HSt Rst 30I
Rolf Stavnem (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallar-Steinn, Rekstefja 30’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 932.
Spell ‘harm’
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2. spjall (noun n.; °; -*): destruction, loss
vann ‘did’
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2. vinna (verb): perform, work
sparðit ‘did not hold back’
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2. spara (verb): spare, withhold
[1] sparðit: sparði ei 54, Bb(94vb), spurðisk Flat
stillir ‘the ruler’
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stillir (noun m.): ruler
spjót ‘of the spear’
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spjót (noun n.; °-s; -): spear < spjótrunnr (noun m.)
kennings
spjótrunns;‘of the spear-tree; ’
= WARRIOR = Þorkell
the spear-tree; → WARRIOR = Þorkell
runns ‘tree’
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runnr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): bush, tree < spjótrunnr (noun m.)
[2] ‑runns: so 61, 54, Bb(94vb), ruðs Bb(112rb), runn Flat
kennings
spjótrunns;‘of the spear-tree; ’
= WARRIOR = Þorkell
the spear-tree; → WARRIOR = Þorkell
skaða ‘the damage’
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skaði (noun m.; °-a; -ar): harm, damage
bótir ‘from remedying’
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bót (noun f.; °-ar; bǿtr): compensation
[2] bótir: so 61, 54, Bb(94vb), bóta Bb(112rb), bótar Flat
mein ‘The harmful’
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meinn (adj.; °compar. meinni, superl. meinstr): [fierce] < meingarðr (noun m.)
[3] meingarðr: so 61, 54, Bb(94vb), meingarðs Bb(112rb), mengerðr Flat
kennings
Meingarðr margra jarða‘The harmful enclosure of many lands ’
= SEA
The harmful enclosure of many lands → SEA
notes
[3] meingarðr margra jarða ‘the harmful enclosure of many lands [SEA]’: The context and skaldic convention suggest this interpretation (see Meissner 94 for comparable sea-kennings). Sveinbjörn Egilsson (Fms 12, 55) and Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) took the kenning as a reference to Óláfr as fence or protector against harm (perhaps specifically paganism), but this is unlikely.
garðr ‘enclosure’
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garðr (noun m.): enclosure, yard < meingarðr (noun m.)
[3] meingarðr: so 61, 54, Bb(94vb), meingarðs Bb(112rb), mengerðr Flat
kennings
Meingarðr margra jarða‘The harmful enclosure of many lands ’
= SEA
The harmful enclosure of many lands → SEA
notes
[3] meingarðr margra jarða ‘the harmful enclosure of many lands [SEA]’: The context and skaldic convention suggest this interpretation (see Meissner 94 for comparable sea-kennings). Sveinbjörn Egilsson (Fms 12, 55) and Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) took the kenning as a reference to Óláfr as fence or protector against harm (perhaps specifically paganism), but this is unlikely.
margra ‘of many’
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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many
[3] margra: so all others, margrar Bb(112rb)
kennings
Meingarðr margra jarða‘The harmful enclosure of many lands ’
= SEA
The harmful enclosure of many lands → SEA
notes
[3] meingarðr margra jarða ‘the harmful enclosure of many lands [SEA]’: The context and skaldic convention suggest this interpretation (see Meissner 94 for comparable sea-kennings). Sveinbjörn Egilsson (Fms 12, 55) and Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) took the kenning as a reference to Óláfr as fence or protector against harm (perhaps specifically paganism), but this is unlikely.
jarða ‘lands’
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jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth
kennings
Meingarðr margra jarða‘The harmful enclosure of many lands ’
= SEA
The harmful enclosure of many lands → SEA
notes
[3] meingarðr margra jarða ‘the harmful enclosure of many lands [SEA]’: The context and skaldic convention suggest this interpretation (see Meissner 94 for comparable sea-kennings). Sveinbjörn Egilsson (Fms 12, 55) and Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) took the kenning as a reference to Óláfr as fence or protector against harm (perhaps specifically paganism), but this is unlikely.
notes
[4] mikit ‘great’: Mikill (m. nom. sg.) in the ÓT mss would qualify meingarðr ‘harmful enclosure’, the base-word of the sea-kenning.
dýrligri ‘to the splendid’
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dýrligr (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. -astr/-(a)st-): glorious, precious
[4] dýrligri: so 54, Bb(94vb), dýrligrar Bb(112rb), dýrðligri 61, Flat
skikkju ‘cloak’
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1. skikkja (noun f.; °-u; -ur): cloak
Goð ‘precious’
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góðr (adj.): good < goðvefr (noun m.): [precious cloth]
vefr ‘cloth’
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vefr (noun m.; °-jar; -ir): cloth, sail, weaving < goðvefr (noun m.): [precious cloth]
gerðisk ‘became’
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1. gera (verb): do, make
notes
[5] gerðisk jǫfri ‘became for the ruler’: Although Óláfr is not grammatically the agent, the sense is probably as suggested in Skj B: ved kongen(s jærtegn) ‘by the king(’s miracle)’.
notes
[5] gerðisk jǫfri ‘became for the ruler’: Although Óláfr is not grammatically the agent, the sense is probably as suggested in Skj B: ved kongen(s jærtegn) ‘by the king(’s miracle)’.
notes
[6] grôn skinn ‘the grey fur’: Lit. pl., ‘grey skins’.
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
skinn ‘fur’
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skinn (noun n.; °-s; -): skin, fur, leather
notes
[6] grôn skinn ‘the grey fur’: Lit. pl., ‘grey skins’.
notes
[6] á ‘on’: The ÓT mss have und ‘under’, thus the versions differ as to whether the fur is on the outside or inside of the cloak.
sjónfagr ‘the beautiful’
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senn (adv.): at once
[7] sjónfagr: so all others, senn á Bb(112rb)
notes
[7] sjónfagr svipstund eina ‘beautiful ... a single moment’: This, the reading of the ÓT mss, gives good sense and metre. Sjónfagr is lit. ‘appearance-beautiful’. For the use of acc. sg. eina stund ‘in a single moment’ as an adverbial of time, cf. NS §98. The line in Bb(112rb), senn á svipstund einni ‘at once ... in a single moment’, gives good sense and is identical to ÞjóðA Sex 17/3II, but it is less satisfactory since it is not skjálfhent or tvískelft (see Introduction).
‘in’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
svip ‘’
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svipr (noun m.): swinging, violent < svipstund (noun f.)
notes
[7] sjónfagr svipstund eina ‘beautiful ... a single moment’: This, the reading of the ÓT mss, gives good sense and metre. Sjónfagr is lit. ‘appearance-beautiful’. For the use of acc. sg. eina stund ‘in a single moment’ as an adverbial of time, cf. NS §98. The line in Bb(112rb), senn á svipstund einni ‘at once ... in a single moment’, gives good sense and is identical to ÞjóðA Sex 17/3II, but it is less satisfactory since it is not skjálfhent or tvískelft (see Introduction).
stund ‘moment’
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stund (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): time, hour < svipstund (noun f.)
notes
[7] sjónfagr svipstund eina ‘beautiful ... a single moment’: This, the reading of the ÓT mss, gives good sense and metre. Sjónfagr is lit. ‘appearance-beautiful’. For the use of acc. sg. eina stund ‘in a single moment’ as an adverbial of time, cf. NS §98. The line in Bb(112rb), senn á svipstund einni ‘at once ... in a single moment’, gives good sense and is identical to ÞjóðA Sex 17/3II, but it is less satisfactory since it is not skjálfhent or tvískelft (see Introduction).
eina ‘a single’
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2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone
[7] eina: eina so all others, einni Bb(112rb)
notes
[7] sjónfagr svipstund eina ‘beautiful ... a single moment’: This, the reading of the ÓT mss, gives good sense and metre. Sjónfagr is lit. ‘appearance-beautiful’. For the use of acc. sg. eina stund ‘in a single moment’ as an adverbial of time, cf. NS §98. The line in Bb(112rb), senn á svipstund einni ‘at once ... in a single moment’, gives good sense and is identical to ÞjóðA Sex 17/3II, but it is less satisfactory since it is not skjálfhent or tvískelft (see Introduction).
síðan ‘After that’
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síðan (adv.): later, then
jafn ‘the same’
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jafn (adj.; °comp. -ari, superl. -astr): even, just
[8] jafn: so all others, jǫfn Bb(112rb)
notes
[8] jafn ‘the same’: This m. adj. agrees with goðvefr m. ‘precious cloth’. Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) retains the Bb(112rb) reading jǫfn, suggesting that the scribe had the cloak (skikkja f.) in mind; it could alternatively be n. pl. qualifying goðvefr ok grôn skinn á hônum ‘the precious cloth and the grey fur on it’.
eða ‘or even’
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eða (conj.): or
fríðri ‘finer’
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fríðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): beautiful, fair
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
See also st. 29. The sea-water has ruined Þorkell’s cloak. The king lays his hand on it and in a moment the cloak is dry and as good as before, or better.
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