Hharð Lv 11II
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson, Lausavísur 11’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 52-3.
Hlautk ‘I got’
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hljóta (verb): alot, gain
hrauðung ‘the empty fleet’
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hrauðung (noun f.): [empty fleet]
notes
[1] hrauðung ‘empty fleet’: The translation is conjectural. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) translates af hrauðung as skyndsomt ‘in haste’ or (LP: hrauðung) as skynding ‘haste’. Kock connects the word with OE hrēodan ‘adorn, cover’ and translates it as ‘boat house’ (NN §847B). Hrauðung must be derived from hrjóða (strong verb class 2) whose most common meaning is ‘empty, clear out’. LP: hrauðung adds: ordet betyder vel egl. ‘rydning’ ‘the literal meaning of the word is most likely “clearing”’. The phrase hrjóða skip ‘clear a ship by killing or driving away the crew’ is especially common in both prose and poetry (see Fritzner: hrjóða 1; LP: hrjóða 1). Because three of the six sts recited in this episode describe Haraldr’s recent campaigns in Denmark in the first helmingar, it is reasonable to assume that this half-st. also refers to his naval battles against the Danes (see, e.g., ÞjóðA Sex 17; see also Jesch 2001a, 211 and n. 33). Hrauðungr is otherwise recorded as the name of a sea-king, a giant, and a legendary person (LP: Hrauðungr), and hrauð is a heiti for a coat of mail and a ship (SnE 1998, I, 123, 128, II, 317).
skjóta ‘to push’
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skjóta (verb): shoot
hlýri ‘the prow’
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2. hlýr (noun n.; °-s; -): cheek, bow
notes
[2] hlýri ‘prow’: Lit. ‘the curve of a ship-side towards the prow’ (see Falk 1912, 52; Jesch 2001a, 147).
mær ‘lady’
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mær (noun f.; °meyjar, dat. meyju; meyjar): maiden
notes
[2] in skýra mær ‘bright lady’: No woman is present in the episode, and it is unclear whom Haraldr is addressing. For skaldic apostrophes to fictitious women, see also Úlfr Lv and Note to Hharð Gamv 3/1. Kock (NN §2026) emends mær to meir ‘more’ as an intensifier to framm ‘forth, forwards’ (l. 4) and takes in skýra ‘bright, clear’ as a qualifier to súð ‘ship-side’ (l. 3). Skj B treats both mær (taken as the adj. ‘splendid’) and in skýra as adjectives qualifying súð: in skýra, mær súð ‘the shining, splendid ship’ (det blanke, herlige skib).
in ‘’
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2. inn (art.): the
notes
[2] in skýra mær ‘bright lady’: No woman is present in the episode, and it is unclear whom Haraldr is addressing. For skaldic apostrophes to fictitious women, see also Úlfr Lv and Note to Hharð Gamv 3/1. Kock (NN §2026) emends mær to meir ‘more’ as an intensifier to framm ‘forth, forwards’ (l. 4) and takes in skýra ‘bright, clear’ as a qualifier to súð ‘ship-side’ (l. 3). Skj B treats both mær (taken as the adj. ‘splendid’) and in skýra as adjectives qualifying súð: in skýra, mær súð ‘the shining, splendid ship’ (det blanke, herlige skib).
skýra ‘bright’
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skýrr (adj.): clear
notes
[2] in skýra mær ‘bright lady’: No woman is present in the episode, and it is unclear whom Haraldr is addressing. For skaldic apostrophes to fictitious women, see also Úlfr Lv and Note to Hharð Gamv 3/1. Kock (NN §2026) emends mær to meir ‘more’ as an intensifier to framm ‘forth, forwards’ (l. 4) and takes in skýra ‘bright, clear’ as a qualifier to súð ‘ship-side’ (l. 3). Skj B treats both mær (taken as the adj. ‘splendid’) and in skýra as adjectives qualifying súð: in skýra, mær súð ‘the shining, splendid ship’ (det blanke, herlige skib).
notes
[3] súð ‘ship’: Lit. ‘ship-side’: Used here as pars pro toto for ‘ship’. See Note to Hharð Gamv 2/2.
gekk ‘went’
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
feld ‘the jointed’
á ‘on’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
flœði ‘the ocean’
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flœðr (noun f.): high tide; ocean
framm ‘forth’
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fram (adv.): out, forth, forwards, away
vas ‘was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[4] vas þat (‘var þat’): en þat var Hr
þat ‘that’
[4] vas þat (‘var þat’): en þat var Hr
fyr ‘’
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
skǫmmu ‘recently’
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skǫmmu (adv.): recently
fyr ‘’
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
England ‘of England’
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England (noun n.): England
sunnan ‘south’
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sunnan (adv.): (from the) south
óð ‘advanced’
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vaða (verb): advance, wade
borð ‘the planking’
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borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table
[6] borð: hestr F
notes
[7, 8] ristin rǫng ‘carved frame’: Rǫng (pl. rengr) was a cross-piece that held together the bottom-boards in a ship (see Falk 1912, 46-7; Jesch 2001a, 151). See also Kali Lv 1/3.
rǫstum ‘the currents’
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2. rǫst (noun f.; °; gen. rasta): current
[7] í rǫstum: með rausnum Flat, í rostu F
rǫng ‘frame’
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rǫng (noun f.): frame, rib
notes
[7, 8] ristin rǫng ‘carved frame’: Rǫng (pl. rengr) was a cross-piece that held together the bottom-boards in a ship (see Falk 1912, 46-7; Jesch 2001a, 151). See also Kali Lv 1/3.
en ‘but’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
[8] en þat vas (‘en þat var’): var þat fyr Flat, en þat var fyr Hr
þat ‘that’
[8] en þat vas (‘en þat var’): var þat fyr Flat, en þat var fyr Hr
vas ‘was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[8] en þat vas (‘en þat var’): var þat fyr Flat, en þat var fyr Hr
lǫngu ‘long ago’
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langr (adj.; °compar. lengri, superl. lengstr): long
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
As Lv 10 above.
[5-8]: For this helmingr, see also Anon (HSig) 4/5-8.
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