Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson, Erfidrápa Óláfs Tryggvasonar 13’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 419.
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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1. hræddr (adj.): afraid
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2. við (prep.): with, against
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ǫrr (adj.): generous, brave
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hugr (noun m.): mind, thought, courage < hugdyggr (adj.): steadfast
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dyggr (adj.; °dyggvan/dyggan; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri, superl. -vastr/-astr/-str): trustworthy < hugdyggr (adj.): steadfast
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sonr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. syni; synir, acc. sonu, syni): son
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Tryggvi (noun m.): Tryggvi
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vaða (verb): advance, wade
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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal < malmþing (noun n.): weapon-assembly
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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal < malmþing (noun n.): weapon-assembly
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þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly < malmþing (noun n.): weapon-assembly
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þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly < malmþing (noun n.): weapon-assembly
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meiðr (noun m.): beam, tree
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
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3. und (prep.): under, underneath
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sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun
[4] jaðri sólar ‘the borderland of the sun [SKY]’: An unusual sky-kenning. Among the many involving a determinant meaning ‘sun’ combined with a base-word meaning ‘ground’, ‘road’, ‘hall’, or ‘seat’, there are no parallels for jaðarr ‘border, rim’ in the latter role. However, the existence of Jaðarr (Jæren) as the name of a coastal district in south-west Norway would encourage taking jaðarr here as equivalent to ‘land’ (as LP: jaðarr 1 and Meissner 106 do) and translating ‘borderland’ (more strictly ‘territory at the edge’). Ohlmarks (1958, 450) suggests the kenning refers to the time of day when the sun is just above the horizon.
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jaðarr (noun m.; °-s, dat. jaðri; jaðrar): edge, border
[4] jaðri sólar ‘the borderland of the sun [SKY]’: An unusual sky-kenning. Among the many involving a determinant meaning ‘sun’ combined with a base-word meaning ‘ground’, ‘road’, ‘hall’, or ‘seat’, there are no parallels for jaðarr ‘border, rim’ in the latter role. However, the existence of Jaðarr (Jæren) as the name of a coastal district in south-west Norway would encourage taking jaðarr here as equivalent to ‘land’ (as LP: jaðarr 1 and Meissner 106 do) and translating ‘borderland’ (more strictly ‘territory at the edge’). Ohlmarks (1958, 450) suggests the kenning refers to the time of day when the sun is just above the horizon.
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The battle continues; Óláfr is a prominent and terrifying presence.
[2]: The aðalhending on Óláfr’s patronym Tryggva is also found in sts 20/4, 23/8 and 28/4, and the line itself is taken up with slight variation in HSt Rst 34/2.
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