(not checked:)
fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.

Sikil ‘Sicil’

(not checked:)
(non-lexical) < Sikiley (noun f.): [Sicily]

notes

[1] Sikiley ‘Sicily’: The p. n. forces resolution on the first syllable of a cpd in the second lift. This is a poetic licence that originated with and became popular with King Haraldr and his poets (see Kuhn 1983, 68).

ey ‘y’

(not checked:)
(non-lexical) < Sikiley (noun f.): [Sicily]

[1] ‑ey: om. H

notes

víða ‘broad’

(not checked:)
víðr (adj.): far

notes

[1] víða ‘broad’: Taken here as an adj. (f. acc. sg.) qualifying Sikiley (‘broad Sicily’), but it could also be the adv. víða ‘far and wide’. Kock emends to víði ‘ocean’ (m. acc. sg.), which he regards as an object of the verb sneið ‘sliced’ (see NN §2266), which is usually transitive. That emendation is unnecessary if we assume a suppressed object (‘the sea’).

súð ‘The ship’

(not checked:)
súð (noun f.; °-ar; gen. -a): planking, ship

[2] súð: ‘suder’ 2368ˣ

notes

[2] súð ‘ship’: Lit. referring to the overlapping boards in the ship-side (from sýja ‘sew’). Here used pars pro toto for ‘ship’ (see Falk 1912, 49; Jesch 2001a, 139).

[3] brýnt: so Kˣ, 39, F, E, J2ˣ, R, Tˣ, W, A, 2368ˣ, 743ˣ, brúnn Mork, H, brún Hr, brýn FskBˣ, FskAˣ, brúnt U

skreið ‘glided’

(not checked:)
skríða (verb): creep, glide

vel ‘entirely’

(not checked:)
vel (adv.): well, very

[3] vel: vænn F

notes

[3] vel til vánar ‘entirely as expected’: Skj B connects this phrase with the first cl. (‘we were proud then’), which creates an awkward w. o. (see NN §2023).

til ‘as’

(not checked:)
til (prep.): to

notes

[3] vel til vánar ‘entirely as expected’: Skj B connects this phrase with the first cl. (‘we were proud then’), which creates an awkward w. o. (see NN §2023).

vánar ‘expected’

(not checked:)
ván (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): hope, expectation

[3] vánar: varnar R

notes

[3] vel til vánar ‘entirely as expected’: Skj B connects this phrase with the first cl. (‘we were proud then’), which creates an awkward w. o. (see NN §2023).

vengis ‘of the cabin’

(not checked:)
vengi (noun n.): land, field

kennings

hjǫrtr vengis
‘the stag of the cabin ’
= SHIP
the stag of the cabin → SHIP

notes

[4] vengis (n. gen. sg.) ‘of the cabin’: According to Falk, this was most likely a cabin in the stern of a ship (cf. ModNorw. dialects væng ‘ship-cabin’; see Falk 1912, 10; LP: vengi 3; Fritzner: vængr). Alternatively, Haraldr, who had served in the Byzantine army, could refer to structures aboard Byzantine ships, either castles or the berth for commanders in the stern, surrounded by a round tent (see Pryor and Jeffreys 2006, 227-38, 448). Otherwise, the word is attested poetically in the meaning ‘pillow’ (LP: vengi 1) or ‘plain, field’ (LP: vengi 2). Jesch (2001a, 153-4) suggests that vengis ‘of the plain’ is a half-kenning for ‘sea’ (hjǫrtr vengis ‘the stag of the sea’, i.e. ‘ship’).

hjǫrtr ‘the stag’

(not checked:)
hjǫrtr (noun m.; °hjartar, dat. hirti (hjǫrt Æv¹ 58²²n.); hirtir, acc. hjǫrtu, (gen. hirta GlossPsalt 9¹²)): hart

kennings

hjǫrtr vengis
‘the stag of the cabin ’
= SHIP
the stag of the cabin → SHIP

und ‘beneath’

(not checked:)
3. und (prep.): under, underneath

[4] und: undir FskBˣ, um R

drengjum ‘the men’

(not checked:)
drengr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja): man, warrior

[4] drengjum: strengjum Hr, ‘dreingum’ 743ˣ

Vætti ‘I’

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vætta (verb): expect

[5] Vættik (‘vętti ec’): veitti ek FskAˣ

k ‘ think’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

[5] Vættik (‘vętti ec’): veitti ek FskAˣ

miðr ‘hardly’

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miðr (adj.): middle, less, hardly

[5] miðr: minnr Hr, Kˣ, J2ˣ

at ‘that’

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4. at (conj.): that

[5] at: á FskBˣ

motti ‘a sluggard’

(not checked:)
2. motti (noun m.): sluggard

[5] motti: ‘mote’ FskAˣ, ‘moti’ J2ˣ

myni ‘will’

(not checked:)
munu (verb): will, must

[6] myni: muni H, Hr, FskAˣ, 39, F, E, mani Kˣ, J2ˣ

enn ‘ever’

(not checked:)
2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again

þinig ‘there’

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þannig (adv.): thus, there, that way

[6] þinig: þannig H, þinnig Hr, FskBˣ, Kˣ, þinnug FskAˣ

nenna ‘head’

(not checked:)
nenna (verb): strive, be inclined

[6] nenna: renna H, Hr, FskAˣ

þó ‘yet’

(not checked:)
þó (adv.): though

lætr ‘’

(not checked:)
láta (verb): let, have sth done

Gerðr ‘the Gerðr’

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Gerðr (noun f.): Gerðr

kennings

Gerðr gollhrings
‘the Gerðr of the gold ring ’
= WOMAN
the Gerðr of the gold ring → WOMAN

í ‘in’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

Gǫrðum ‘Russia’

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Garðar (noun m.): Russia

gollhrings ‘of the gold ring’

(not checked:)
gullhringr (noun m.): gold ring

kennings

Gerðr gollhrings
‘the Gerðr of the gold ring ’
= WOMAN
the Gerðr of the gold ring → WOMAN

við ‘’

(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against

mér ‘me’

(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

skolla ‘ridicules’

(not checked:)
skolla (verb): ridicule, rock

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verse
prose

In SnE and LaufE the first helmingr illustrates one of a range of kennings for ‘ship’ (vengis hjǫrtr ‘stag of the cabin’).

For Haraldr’s campaigns in and around Sicily, see also ÞjóðA Sex 2, Bǫlv Hardr 4 and Valg Har 1. He participated in an expedition sent by the Byzantine emperor 1038-40 to reconquer Sicily from the Saracens (see ÍF 28, 81-2 n. 1; Sigfús Blöndal 1978, 65-71). — [5-8]: Duplicated as st. 3/5-8 below.

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Hharð Gamv 2II

Sneið ‘sliced’

fyr ‘before’

Sikil ‘Sicil’

notes

ey ‘y’

notes

víða ‘broad’

notes

súð ‘The ship’

notes

vôrum ‘we were’

þá ‘then’

prúðir ‘proud’

brýnt ‘swiftly’

skreið ‘glided’

vel ‘entirely’

notes

til ‘as’

notes

vánar ‘expected’

notes

vengis ‘of the cabin’

kennings

notes

hjǫrtr ‘the stag’

kennings

und ‘beneath’

drengjum ‘the men’

Vætti ‘I’

k ‘ think’

miðr ‘hardly’

at ‘that’

motti ‘a sluggard’

myni ‘will’

enn ‘ever’

þinig ‘there’

nenna ‘head’

þó ‘yet’

lætr ‘’

Gerðr ‘the Gerðr’

kennings

í ‘in’

Gǫrðum ‘Russia’

gollhrings ‘of the gold ring’

kennings

við ‘’

mér ‘me’

skolla ‘ridicules’

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Hharð Gamv 2^II