Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson, Erfidrápa Óláfs Tryggvasonar 22’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 432.
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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again
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segja (verb): say, tell
[1, 3, 4] segir ... frá tyggja sôrum eða braut of kumnum ‘tells ... that the ruler was wounded or escaped’: Lit. ‘tells about the ruler [having been] wounded or [having] got away’.
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ǫld (noun f.; °; aldir): people, age
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1. auðr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-): wealth
[1] auðar: aldar 54, 325VIII 2 g, Bb, auðar auðar Flat
[1] kenni auðar ‘the master of riches [MAN]’: Probably the skald himself, cf. auðhnykkjanda ‘wealth-strewer’ Hfr Lv 18/6V (Hallfr 21). The kenning could alternatively refer to Óláfr, but this entails a complex syntactic arrangement (suggested as an alternative in Hkr 1991). Fsk’s reading kennir (nom.) could be taken as an apostrophe to an unknown person, unusual in an encomium, or as an attempt to supply a subject immediately after the verb segir ‘tells’.
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kennir (noun m.): teacher
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kennir (noun m.): teacher
[1] kenni: so Kˣ, 22ˣmarg, F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, 53, 54, 325VIII 2 g, Bb, Flat, kennir FskAˣ
[1] kenni auðar ‘the master of riches [MAN]’: Probably the skald himself, cf. auðhnykkjanda ‘wealth-strewer’ Hfr Lv 18/6V (Hallfr 21). The kenning could alternatively refer to Óláfr, but this entails a complex syntactic arrangement (suggested as an alternative in Hkr 1991). Fsk’s reading kennir (nom.) could be taken as an apostrophe to an unknown person, unusual in an encomium, or as an attempt to supply a subject immediately after the verb segir ‘tells’.
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3. austr (adv.; °compar. -ar, superl. -ast): east, in the east
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í (prep.): in, into
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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal
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gnaustan (noun f.): [clashing]
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seggr (noun m.; °; -ir): man
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frá (prep.): from
[1, 3, 4] segir ... frá tyggja sôrum eða braut of kumnum ‘tells ... that the ruler was wounded or escaped’: Lit. ‘tells about the ruler [having been] wounded or [having] got away’.
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sárr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): sore, painful; wounded
[1, 3, 4] segir ... frá tyggja sôrum eða braut of kumnum ‘tells ... that the ruler was wounded or escaped’: Lit. ‘tells about the ruler [having been] wounded or [having] got away’.
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tyggi (noun m.): prince, sovereign
[1, 3, 4] segir ... frá tyggja sôrum eða braut of kumnum ‘tells ... that the ruler was wounded or escaped’: Lit. ‘tells about the ruler [having been] wounded or [having] got away’.
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2. sumr (pron.): some
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4. at (conj.): that
[1, 3, 4] segir ... frá tyggja sôrum eða braut of kumnum ‘tells ... that the ruler was wounded or escaped’: Lit. ‘tells about the ruler [having been] wounded or [having] got away’.
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1. braut (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; -ir): path, way; away
[4] eða braut of kumnum: at braut hafi komisk Flat
[1, 3, 4] segir ... frá tyggja sôrum eða braut of kumnum ‘tells ... that the ruler was wounded or escaped’: Lit. ‘tells about the ruler [having been] wounded or [having] got away’.
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3. ór (prep.): out of
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haf (noun n.; °-s; *-): sea
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4. of (particle): (before verb)
[4] eða braut of kumnum: at braut hafi komisk Flat; of: ór 22ˣmarg
[1, 3, 4] segir ... frá tyggja sôrum eða braut of kumnum ‘tells ... that the ruler was wounded or escaped’: Lit. ‘tells about the ruler [having been] wounded or [having] got away’.
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
[4] eða braut of kumnum: at braut hafi komisk Flat; kumnum: komin 22ˣmarg, komna 61
[1, 3, 4] segir ... frá tyggja sôrum eða braut of kumnum ‘tells ... that the ruler was wounded or escaped’: Lit. ‘tells about the ruler [having been] wounded or [having] got away’.
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hafa (verb): have
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
[5] Nús (‘nu er’): nú hefk 61, 53, 54, 325VIII 2 g, Bb
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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true < 1. sannfregna (verb): [truly heard]
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1. fregna (verb): hear of < 1. sannfregna (verb): [truly heard]
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síðan (adv.): later, then
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siklingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
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í (prep.): in, into
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styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle
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mikill (adj.; °mikinn): great, large
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3. kanna (verb): know, be able
[7] kannka (‘kann ec ei’): kann eigi J1ˣ, kann ek 61, kanna ek ei Flat
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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many
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3. at (prep.): at, to
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2. við (prep.): with, against
[7] við: so F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, 53, 54, 325VIII 2 g, Bb, Flat, at FskAˣ, Kˣ, 22ˣmarg
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
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1. morð (noun n.; °-s; -): killing, battle
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veipa (noun f.; °; dat. -um): °(om hovedbeklædning) tørklæde, hætte
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veifan (noun f.): [vacillating]
[8] veifanarorði: ‘uæipanar ordum’ Flat
[8] veifanarorði ‘vacillating words’: Veifan is a hap. leg. from verb veifa ‘to wave, vibrate’. Orði is grammatically dat. sg., ‘word’.
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orð (noun n.; °-s; -): word
[8] veifanarorði ‘vacillating words’: Veifan is a hap. leg. from verb veifa ‘to wave, vibrate’. Orði is grammatically dat. sg., ‘word’.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Follows st. 21 with minimal introduction in most prose texts; ÓT briefly paraphrases the stanza, highlighting the contradictory reports.
[1-4]: The tradition seems to have been that Óláfr travelled east after escaping Svǫlðr, via Wendland to Russia, Greece, Syria and/or Jerusalem (ÓTOdd 1932, 241-3, 259-60; ÍF 25, 358, 373) or simply to the Holy Land (Ágr, ÍF 29, 24). Austr ‘eastwards’ (l. 2) is here taken with braut of kumnum ‘escaped, got away’, which supports the claims in the prose sources (or may be the origin of them). It could alternatively mean ‘in the east’ and combine with gnaustan malma ‘the clashing of metal weapons [BATTLE]’ in the same line.
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