Hfr ErfÓl 5I
Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson, Erfidrápa Óláfs Tryggvasonar 5’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 408.
Sótti ‘attacked’
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sœkja (verb): seek, attack
herr ‘force’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
þars ‘where’
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þars (conj.): where
hætti ‘there was danger’
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2. hætta (verb): risk
notes
[1] hætti ‘there was danger’: More literally, ‘[it] was risked’.
hundmargr ‘An immense’
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hundmargr (adj.): immense
dręsil ‘’
drasils ‘’
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drasill (noun m.): steed
drasil ‘the horse’
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drasill (noun m.): steed
[2] drasil: ‘dręsil‑’ Bb, drasils 53, Flat
kennings
drasil sunda,‘the horse of sounds, ’
= SHIP
the horse of sounds, → SHIP
notes
[2] drasil sunda ‘the horse of sounds [SHIP]’: This is taken here as the object of sótti ‘attacked’. The reading drasils in 53 and Flat could be retained by assuming herr drasils sunda ‘force of the horse of sounds [SHIP]’ and taking sótti ‘attacked’ as intransitive.
sunda ‘of sounds’
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sund (noun n.; °-s; -): sound, strait; swimming
kennings
drasil sunda,‘the horse of sounds, ’
= SHIP
the horse of sounds, → SHIP
notes
[2] drasil sunda ‘the horse of sounds [SHIP]’: This is taken here as the object of sótti ‘attacked’. The reading drasils in 53 and Flat could be retained by assuming herr drasils sunda ‘force of the horse of sounds [SHIP]’ and taking sótti ‘attacked’ as intransitive.
en ‘but’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
hjalm ‘helmet’
kennings
hjalmsprotum.‘with helmet-rods. ’
= SWORDS
with helmet-rods. → SWORDS
spjótum ‘’
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spjót (noun n.; °-s; -): spear < hjalmspjót (noun n.): helmet-spear
sprotum ‘rods’
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sproti (noun m.; °-a): [rods] < hjalmsproti (noun m.)
[3] ‑sprotum: so 53, Flat, ‑spjótum 54, Bb
kennings
hjalmsprotum.‘with helmet-rods. ’
= SWORDS
with helmet-rods. → SWORDS
hilmir ‘ruler’
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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
harð ‘’
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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh < harðfengr (adj.): [tenacious]
fengr ‘the tenacious’
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1. fanga (verb; °præt. part. fanginn): capture < harðfengr (adj.): [tenacious]
Dǫnum ‘the Danes’
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dan (noun m.; °-s, dat. -): Dane
varði ‘warded off’
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3. verja (verb): defend
Fellu ‘fell’
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falla (verb): fall
með ‘with’
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með (prep.): with
þolli ‘fir’
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þollr (noun m.): fir-tree
kennings
þeim þolli Skævaðar geima;‘that fir of the Skævaðr of the ocean; ’
= SEAFARER
the Skævaðr of the ocean; → SHIP
that fir of the SHIP → SEAFARER
þeim ‘that’
kennings
þeim þolli Skævaðar geima;‘that fir of the Skævaðr of the ocean; ’
= SEAFARER
the Skævaðr of the ocean; → SHIP
that fir of the SHIP → SEAFARER
Skævaðar ‘of the Skævaðr’
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Skævaðr (noun m.): Skævaðr
kennings
þeim þolli Skævaðar geima;‘that fir of the Skævaðr of the ocean; ’
= SEAFARER
the Skævaðr of the ocean; → SHIP
that fir of the SHIP → SEAFARER
Skævaðar ‘of the Skævaðr’
(not checked:)
Skævaðr (noun m.): Skævaðr
kennings
þeim þolli Skævaðar geima;‘that fir of the Skævaðr of the ocean; ’
= SEAFARER
the Skævaðr of the ocean; → SHIP
that fir of the SHIP → SEAFARER
geyma ‘’
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geyma (verb): heed, guard
kennings
þeim þolli Skævaðar geima;‘that fir of the Skævaðr of the ocean; ’
= SEAFARER
the Skævaðr of the ocean; → SHIP
that fir of the SHIP → SEAFARER
notes
[6] geima ‘of the ocean’: Geyma, the reading of 54 and Bb, could be either the inf. of the verb meaning ‘to take care of’ or acc./gen. pl. of geymir ‘keeper’, but it spoils the hending and, judging by the 54 scribe’s practice elsewhere, cannot be normalised to geima.
kennings
þeim þolli Skævaðar geima;‘that fir of the Skævaðr of the ocean; ’
= SEAFARER
the Skævaðr of the ocean; → SHIP
that fir of the SHIP → SEAFARER
notes
[6] geima ‘of the ocean’: Geyma, the reading of 54 and Bb, could be either the inf. of the verb meaning ‘to take care of’ or acc./gen. pl. of geymir ‘keeper’, but it spoils the hending and, judging by the 54 scribe’s practice elsewhere, cannot be normalised to geima.
mein ‘grief’
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mein (noun n.; °-s; -): harm, injury
notes
[7] hlautk mein ‘I got grief’: Hlutu ‘they got’ in 53 and Flat may be an error influenced by the following pl. mínir ‘my’; it would only be possible if fleiri ‘more’ was taken as its subject, since the hollvinir ‘true friends’ cannot be both dead (fellu ‘fell’, l. 1) and grieving.
hlutu ‘’
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hljóta (verb): alot, gain
notes
[7] hlautk mein ‘I got grief’: Hlutu ‘they got’ in 53 and Flat may be an error influenced by the following pl. mínir ‘my’; it would only be possible if fleiri ‘more’ was taken as its subject, since the hollvinir ‘true friends’ cannot be both dead (fellu ‘fell’, l. 1) and grieving.
þvíat ‘’
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þvíat (conj.): because
því ‘that’
[7] því: so 53, Flat, þvíat 54, Bb
mínir ‘of my’
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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my
meir ‘also’
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meir (adv.): further, again
notes
[8] meir ‘also’: The word is taken here as an adv. and construed with the main clause (so also Kock in NN §474, translating it as sedan ‘afterwards’, rather than ‘also’); cf. Eskál Vell 21/1. Finnur Jónsson construes it with the intercalary, either as an adv. (LP: mjǫk) or an adj. (Skj B, translating meir mein as stor sorg ‘great sorrow’).
hold ‘’
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hold (noun n.; °-s; -): flesh < holdvinr (noun m.): flesh-friend
holl ‘true’
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hollr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): loyal < hollvinr (noun m.): loyal friend
[8] holl‑: hold‑ Flat
fleiri ‘More’
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fleiri (adj. comp.; °superl. flestr): more, most
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Although the Danish king Sveinn tjúguskegg ‘Fork-beard’, with his sixty ships, attacks the Norwegians the hardest, the entire fleet of the Danes and Swedes is within shooting range. But Óláfr and his troop defend themselves splendidly, even though many of his men fall.
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