Hfr ErfÓl 16I
Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson, Erfidrápa Óláfs Tryggvasonar 16’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 422.
ógnrœðir ‘’
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ógnrœðir (noun m.)
ulfgœðir ‘’
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ulfgœðir (noun m.)
ógnrœðir ‘’
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ógnrœðir (noun m.)
Ógrœðir ‘The non-increaser’
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ógrœðir (noun m.): [non-increaser]
[1] Ógrœðir: ‘Ogn røðir’ Holm18, ulfgœðir 310, ‘Ogn rædir’ Flat
kennings
Ógrœðir armgrjóts‘The non-increaser of arm-gravel ’
= GENEROUS MAN
arm-gravel → JEWELS
The non-increaser of JEWELS → GENEROUS MAN
notes
[1] ógrœðir ‘the non-increaser’: One who does not increase (his own stock of) jewels because he gives them away, i.e. a generous man. Neither of the minor ms. readings, ulfgœðir m. ‘wolf-enricher’ (the warrior, who provides him with corpses) or, by emendation, ógnreiðir m. ‘battle-swinger’ or perhaps ‘terrifying swinger’, combines convincingly with armgrjóts ‘of arm-gravel [JEWELS]’.
sá ‘saw’
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2. sjá (verb): see
auðan ‘’
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3. auðr (adj.): empty, barren
arm ‘of arm’
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1. armr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): arm < armgrjót (noun n.)1. armr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): arm
[2] arm‑: arin‑ 53, 54, Bb
kennings
Ógrœðir armgrjóts‘The non-increaser of arm-gravel ’
= GENEROUS MAN
arm-gravel → JEWELS
The non-increaser of JEWELS → GENEROUS MAN
arm ‘of arm’
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1. armr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): arm < armgrjót (noun n.)1. armr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): arm
[2] arm‑: arin‑ 53, 54, Bb
kennings
Ógrœðir armgrjóts‘The non-increaser of arm-gravel ’
= GENEROUS MAN
arm-gravel → JEWELS
The non-increaser of JEWELS → GENEROUS MAN
grjózt ‘’
grjóts ‘gravel’
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grjót (noun n.): rock, stone < armgrjót (noun n.)grjót (noun n.): rock, stone < aringrjót (noun n.): hearth?/eagle?-stone
[2] ‑grjóts: ‘griozt’ J1ˣ
kennings
Ógrœðir armgrjóts‘The non-increaser of arm-gravel ’
= GENEROUS MAN
arm-gravel → JEWELS
The non-increaser of JEWELS → GENEROUS MAN
grjóts ‘gravel’
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grjót (noun n.): rock, stone < armgrjót (noun n.)grjót (noun n.): rock, stone < aringrjót (noun n.): hearth?/eagle?-stone
[2] ‑grjóts: ‘griozt’ J1ˣ
kennings
Ógrœðir armgrjóts‘The non-increaser of arm-gravel ’
= GENEROUS MAN
arm-gravel → JEWELS
The non-increaser of JEWELS → GENEROUS MAN
trꜹnnv ‘’
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1. trana (noun f.; °*-u; *-ur): °trane; (om skib)
Trǫnu ‘’
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1. trana (noun f.; °*-u; *-ur): °trane; (om skib)
Trana ‘Trani (‘Crane’)’
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2. trani (noun m.; °-a): crane
[2] Trana: Trana so 4‑7, Trǫnu FskAˣ, Holm18, 310, 4‑7, Kˣ, F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, 53, 54, Flat, ‘trꜹnnv’ Bb
notes
[2] Trana ‘Trani (“Crane”)’: The name of one of Óláfr’s ships. The m. (Trani) and f. (Trana) forms are used indiscriminately in the prose sources (the ÓTOdd mss disagree). The f. form has the strongest ms. support here and is found, e.g., in Hamð 17, but these f. forms may be scribal, and the m. form is preferred in this edn (as in Skj B), since it is older (CVC: Trani), and indeed m. names of ships prevail up to the C12th (see Note to Rv Lv 8/4II).
fljóta ‘floating’
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fljóta (verb): flow, float
herr ‘’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
hann ‘he’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
[3] hann: herr 53
rauð ‘reddened’
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rjóða (verb): to redden
geir ‘the spear’
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geirr (noun m.): spear
at ‘in’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
gunni ‘war’
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gunnr (noun f.): battle
glaðr ‘glad’
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2. glaðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): cheerful, glad
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
báða ‘both’
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báðir (pron.; °gen. beggja (báðra), nom./acc. n. bǽði): both
Naðra ‘Naðrar (‘Adders’)’
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naðr (noun m.): snake
en ‘’
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4. en (conj.): than
áðr ‘before’
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áðr (adv.; °//): before
[5] áðr: so Holm18, 310, 4‑7, Kˣ, F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, 53, 54, Bb, Flat, áðr en FskAˣ
hjald ‘’
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1. hjaldr (noun m.): battle
hjaldr ‘clash’
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1. hjaldr (noun m.): battle < hjaldrþorinn (adj.)
[5] hjaldr‑: so Holm18, 310, 4‑7, Kˣ, F, 61, 53, 54, Bb, Flat, added above the line FskAˣ, hjald J1ˣ, J2ˣ
þorinn ‘bold’
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-þorinn (adj.): [bold, daring] < hjaldrþorinn (adj.)
heldi ‘fled’
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halda (verb): hold, keep
hꜹg ‘’
ór ‘’
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3. ór (prep.): out of
ok ‘’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
æ ‘’
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2. æ (adv.): always, forever
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
[6] í: so 4‑7, Kˣ, F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, Flat, ‘æ’ FskAˣ, ok Holm18, 53, í corrected to ór in the margin 310, ór 61, 54, Bb
notes
[6] í ‘in’: Ór ‘from’, the reading of most ÓT mss (and added in the margin to 310) is also possible. The phrase it introduces, ramri bǫð ‘fierce battle’, is then a description of what Þorkell heldi undan ‘fled’ from. Ok in 53 and Holm18 (represented by Tironian nota in both cases) are presumably misreadings of their exemplar’s <j> (normalised í) (so Ólafur Halldórsson, ÍF 25).
beið ‘’
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bíða (verb; °bíðr; beið, biðu; beðit): wait, suffer, experience
ramri ‘fierce’
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rammr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): mighty
snotr ‘wise’
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snotr (adj.): wise
af ‘’
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af (prep.): from
siglu ‘’
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1. sigla (noun f.; °-u): mast < sigluotr (noun m.): sail-otter?
snœris ‘’
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snœri (noun n.; °; -): cable, thong < snœrivitnir (noun m.)
snǫris ‘’
snœri ‘the cable’
[7] snœri‑: siglu 310, ‘snǫris’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ, snœris 61, 53, 54, Bb
kennings
snœrivitni sunds.‘the cable-wolf of the sea. ’
= SHIP
the cable-wolf of the sea. → SHIP
notes
[7] snœrivitni ‘the cable-wolf’: The variant readings otr siglu ‘otter of the mast’ (so 310) and snœriotr ‘cable-otter’ (so Holm18 and Flat, whose text of this stanza is from ÓTOdd rather than ÓT (ÍF 25)), also form ship-kennings, though they give aðalhending in an odd line. Vitru (f. acc. sg.) ‘wisdom’ and fjǫtri (m. dat. sg.) ‘fetter’ are likely to be scribal errors for vitni and [snœris]otri (with a long second <s>) respectively.
vitru ‘’
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1. vitra (noun f.; °-u): [wisdom] < 1. snœrivitra (noun f.): ?cable-wisdom
vitni ‘wolf’
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vitnir (noun m.): wolf < snœrivitnir (noun m.)vitnir (noun m.): wolf < snœrivitnir (noun m.)
[7] ‑vitni: otri Holm18, 310, Flat, vitru 4‑7, fjǫtri 53
kennings
snœrivitni sunds.‘the cable-wolf of the sea. ’
= SHIP
the cable-wolf of the sea. → SHIP
notes
[7] snœrivitni ‘the cable-wolf’: The variant readings otr siglu ‘otter of the mast’ (so 310) and snœriotr ‘cable-otter’ (so Holm18 and Flat, whose text of this stanza is from ÓTOdd rather than ÓT (ÍF 25)), also form ship-kennings, though they give aðalhending in an odd line. Vitru (f. acc. sg.) ‘wisdom’ and fjǫtri (m. dat. sg.) ‘fetter’ are likely to be scribal errors for vitni and [snœris]otri (with a long second <s>) respectively.
sunds ‘of the sea’
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sund (noun n.; °-s; -): sound, strait; swimming
kennings
snœrivitni sunds.‘the cable-wolf of the sea. ’
= SHIP
the cable-wolf of the sea. → SHIP
notes
[7] snœrivitni ‘the cable-wolf’: The variant readings otr siglu ‘otter of the mast’ (so 310) and snœriotr ‘cable-otter’ (so Holm18 and Flat, whose text of this stanza is from ÓTOdd rather than ÓT (ÍF 25)), also form ship-kennings, though they give aðalhending in an odd line. Vitru (f. acc. sg.) ‘wisdom’ and fjǫtri (m. dat. sg.) ‘fetter’ are likely to be scribal errors for vitni and [snœris]otri (with a long second <s>) respectively. — [8] sunds ‘of the sea’: It is not obvious where this gen. noun fits in the syntax. (a) In the Text above, sunds forms an overloaded ship-kenning with snœrivitni, ‘(on the) cable-wolf of the sea’. Parallels, albeit somewhat distant ones, are assembled at Meissner 42. (b) Following Ólafur Halldórsson (ÍF 25), sunds could be taken as an adverbial gen. of direction (cf. NS §141); a possible parallel is Gsind Hákdr 6/8 sunda, if this is adverbial ‘through sounds’ (so Poole 2004). (c) Sunds could mean ‘swimming’. Hkr seems to take this as a reference to Þorkell’s means of escape; cf. Hkr’s reading af in l. 7, suggesting Þorkell flees from, rather than on, the ship (ÍF 26; Hkr 1991; cf. ÍF 29), while Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SHI 3) suggested snotr sunds ‘wise (i.e. skilled) at swimming’ (see Hkr 1893-1901, IV for Finnur Jónsson’s response).
sunds ‘of the sea’
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sund (noun n.; °-s; -): sound, strait; swimming
kennings
snœrivitni sunds.‘the cable-wolf of the sea. ’
= SHIP
the cable-wolf of the sea. → SHIP
notes
[7] snœrivitni ‘the cable-wolf’: The variant readings otr siglu ‘otter of the mast’ (so 310) and snœriotr ‘cable-otter’ (so Holm18 and Flat, whose text of this stanza is from ÓTOdd rather than ÓT (ÍF 25)), also form ship-kennings, though they give aðalhending in an odd line. Vitru (f. acc. sg.) ‘wisdom’ and fjǫtri (m. dat. sg.) ‘fetter’ are likely to be scribal errors for vitni and [snœris]otri (with a long second <s>) respectively. — [8] sunds ‘of the sea’: It is not obvious where this gen. noun fits in the syntax. (a) In the Text above, sunds forms an overloaded ship-kenning with snœrivitni, ‘(on the) cable-wolf of the sea’. Parallels, albeit somewhat distant ones, are assembled at Meissner 42. (b) Following Ólafur Halldórsson (ÍF 25), sunds could be taken as an adverbial gen. of direction (cf. NS §141); a possible parallel is Gsind Hákdr 6/8 sunda, if this is adverbial ‘through sounds’ (so Poole 2004). (c) Sunds could mean ‘swimming’. Hkr seems to take this as a reference to Þorkell’s means of escape; cf. Hkr’s reading af in l. 7, suggesting Þorkell flees from, rather than on, the ship (ÍF 26; Hkr 1991; cf. ÍF 29), while Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SHI 3) suggested snotr sunds ‘wise (i.e. skilled) at swimming’ (see Hkr 1893-1901, IV for Finnur Jónsson’s response).
Þórketill ‘Þorkell’
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Þórketill (noun m.): Þorkell, Þorketill
undan ‘’
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undan (adv.): away, away from
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The battle has turned against Óláfr’s forces, and a certain Þorkell escapes: either Þorkell nefja ‘Nose’, Óláfr’s half-brother (Hkr, Fsk, ÓT) or Þorkell dyrðill ‘Cloak’, a prominent man in Óláfr’s retinue (ÓTOdd). ÓTOdd specifies that Óláfr commanded Þorkell to take the wounded and dead ashore on Trana/Trani; Hkr and ÓT say that he was the last to flee.
Ms. 22ˣ is a secondary ms. of ÓT, but at this point it has marginalia apparently copied from a now lost leaf of the Hkr ms. 39 (Ólafur Halldórsson 1976; ÓT 1958-2000, III, ccx). Variants from this are cited where available, here and in sts 18, 20-2, with the siglum 22ˣmarg.
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