Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson, Lausavísur 1

Kari Ellen Gade

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Hharð Lv 1^II

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson, Lausavísur 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 42-3.

Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson Lausavísur

1 2b

Þora ‘dare’

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þora (verb): dare

[1] Þora munk þann arm verja: ‘[…]’ 75e 4FJ

munk ‘I shall’

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munu (verb): will, must

[1] Þora munk þann arm verja: ‘[…]’ 75e 4FJ; munk (‘mvn ec’): man ek DG8, FskBˣ, FskAˣ, mun H

þann ‘that’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

[1] Þora munk þann arm verja: ‘[…]’ 75e 4FJ; þann arm: ‘tha orm’ 972ˣ(499vb)

arm ‘rank’

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1. armr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): arm

[1] Þora munk þann arm verja: ‘[…]’ 75e 4FJ; þann arm: ‘tha orm’ 972ˣ(499vb)

notes

[1] arm ‘rank’: Lit. ‘arm’. Denotes a row of soldiers standing side by side, as opposed to a file of soldiers. See also Hskv Hardr 1.

verja ‘to defend’

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3. verja (verb): defend

[1] Þora munk þann arm verja: ‘[…]’ 75e 4FJ; verja: ‘vera’ Tóm

þats ‘that seems’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

[2] þats ekkju munr nekkvat: ‘[…]’ 75e 4FJ; þats (‘þat er’): þat 972ˣ(499va), ‘tha er’ 972ˣ(499vb)

ekkju ‘of the widow’

(not checked:)
1. ekkja (noun f.; °-u; -ur, gen. ekkna): widow, woman

[2] þats ekkju munr nekkvat: ‘[…]’ 75e 4FJ; ekkju: ‘ækki’ FskAˣ

notes

[2] ekkju ‘of the widow’: The identity of the ‘widow’ (or ‘woman’) is obscure, but it could refer to Haraldr’s and Óláfr’s mother, Ásta (see also Notes to Hharð Gamv 5/1 and Hharð Lv 14/2, 3).

munr ‘the wish’

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munr (noun m.; °-ar/-s, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -i): mind, pleasure

[2] þats ekkju munr nekkvat: ‘[…]’ 75e 4FJ; munr: mun H

nekkvat ‘to be’

[2] þats ekkju munr nekkvat: ‘[…]’ 75e 4FJ; nekkvat: ‘neccved’ Holm2, nǫkkurr J2ˣ, 972ˣ(499va), 321ˣ, 73aˣ, 325V, 61, Flat, Tóm, Bb, DG8, H, Hr, ‘nekued’ 972ˣ(499vb), ‘nocqvot’ 68, ‘nocquat’ Holm4, ‘nakot’ 325VII, nǫkkut FskBˣ, FskAˣ

rjóðum ‘redden’

(not checked:)
rjóða (verb): to redden

[3] rjóðum vér af reiði: ‘[…]’ 75e 4FJ; rjóðum vér: rjóðim þessa vér 321ˣ

vér ‘us’

(not checked:)
vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

[3] rjóðum vér af reiði: ‘[…]’ 75e 4FJ; rjóðum vér: rjóðim þessa vér 321ˣ; vér: ‘vond’ 61

af ‘with’

(not checked:)
af (prep.): from

[3] rjóðum vér af reiði: ‘[…]’ 75e 4FJ; af: með 68

reiði ‘rage’

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2. reiði (noun f.; °-): anger

[3] rjóðum vér af reiði: ‘[…]’ 75e 4FJ

rǫnd ‘the shield-rim’

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rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim

es ‘which’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

[4] es (‘er’): ef 68, en DG8, FskBˣ

í ‘in’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

[4] í hlýtk (‘ec i hlýt’): ek hlýt í 972ˣ(499va), DG8, ‘ek i hlut’ 972ˣ(499vb), ek hlýt 68, 61, ‘ec lut’ FskAˣ, ek hlýt í at Hr

hlýtk ‘I am’

[4] í hlýtk (‘ec i hlýt’): ek hlýt í 972ˣ(499va), DG8, ‘ek i hlut’ 972ˣ(499vb), ek hlýt 68, 61, ‘ec lut’ FskAˣ, ek hlýt í at Hr

standa ‘placed’

(not checked:)
standa (verb): stand

Gengra ‘shall not take to his heels’

(not checked:)
2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go

[5] Gengra: gengrat Holm2, J2ˣ, 972ˣ(499va), 321ˣ, 73aˣ, 68, Holm4, 325VII, 325V, 61, Flat, Tóm, Bb, 75e 4FJ, H, Hr, ‘gemrat’ 972ˣ(499vb), ‘gengr æi’ DG8

greppr ‘poet’

(not checked:)
greppr (noun m.; °; -ar): poet, man

[5] greppr inn: ‘greppínn’ 61, ‘greppr en’ Bb, ‘grepp enn’ FskAˣ, ‘greppren’ Hr

notes

[5] greppr ‘poet’: This word can mean either ‘(brave) man’ or ‘poet’ (see Fritzner: greppr; LP: greppr). Because Haraldr was a poet, the latter meaning has been adopted here.

inn ‘The’

(not checked:)
2. inn (art.): the

[5] greppr inn: ‘greppínn’ 61, ‘greppr en’ Bb, ‘grepp enn’ FskAˣ, ‘greppren’ Hr

ungi ‘young’

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ungr (adj.): young

[5] ungi: ‘iunge’ Flat, unga FskAˣ

gunn ‘battle-’

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gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnblíðr (adj.): battle-joyful

blíðr ‘cheered’

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blíðr (adj.; °n. sg. nom. & acc. blítt/blíðt; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): gentle, happy < gunnblíðr (adj.): battle-joyful

[6] ‑blíðr: ‑blíðs 73aˣ

þars ‘where’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

slǫg ‘weapons’

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slag (noun n.; °-s; *-): weapon

[6] slǫg: ‘staug’ 972ˣ(499vb), þér 61

ríða ‘swing’

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1. ríða (verb): ride

[6] ríða: líða 321ˣ, svíða 68

herða ‘will intensify’

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2. herða (verb): strengthen

[7] herða menn at morði: ‘mitt rað er þat mæitit’ DG8; herða: ‘hardi’ 972ˣ(499vb), herðir by correction 325VII, ‘her þa’ Flat, herði Bb

menn ‘men’

(not checked:)
maðr (noun m.): man, person

[7] herða menn at morði: ‘mitt rað er þat mæitit’ DG8

at ‘in’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

[7] herða menn at morði: ‘mitt rað er þat mæitit’ DG8

notes

[7] at morði ‘in the battle’: Unlike in prose, where morð denotes ‘murder’ (see Fritzner: morð), the word is used in poetry for ‘battle, fighting, killing’ (LP: morð). Skj B connects the prepositional phrase with the previous cl. (‘where weapons swing in the battle’). That construction creates an awkward w. o. (see NN §806, and, following Kock, so also ÍF 28; ÍF 29).

morði ‘the battle’

(not checked:)
1. morð (noun n.; °-s; -): killing, battle

[7] herða menn at morði: ‘mitt rað er þat mæitit’ DG8

notes

mót ‘hostile encounters’

(not checked:)
1. mót (noun n.; °; -): meeting

[8] mót: mjór Bb, morð Hr

notes

[8] mót ‘hostile encounters’: For the meaning, see LP: mót A.

á ‘’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

[8] á: at 61, om. FskAˣ

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verse
prose

Before the battle of Stiklestad (29 July 1030), King Óláfr commands his half-brother, the fifteen-year-old Haraldr, not to engage in the fighting because of his youth. Haraldr responds with this st. In ÓHLeg, the st. is attributed to Þormóðr Kolbrúnarskáld (Þorm^I).

For this battle, see also Hharð Lv 2a-b, ÞjóðA Sex 1 and Bǫlv Hardr 1/1-4, as well as a great deal of poetry in SkP I.

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Hharð Lv 1II

Þora ‘dare’

munk ‘I shall’

þann ‘that’

arm ‘rank’

notes

verja ‘to defend’

þats ‘that seems’

ekkju ‘of the widow’

notes

munr ‘the wish’

nekkvat ‘to be’

rjóðum ‘redden’

vér ‘us’

af ‘with’

reiði ‘rage’

rǫnd ‘the shield-rim’

es ‘which’

í ‘in’

hlýtk ‘I am’

standa ‘placed’

Gengra ‘shall not take to his heels’

greppr ‘poet’

notes

inn ‘The’

ungi ‘young’

gunn ‘battle-’

blíðr ‘cheered’

þars ‘where’

slǫg ‘weapons’

ríða ‘swing’

herða ‘will intensify’

menn ‘men’

at ‘in’

notes

morði ‘the battle’

notes

mót ‘hostile encounters’

notes

á ‘’

hæl ‘’

fyr ‘before’

spjótum ‘spears’

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Hharð Lv 1^II