HSt Frag 6III
Edith Marold (ed.) 2017, ‘Hallar-Steinn, Fragments 6’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 208.
Hart ‘The strong’
(not checked:)
harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
kennings
Hart hregg benvargs‘The strong storm of the wound-wolf ’
= BATTLE
the wound-wolf → SWORD
The strong storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
fló ‘flew’
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fljúga (verb): fly
hvast ‘sharply’
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hvass (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): keen, sharp
of ‘in’
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3. of (prep.): around, from; too
hregg ‘storm’
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hregg (noun n.): storm
kennings
Hart hregg benvargs‘The strong storm of the wound-wolf ’
= BATTLE
the wound-wolf → SWORD
The strong storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
magnaðisk ‘increased’
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magna (verb): strengthen, increase
bragna ‘of men’
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bragnar (noun m.): men, warriors
notes
[2] bragna ‘of men’: This noun could technically be accommodated in any of the helmingr’s three clauses. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) connects it with búkar ‘bodies’ (l. 3), which is adopted in the present edn. Kock (NN §1189) takes it with snertu ‘battle’ (l. 1) and cites a few parallels for the syntagm ‘battle of men’, none of which are fully equivalent.
bókar ‘of the book’
(not checked:)
1. bók (noun f.; °bǿkr/bókar; bǿkr): book
kennings
sól bókar‘the sun of the book ’
= COLOUR
the sun of the book → COLOUR
notes
[3] sól bókar ‘the sun of the book [COLOUR (steinn ‘stone’)]’: This is an ofljóst construction, based on the homonymy of ON steinn, which can mean both ‘stain, colour’ and ‘stone’.
sól ‘the sun’
(not checked:)
sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun
kennings
sól bókar‘the sun of the book ’
= COLOUR
the sun of the book → COLOUR
notes
[3] sól bókar ‘the sun of the book [COLOUR (steinn ‘stone’)]’: This is an ofljóst construction, based on the homonymy of ON steinn, which can mean both ‘stain, colour’ and ‘stone’.
þars ‘where’
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þars (conj.): where
búkar ‘bodies’
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búkr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): body
ben ‘of the wound’
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1. ben (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -; -jar , gen. -a(var. EiðKrC 402¹³: AM 77 4° D)): wound < benvargr (noun m.)
kennings
Hart hregg benvargs‘The strong storm of the wound-wolf ’
= BATTLE
the wound-wolf → SWORD
The strong storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
ben ‘of the wound’
(not checked:)
1. ben (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -; -jar , gen. -a(var. EiðKrC 402¹³: AM 77 4° D)): wound < benvargr (noun m.)
kennings
Hart hregg benvargs‘The strong storm of the wound-wolf ’
= BATTLE
the wound-wolf → SWORD
The strong storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
vargs ‘wolf’
(not checked:)
vargr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): wolf < benvargr (noun m.)
kennings
Hart hregg benvargs‘The strong storm of the wound-wolf ’
= BATTLE
the wound-wolf → SWORD
The strong storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
vargs ‘wolf’
(not checked:)
vargr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): wolf < benvargr (noun m.)
kennings
Hart hregg benvargs‘The strong storm of the wound-wolf ’
= BATTLE
the wound-wolf → SWORD
The strong storm of the SWORD → BATTLE
hnigu ‘sank down’
(not checked:)
hníga (verb): sink, fall
margir ‘many’
(not checked:)
2. margr (adj.; °-an): many
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
This helmingr is cited in LaufE among fragments exemplifying kennings and heiti for ‘stone’, and, more specifically, among a group of stone-kennings referring to them as the sheen, colour etc. of books or ships (LaufE 1979, 307): þui bækur eru lystar, skip steind ‘because books are illuminated, ships painted’. In the Y redaction of LaufE Frag 6 and Frag 7 are cited as one stanza, and the latter is also given as an example of a stone-kenning (hnegg foldar ‘heart of the earth’).
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