Hfr Óldr 3I
Diana Whaley (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson, Óláfsdrápa 3’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 394.
Tíð ‘often’
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1. tíð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time < tíðhǫggvinn (adj./verb p.p.)1. tíð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time1. tíð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time
notes
[1] lét tíðhǫggvit ‘had ... cut down often’: Vann ‘caused (to be cut down), succeeded in (cutting down)’ is an equally good reading to lét; cf. st. 4/1.
hǫggvik ‘’
hǫggut ‘’
hǫggvit ‘cut down’
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hǫggva (verb): to strike, put to death, cut, hew < tíðhǫggvinn (adj./verb p.p.)
[1] ‑hǫggvit: ‘hoggot’ 62, Flat, ‘hoggvic’ FskBˣ
notes
[1] lét tíðhǫggvit ‘had ... cut down often’: Vann ‘caused (to be cut down), succeeded in (cutting down)’ is an equally good reading to lét; cf. st. 4/1.
vann ‘’
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2. vinna (verb): perform, work
notes
[1] lét tíðhǫggvit ‘had ... cut down often’: Vann ‘caused (to be cut down), succeeded in (cutting down)’ is an equally good reading to lét; cf. st. 4/1.
tyggi ‘The ruler’
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tyggi (noun m.): prince, sovereign
tryggja ‘’
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tryggja (verb)
tryga ‘’
kennings
sonr Tryggva,‘Tryggvi’s son, ’
= Óláfr Tryggvason
Tryggvi’s son, → Óláfr Tryggvason
sonar ‘’
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sonr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. syni; synir, acc. sonu, syni): son
son ‘’
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sonr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. syni; synir, acc. sonu, syni): son
sonr ‘son’
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sonr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. syni; synir, acc. sonu, syni): son
[2] sonr: abbrev. as ‘s.’ 39, Bb, Flat, son F, J1ˣ, FskAˣ, sonar or sonr 310
kennings
sonr Tryggva,‘Tryggvi’s son, ’
= Óláfr Tryggvason
Tryggvi’s son, → Óláfr Tryggvason
við ‘’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
dyggjan ‘’
skryggjan ‘’
dyggvan ‘’
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dyggr (adj.; °dyggvan/dyggan; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri, superl. -vastr/-astr/-str): trustworthy
styggvan ‘the edgy’
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styggr (adj.): shy
[2] styggvan: dyggvan J1ˣ, 62, ‘dyggían’ 62, ‘skryggian’ Flat
kennings
styggvan, ljótvaxinn hest Leiknar.‘the edgy, ugly-grown horse of Leikn. ’
= WOLF
the edgy, ugly-grown horse of Leikn. → WOLF
Leiknar ‘of Leikn’
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Leikn (noun f.): [Leikn, of Leikn]
kennings
styggvan, ljótvaxinn hest Leiknar.‘the edgy, ugly-grown horse of Leikn. ’
= WOLF
the edgy, ugly-grown horse of Leikn. → WOLF
hest ‘horse’
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hestr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): horse, stallion
kennings
styggvan, ljótvaxinn hest Leiknar.‘the edgy, ugly-grown horse of Leikn. ’
= WOLF
the edgy, ugly-grown horse of Leikn. → WOLF
á ‘’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
notes
[3] á lesti ‘finally’: This sits somewhat oddly with tíð- ‘often’, l. 1, and it is not clear whether it refers to the closure of this particular episode, the victory over the Saxons, or to a wider chronology. A. Bugge (1910, 9-12, cited in ÍF 26, 264 n.) assumed the latter, arguing that Óláfr had proceeded from England to Saxony and Friesland in the summer of 994 and that the stanza should follow sts 5 and 6 (= 8 and 9 in previous eds).
lesti ‘finally’
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lesti (noun n.): end, the last
[3] lesti: so all others, ‘lęsti’ or ‘lesti’ Kˣ
notes
[3] á lesti ‘finally’: This sits somewhat oddly with tíð- ‘often’, l. 1, and it is not clear whether it refers to the closure of this particular episode, the victory over the Saxons, or to a wider chronology. A. Bugge (1910, 9-12, cited in ÍF 26, 264 n.) assumed the latter, arguing that Óláfr had proceeded from England to Saxony and Friesland in the summer of 994 and that the stanza should follow sts 5 and 6 (= 8 and 9 in previous eds).
ljót ‘ugly’
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ljótr (adj.): ugly < ljótvaxinn (adj./verb p.p.)ljótr (adj.): ugly < ljótvaxinn (adj./verb p.p.)
kennings
styggvan, ljótvaxinn hest Leiknar.‘the edgy, ugly-grown horse of Leikn. ’
= WOLF
the edgy, ugly-grown horse of Leikn. → WOLF
notes
[4] ljótvaxinn ‘ugly-grown’: We can safely assume that this is not m. nom. sg. describing the subject, Óláfr, but m. acc. sg. qualifying hest ‘(troll-woman’s) horse’, hence the wolf to whom Saxon corpses are fed. The minority variant -vaxin, however, is also viable and would be n. acc. pl. qualifying hræ ‘corpses’.
vaxin ‘’
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vaxa (verb): grow, increase < ljótvaxinn (adj./verb p.p.)
vaxinn ‘grown’
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vaxa (verb): grow, increase < ljótvaxinn (adj./verb p.p.)
[4] ‑vaxinn: so F, J1ˣ, 61, 54, Bb, 62, Flat, FskBˣ, FskAˣ, 310, vaxin Kˣ, 39, 53
kennings
styggvan, ljótvaxinn hest Leiknar.‘the edgy, ugly-grown horse of Leikn. ’
= WOLF
the edgy, ugly-grown horse of Leikn. → WOLF
notes
[4] ljótvaxinn ‘ugly-grown’: We can safely assume that this is not m. nom. sg. describing the subject, Óláfr, but m. acc. sg. qualifying hest ‘(troll-woman’s) horse’, hence the wolf to whom Saxon corpses are fed. The minority variant -vaxin, however, is also viable and would be n. acc. pl. qualifying hræ ‘corpses’.
hram ‘’
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hrár (adj.): raw
gram ‘’
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
vaxa ‘’
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vaxa (verb): grow, increase
Vin ‘the friend’
notes
[5] vinhróðigr ‘friend-exulting’: A hap. leg. which could alternatively mean ‘famous for [his] friends’, cf. vinsæll ‘blessed with friends, popular’.
hróðigr ‘exulting’
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hróðigr (adj.): glorious < vinhróðigr (adj.)
[5] ‑hróðigr: ‘‑roðr’ FskBˣ
notes
[5] vinhróðigr ‘friend-exulting’: A hap. leg. which could alternatively mean ‘famous for [his] friends’, cf. vinsæll ‘blessed with friends, popular’.
gaf ‘gave’
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gefa (verb): give
víða ‘Far and wide’
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1. víða (adv.): widely
vísir ‘’
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1. vísir (noun m.): [king, ruler]
margan ‘’
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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many
Frísa ‘Frisians’
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Fríss (noun m.; °; -ir): Frisian
blakka ‘’
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2. blakkr (adj.): black
blǫkum ‘’
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blak (noun n.; °; *-): °slapping, slap
kennings
blǫkku stóði kveldriðu‘the black stud of the evening-rider ’
= WOLF
the evening-rider → TROLL-WOMAN
the black stud of the TROLL-WOMAN → WOLF
brunnt ‘’
brátt ‘’
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bráðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): quick(ly)
braut ‘’
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1. braut (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; -ir): path, way; away
brún ‘’
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2. brúnn (adj.): brown, dark
brúnt ‘the dark’
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2. brúnn (adj.): brown, dark
[7] brúnt: ‘brun’ 53, braut 62, bratt Flat, ‘brunnt’ 310
at ‘to’
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
drekka ‘drink’
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2. drekka (verb; °drekkr; drakk, drukku; drukkinn/drykkinn): drink
blóð ‘blood’
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blóð (noun n.; °-s): blood
kveld ‘of the evening’
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kveld (noun n.; °-s): evening < kveldriða (noun f.): [evening-rider]
kennings
blǫkku stóði kveldriðu‘the black stud of the evening-rider ’
= WOLF
the evening-rider → TROLL-WOMAN
the black stud of the TROLL-WOMAN → WOLF
kveld ‘of the evening’
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kveld (noun n.; °-s): evening < kveldriða (noun f.): [evening-rider]
kennings
blǫkku stóði kveldriðu‘the black stud of the evening-rider ’
= WOLF
the evening-rider → TROLL-WOMAN
the black stud of the TROLL-WOMAN → WOLF
riðu ‘rider’
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1. riða (noun f.; °-u; -ur): [rider] < kveldriða (noun f.): [evening-rider]
kennings
blǫkku stóði kveldriðu‘the black stud of the evening-rider ’
= WOLF
the evening-rider → TROLL-WOMAN
the black stud of the TROLL-WOMAN → WOLF
riðu ‘rider’
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1. riða (noun f.; °-u; -ur): [rider] < kveldriða (noun f.): [evening-rider]
kennings
blǫkku stóði kveldriðu‘the black stud of the evening-rider ’
= WOLF
the evening-rider → TROLL-WOMAN
the black stud of the TROLL-WOMAN → WOLF
stóði ‘stud’
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2. stóð (noun n.; °-s): stud-horse
kennings
blǫkku stóði kveldriðu‘the black stud of the evening-rider ’
= WOLF
the evening-rider → TROLL-WOMAN
the black stud of the TROLL-WOMAN → WOLF
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
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Tíðhǫggvit lét tyggi |
The ruler, Tryggvi’s son [= Óláfr Tryggvason], had the corpses of Saxons cut down often, finally, before the edgy, ugly-grown horse of Leikn <troll-woman> [WOLF]. Far and wide the friend-exulting prince gave the black stud of the evening-rider [TROLL-WOMAN > WOLF] the dark blood of many Frisians to drink.
See Introduction.
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