Hfr ErfÓl 9I
Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson, Erfidrápa Óláfs Tryggvasonar 9’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 414.
id ‘’
(not checked:)
2. inn (art.): the
letit ‘’
tít ‘’
(not checked:)
2. tíðr (adj.; °compar. tíðari, superl. tíðastr): popular
lé ‘’
(not checked:)
lé (noun m.; °ljá; ljár): [scythe]
Leitt ‘hateful’
(not checked:)
2. leiðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): hateful, loathsome
[1] Leitt: so Flat, ‘Le tít’ 54, ‘Letít id’ Bb
hykk ‘I think’
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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider
Leifa ‘of Leifi’
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Leifi (noun m.): Leifi
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
Leifa ‘of Leifi’
(not checked:)
Leifi (noun m.): Leifi
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
Leifa ‘of Leifi’
(not checked:)
Leifi (noun m.): Leifi
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
brautar ‘of the road’
(not checked:)
1. braut (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; -ir): path, way; away
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
brautar ‘of the road’
(not checked:)
1. braut (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; -ir): path, way; away
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
brautar ‘of the road’
(not checked:)
1. braut (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; -ir): path, way; away
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
lǫg ‘’
(not checked:)
lǫgr (noun m.; °lagar, dat. legi): sea < lǫgnárungr (noun m.): law?/sea?-possessor
log ‘of the flame’
(not checked:)
log (noun n.; °; -): flame < lognárungr (noun m.)log (noun n.; °; -): flame < logtarningr (noun m.)log (noun n.; °; -): flame
[2] log‑: lǫg‑ Flat
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
log ‘of the flame’
(not checked:)
log (noun n.; °; -): flame < lognárungr (noun m.)log (noun n.; °; -): flame < logtarningr (noun m.)log (noun n.; °; -): flame
[2] log‑: lǫg‑ Flat
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
træningum ‘’
tarningum ‘’
(not checked:)
tarningr (noun m.) < logtarningr (noun m.)
nôrungum ‘to possessors’
[2] ‑nôrungum: so Flat, ‘‑tarningum’ 54, ‘‑tręníngum’ Bb
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
notes
[2] -nôrungum ‘to possessors’: Here, as with Leitt (l. 1), only Flat’s reading makes sense. Nôrungar, a laudatory epithet only attested in the pl., has a variant form seen in gunnœringar Hávh Lv 14/6V (Háv 15), and is usually glossed ‘nourisher’ from nœra ‘to nourish’ (AEW: nárungar; LP: lognôrungar), but these are probably late developments (Meissner 350), and this ancient word seems instead to stem from the root *ner ‘strong, strength’ (Falk 1928a, 319).
vôru ‘it was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
geirs ‘of the spear’
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geirr (noun m.): spear
kennings
geigurþing geirs‘the dangerous meeting of the spear ’
= BATTLE
the dangerous meeting of the spear → BATTLE
við ‘with’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
gumna ‘of men’
(not checked:)
gumi (noun m.; °-a; gumar/gumnar): man
kennings
stjóra gumna,‘the steerer of men, ’
= RULER
the steerer of men, → RULER
stjórar ‘’
(not checked:)
stjóri (noun m.; °-a; -ar): steerer
kennings
stjóra gumna,‘the steerer of men, ’
= RULER
the steerer of men, → RULER
geigur ‘the dangerous’
(not checked:)
geigr (noun m.): fright, injury < geigrþing (noun n.): dangerous meeting
[4] geigur‑: so Flat, geigr‑ 54, Bb
kennings
geigurþing geirs‘the dangerous meeting of the spear ’
= BATTLE
the dangerous meeting of the spear → BATTLE
þing ‘meeting’
(not checked:)
þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly < geigrþing (noun n.): dangerous meeting
kennings
geigurþing geirs‘the dangerous meeting of the spear ’
= BATTLE
the dangerous meeting of the spear → BATTLE
at ‘to’
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
eiga ‘hold’
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2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have
þás ‘when’
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þás (conj.): when
fakk ‘’
frek ‘’
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2. frekr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): greedy
fák ‘of the steed’
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fákr (noun m.; °; -ar): horse < fákhlaðandi (noun m.)
[5] fák‑: ‘fack’ Bb, frek Flat
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
fák ‘of the steed’
(not checked:)
fákr (noun m.; °; -ar): horse < fákhlaðandi (noun m.)
[5] fák‑: ‘fack’ Bb, frek Flat
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
hlaðendr ‘loaders’
(not checked:)
hlaðandi (noun m.): [loaders] < fákhlaðandi (noun m.)hlaðandi (noun m.): [loaders]
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
frœknir ‘bold’
(not checked:)
frœkn (adj.): brave, bold
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
farleggs ‘’
(not checked:)
farleggr (noun m.): ?
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
at ‘’
(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to
vin ‘the friend’
(not checked:)
vinr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/(-i OsvReyk 92.17); -ir): friend
kennings
vin jarla‘the friend of jarls ’
= KING
the friend of jarls → KING
notes
[6] vin jarla ‘the friend of jarls [KING]’: This could, given the context, refer to an ally of Óláfr’s adversary Eiríkr Hákonarson, jarl of Hlaðir (Lade), but it is a conventional king-kenning, and Óláfr may be meant.
jarla ‘of jarls’
(not checked:)
jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl
kennings
vin jarla‘the friend of jarls ’
= KING
the friend of jarls → KING
notes
[6] vin jarla ‘the friend of jarls [KING]’: This could, given the context, refer to an ally of Óláfr’s adversary Eiríkr Hákonarson, jarl of Hlaðir (Lade), but it is a conventional king-kenning, and Óláfr may be meant.
úfs ‘’
(not checked:)
3. úfr (noun m.; °dat. -): bear, gruff one
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
með ‘with’
(not checked:)
með (prep.): with
harmi ‘’
(not checked:)
1. harmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sorrow, grief
hamri ‘with the hammer’
(not checked:)
1. hamarr (noun m.; °-s, dat. hamri; hamrar): hammer, cliff
[7] hamri: harmi Bb
notes
[7] þœfðar ‘beaten’: The epithet þœfðr hamri ‘beaten with the hammer’ occurs several times in later poetry (LP: þœfa 2). In Flat, ‘hefdar’ (perhaps hœfðar ‘hit, struck’, SHI 2) may represent a scribal attempt to make good the alliterative stave lost by reading úfs rather than húfs at the beginning of l. 7.
hring ‘’
(not checked:)
1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword
hrings ‘of the ring’
(not checked:)
1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword
[8] hrings: hring Bb, Flat
kennings
skyrtur hrings,‘shirts of the ring, ’
= MAIL-SHIRTS
shirts of the ring, → MAIL-SHIRTS
skyrtur ‘shirts’
(not checked:)
skyrta (noun f.; °-u; -ur): shirt
kennings
skyrtur hrings,‘shirts of the ring, ’
= MAIL-SHIRTS
shirts of the ring, → MAIL-SHIRTS
framm ‘against’
(not checked:)
(non-lexical)
gingu ‘advanced’
(not checked:)
2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Leitt hykk Leifa brautar |
I think it was hateful to possessors of the flame of the road of Leifi <sea-king> [(lit. ‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’) SEA > GOLD > MEN] to hold the dangerous meeting of the spear [BATTLE] with the steerer of men [RULER], when bold loaders of the steed of excellent planking [(lit. ‘steed-loaders of planking’) SHIP > SEAFARERS] advanced against the friend of jarls [KING] with shirts of the ring [MAIL-SHIRTS], beaten with the hammer.
The Swedes tire of holding out against Óláfr and his men.
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