Hfr ErfÓl 9I
Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson, Erfidrápa Óláfs Tryggvasonar 9’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 414.
letit ‘’
Leitt ‘hateful’
2. leiðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): hateful, loathsome
[1] Leitt: so Flat, ‘Le tít’ 54, ‘Letít id’ Bb
hykk ‘I think’
Leifa ‘of Leifi’
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
Leifa ‘of Leifi’
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
Leifa ‘of Leifi’
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
brautar ‘of the road’
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
brautar ‘of the road’
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
brautar ‘of the road’
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
log ‘of the flame’
[2] log‑: lǫg‑ Flat
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
log ‘of the flame’
[2] log‑: lǫg‑ Flat
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
træningum ‘’
tarningum ‘’
nôrungum ‘to possessors’
[2] ‑nôrungum: so Flat, ‘‑tarningum’ 54, ‘‑tręníngum’ Bb
kennings
Leifa brautar lognôrungum‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’
= MEN
the road of Leifi → SEA
the flame of the SEA → GOLD
to possessors of the GOLD → MEN
notes
[2] -nôrungum ‘to possessors’: Here, as with Leitt (l. 1), only Flat’s reading makes sense. Nôrungar, a laudatory epithet only attested in the pl., has a variant form seen in gunnœringar Hávh Lv 14/6V (Háv 15), and is usually glossed ‘nourisher’ from nœra ‘to nourish’ (AEW: nárungar; LP: lognôrungar), but these are probably late developments (Meissner 350), and this ancient word seems instead to stem from the root *ner ‘strong, strength’ (Falk 1928a, 319).
vôru ‘it was’
geirs ‘of the spear’
kennings
geigurþing geirs‘the dangerous meeting of the spear ’
= BATTLE
the dangerous meeting of the spear → BATTLE
við ‘with’
gumna ‘of men’
kennings
stjóra gumna,‘the steerer of men, ’
= RULER
the steerer of men, → RULER
stjórar ‘’
kennings
stjóra gumna,‘the steerer of men, ’
= RULER
the steerer of men, → RULER
geigur ‘the dangerous’
geigr (noun m.): fright, injury < geigrþing (noun n.): dangerous meeting
[4] geigur‑: so Flat, geigr‑ 54, Bb
kennings
geigurþing geirs‘the dangerous meeting of the spear ’
= BATTLE
the dangerous meeting of the spear → BATTLE
kennings
geigurþing geirs‘the dangerous meeting of the spear ’
= BATTLE
the dangerous meeting of the spear → BATTLE
þás ‘when’
fakk ‘’
fák ‘of the steed’
fákr (noun m.; °; -ar): horse < fákhlaðandi (noun m.)
[5] fák‑: ‘fack’ Bb, frek Flat
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
fák ‘of the steed’
fákr (noun m.; °; -ar): horse < fákhlaðandi (noun m.)
[5] fák‑: ‘fack’ Bb, frek Flat
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
hlaðendr ‘loaders’
hlaðandi (noun m.): [loaders] < fákhlaðandi (noun m.)hlaðandi (noun m.): [loaders]
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
frœknir ‘bold’
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
farleggs ‘’
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
vin ‘the friend’
vinr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/(-i OsvReyk 92.17); -ir): friend
kennings
vin jarla‘the friend of jarls ’
= KING
the friend of jarls → KING
notes
[6] vin jarla ‘the friend of jarls [KING]’: This could, given the context, refer to an ally of Óláfr’s adversary Eiríkr Hákonarson, jarl of Hlaðir (Lade), but it is a conventional king-kenning, and Óláfr may be meant.
jarla ‘of jarls’
kennings
vin jarla‘the friend of jarls ’
= KING
the friend of jarls → KING
notes
[6] vin jarla ‘the friend of jarls [KING]’: This could, given the context, refer to an ally of Óláfr’s adversary Eiríkr Hákonarson, jarl of Hlaðir (Lade), but it is a conventional king-kenning, and Óláfr may be meant.
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
kennings
frœknir farligs húfs fákhlaðendr‘steed-loaders of planking’
= SEAFARERS
the steed of excellent planking → SHIP
bold loaders of the SHIP → SEAFARERS
með ‘with’
hamri ‘with the hammer’
1. hamarr (noun m.; °-s, dat. hamri; hamrar): hammer, cliff
[7] hamri: harmi Bb
notes
[7] þœfðar ‘beaten’: The epithet þœfðr hamri ‘beaten with the hammer’ occurs several times in later poetry (LP: þœfa 2). In Flat, ‘hefdar’ (perhaps hœfðar ‘hit, struck’, SHI 2) may represent a scribal attempt to make good the alliterative stave lost by reading úfs rather than húfs at the beginning of l. 7.
kennings
skyrtur hrings,‘shirts of the ring, ’
= MAIL-SHIRTS
shirts of the ring, → MAIL-SHIRTS
skyrtur ‘shirts’
kennings
skyrtur hrings,‘shirts of the ring, ’
= MAIL-SHIRTS
shirts of the ring, → MAIL-SHIRTS
framm ‘against’
gingu ‘advanced’
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Leitt hykk Leifa brautar |
I think it was hateful to possessors of the flame of the road of Leifi <sea-king> [(lit. ‘flame-possessors of the road of Leifi’) SEA > GOLD > MEN] to hold the dangerous meeting of the spear [BATTLE] with the steerer of men [RULER], when bold loaders of the steed of excellent planking [(lit. ‘steed-loaders of planking’) SHIP > SEAFARERS] advanced against the friend of jarls [KING] with shirts of the ring [MAIL-SHIRTS], beaten with the hammer.
The Swedes tire of holding out against Óláfr and his men.
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