HSt Rst 29I
Rolf Stavnem (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallar-Steinn, Rekstefja 29’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 930.
Dáð ‘deed’
(not checked:)
dáð (noun f.; °; -ir): feat, deed < dáðstyrkr (adj.)
[1] Dáðstyrk: so 61, 53, 54, Flat, dreyrserks Bb(112rb), ‘daðstvrk’ Bb(94vb)
notes
[All]: The tale about Óláfr and Þorkell dyðrill is narrated in Anon Ól as well as in ÓT 1958-2000, II, 231-6 and ÓTOdd (ÍF 25, 267-70); see Introduction to Anon Ól for a summary. — [1, 2] dáðstyrk ... dolgminnigs ‘deed-strong ... strife-mindful’: (a) The ÓT reading adj. dáðstyrk ‘deed-strong’ in l. 1 qualifies merki ‘sign(s)’, and styrk : merki produce a regular skothending. The ÓT reading adj. dolgminnigs ‘strife-mindful’ in l. 2 qualifies the warrior-kenning. (b) The readings of the continuous Bb text, dreyrserks ‘of the blood-shirt, mail-shirt’ and dáðminnigs ‘deed-mindful’, could possibly make sense if taken together as ‘deed-mindful of the blood-shirt’, i.e. intent on great deeds in battle, with ‘mail-shirt’ as a metonym for battle. However, this is stylistically improbable. The reading ‑serks produces an aðalhending on merki, which is less regular in an odd line, though also possible.
Dáð ‘deed’
(not checked:)
dáð (noun f.; °; -ir): feat, deed < dáðstyrkr (adj.)
[1] Dáðstyrk: so 61, 53, 54, Flat, dreyrserks Bb(112rb), ‘daðstvrk’ Bb(94vb)
notes
[All]: The tale about Óláfr and Þorkell dyðrill is narrated in Anon Ól as well as in ÓT 1958-2000, II, 231-6 and ÓTOdd (ÍF 25, 267-70); see Introduction to Anon Ól for a summary. — [1, 2] dáðstyrk ... dolgminnigs ‘deed-strong ... strife-mindful’: (a) The ÓT reading adj. dáðstyrk ‘deed-strong’ in l. 1 qualifies merki ‘sign(s)’, and styrk : merki produce a regular skothending. The ÓT reading adj. dolgminnigs ‘strife-mindful’ in l. 2 qualifies the warrior-kenning. (b) The readings of the continuous Bb text, dreyrserks ‘of the blood-shirt, mail-shirt’ and dáðminnigs ‘deed-mindful’, could possibly make sense if taken together as ‘deed-mindful of the blood-shirt’, i.e. intent on great deeds in battle, with ‘mail-shirt’ as a metonym for battle. However, this is stylistically improbable. The reading ‑serks produces an aðalhending on merki, which is less regular in an odd line, though also possible.
styrk ‘strong’
(not checked:)
2. styrkr (adj.): powerful, strong < dáðstyrkr (adj.)
[1] Dáðstyrk: so 61, 53, 54, Flat, dreyrserks Bb(112rb), ‘daðstvrk’ Bb(94vb)
notes
[1, 2] dáðstyrk ... dolgminnigs ‘deed-strong ... strife-mindful’: (a) The ÓT reading adj. dáðstyrk ‘deed-strong’ in l. 1 qualifies merki ‘sign(s)’, and styrk : merki produce a regular skothending. The ÓT reading adj. dolgminnigs ‘strife-mindful’ in l. 2 qualifies the warrior-kenning. (b) The readings of the continuous Bb text, dreyrserks ‘of the blood-shirt, mail-shirt’ and dáðminnigs ‘deed-mindful’, could possibly make sense if taken together as ‘deed-mindful of the blood-shirt’, i.e. intent on great deeds in battle, with ‘mail-shirt’ as a metonym for battle. However, this is stylistically improbable. The reading ‑serks produces an aðalhending on merki, which is less regular in an odd line, though also possible.
dýrðar ‘of glory’
(not checked:)
dýrð (noun f.; °-ar/-a(NoDipl(1279) 44²); -ir): glory
notes
[All]: Each helmingr contains an extended warrior-kenning which duplicates a referent (‘shield’ in the first and ‘battle’ in the second).
merki ‘sign’
(not checked:)
1. merki (noun n.; °-s: -): banner, sign
dolg ‘of the strife’
(not checked:)
dolg (noun n.): battle, enemy < dolgminnigr (adj.)
[2] dolg‑: so all others, dáð‑ Bb(112rb)
notes
[1, 2] dáðstyrk ... dolgminnigs ‘deed-strong ... strife-mindful’: (a) The ÓT reading adj. dáðstyrk ‘deed-strong’ in l. 1 qualifies merki ‘sign(s)’, and styrk : merki produce a regular skothending. The ÓT reading adj. dolgminnigs ‘strife-mindful’ in l. 2 qualifies the warrior-kenning. (b) The readings of the continuous Bb text, dreyrserks ‘of the blood-shirt, mail-shirt’ and dáðminnigs ‘deed-mindful’, could possibly make sense if taken together as ‘deed-mindful of the blood-shirt’, i.e. intent on great deeds in battle, with ‘mail-shirt’ as a metonym for battle. However, this is stylistically improbable. The reading ‑serks produces an aðalhending on merki, which is less regular in an odd line, though also possible.
minnigs ‘mindful’
(not checked:)
minnigr (adj.; °compar. minngari, superl. -astr/minngastr): mindful < dolgminnigr (adj.)
[2] ‑minnigs: ‑mennings 54, Bb(94vb), ‘‑mennis’ Flat
notes
[1, 2] dáðstyrk ... dolgminnigs ‘deed-strong ... strife-mindful’: (a) The ÓT reading adj. dáðstyrk ‘deed-strong’ in l. 1 qualifies merki ‘sign(s)’, and styrk : merki produce a regular skothending. The ÓT reading adj. dolgminnigs ‘strife-mindful’ in l. 2 qualifies the warrior-kenning. (b) The readings of the continuous Bb text, dreyrserks ‘of the blood-shirt, mail-shirt’ and dáðminnigs ‘deed-mindful’, could possibly make sense if taken together as ‘deed-mindful of the blood-shirt’, i.e. intent on great deeds in battle, with ‘mail-shirt’ as a metonym for battle. However, this is stylistically improbable. The reading ‑serks produces an aðalhending on merki, which is less regular in an odd line, though also possible.
inna ‘present’
(not checked:)
inna (verb): to pay, discharge, relate, tell; to announce, confirm
ský ‘of the cloud’
(not checked:)
ský (noun n.; °-s; -): cloud < skýbjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
ský ‘of the cloud’
(not checked:)
ský (noun n.; °-s; -): cloud < skýbjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
bjóðs ‘offerer’
(not checked:)
2. bjóðr (noun m.): inviter < skýbjóðr (noun m.)
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
skelfi ‘of the terrifying’
(not checked:)
skelfa (verb): cause to shake < skelfihríð (noun f.)
[3] skelfi‑: skjalfa 53, skelfur Flat
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
skelfi ‘of the terrifying’
(not checked:)
skelfa (verb): cause to shake < skelfihríð (noun f.)
[3] skelfi‑: skjalfa 53, skelfur Flat
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
skelfi ‘of the terrifying’
(not checked:)
skelfa (verb): cause to shake < skelfihríð (noun f.)
[3] skelfi‑: skjalfa 53, skelfur Flat
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
hríðar ‘storm’
(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm < skelfihríð (noun f.)
[3] ‑hríðar: so all others, ‘ridar’ Bb(112rb)
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
hríðar ‘storm’
(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm < skelfihríð (noun f.)
[3] ‑hríðar: so all others, ‘ridar’ Bb(112rb)
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
hríðar ‘storm’
(not checked:)
hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm < skelfihríð (noun f.)
[3] ‑hríðar: so all others, ‘ridar’ Bb(112rb)
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
Skǫglar ‘of Skǫgul’
(not checked:)
Skǫgul (noun f.): Skǫgul
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
Skǫglar ‘of Skǫgul’
(not checked:)
Skǫgul (noun f.): Skǫgul
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
Skǫglar ‘of Skǫgul’
(not checked:)
Skǫgul (noun f.): Skǫgul
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
Skǫglar ‘of Skǫgul’
(not checked:)
Skǫgul (noun f.): Skǫgul
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
borðs ‘of the board’
(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
borðs ‘of the board’
(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
borðs ‘of the board’
(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
borðs ‘of the board’
(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table
kennings
Skǫglar borðs skelfihríðar skýbjóðs.‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’
= WARRIOR
the board of Skǫgul. → SHIELD
the terrifying storm of the SHIELD → BATTLE
the cloud of the BATTLE → SHIELD
offerer of the SHIELD → WARRIOR
in ‘the’
(not checked:)
2. inn (art.): the
notes
[1, 4] in fjorðu merki ‘the fourth sign’: In st. 25 we hear of Óláfr performing two feats simultaneously, and in sts 26-8 of how he saved a man. These are possibly counted by the skald as three signs or miracles, to which a fourth is now added. The phrase is grammatically pl.
fjorðu ‘fourth’
(not checked:)
fjórði (num. ordinal): fourth
notes
[1, 4] in fjorðu merki ‘the fourth sign’: In st. 25 we hear of Óláfr performing two feats simultaneously, and in sts 26-8 of how he saved a man. These are possibly counted by the skald as three signs or miracles, to which a fourth is now added. The phrase is grammatically pl.
Harð ‘of the hard’
(not checked:)
harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh < harðleygr (noun m.)
[5] Harðleygs hrinda frôgum: hart skyndir nam hrinda 61, 53, 54, Bb(94vb), hoddskyndi frá hrinda Flat
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
Harð ‘of the hard’
(not checked:)
harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh < harðleygr (noun m.)
[5] Harðleygs hrinda frôgum: hart skyndir nam hrinda 61, 53, 54, Bb(94vb), hoddskyndi frá hrinda Flat
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
Harð ‘of the hard’
(not checked:)
harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh < harðleygr (noun m.)
[5] Harðleygs hrinda frôgum: hart skyndir nam hrinda 61, 53, 54, Bb(94vb), hoddskyndi frá hrinda Flat
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
leygs ‘flame’
(not checked:)
1. leygr (noun m.): flame < harðleygr (noun m.)
[5] Harðleygs hrinda frôgum: hart skyndir nam hrinda 61, 53, 54, Bb(94vb), hoddskyndi frá hrinda Flat
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
leygs ‘flame’
(not checked:)
1. leygr (noun m.): flame < harðleygr (noun m.)
[5] Harðleygs hrinda frôgum: hart skyndir nam hrinda 61, 53, 54, Bb(94vb), hoddskyndi frá hrinda Flat
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
leygs ‘flame’
(not checked:)
1. leygr (noun m.): flame < harðleygr (noun m.)
[5] Harðleygs hrinda frôgum: hart skyndir nam hrinda 61, 53, 54, Bb(94vb), hoddskyndi frá hrinda Flat
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
hrinda ‘threw’
(not checked:)
1. hrinda (verb): launch, propell
[5] Harðleygs hrinda frôgum: hart skyndir nam hrinda 61, 53, 54, Bb(94vb), hoddskyndi frá hrinda Flat
frôgum ‘We [I] have heard’
(not checked:)
1. fregna (verb): hear of
[5] Harðleygs hrinda frôgum: hart skyndir nam hrinda 61, 53, 54, Bb(94vb), hoddskyndi frá hrinda Flat
hvat ‘the bold-’
(not checked:)
hvatr (adj.; °-ari, -an; -astr): keen, brave < hvatlyndr (adj.)
lyndum ‘minded’
(not checked:)
lyndr (adj.; °superl. -astr): minded < hvatlyndr (adj.)
[6] ‑lyndum: skyndum 54, lyndr Flat
Þorkatli ‘Þorkell’
(not checked:)
Þórkell (noun m.): [Þorkell]
notes
[6] Þorkatli ‘Þorkell’: See Context and Note to [All] above.
styr ‘of the tumult’
(not checked:)
styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle < styrlundr (noun m.)
[7] styrlund*: styrlundr all
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[7] styrlund* ‘the tree of the tumult (lit. ‘tumult-tree’)’: This edn follows Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) in emending the Bb(112rb) reading styrlundr to the acc. sg. form -lund which is necessary to produce an inf. with acc. construction with (frôgum) hrinda, lit. ‘(we [I] have heard) to throw’.
styr ‘of the tumult’
(not checked:)
styrr (noun m.; °dat. -): battle < styrlundr (noun m.)
[7] styrlund*: styrlundr all
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[7] styrlund* ‘the tree of the tumult (lit. ‘tumult-tree’)’: This edn follows Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) in emending the Bb(112rb) reading styrlundr to the acc. sg. form -lund which is necessary to produce an inf. with acc. construction with (frôgum) hrinda, lit. ‘(we [I] have heard) to throw’.
lund* ‘the tree’
(not checked:)
1. lundr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ar): grove, tree < styrlundr (noun m.)
[7] styrlund*: styrlundr all
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
notes
[7] styrlund* ‘the tree of the tumult (lit. ‘tumult-tree’)’: This edn follows Konráð Gíslason (1895-7) in emending the Bb(112rb) reading styrlundr to the acc. sg. form -lund which is necessary to produce an inf. with acc. construction with (frôgum) hrinda, lit. ‘(we [I] have heard) to throw’.
stirðra ‘of rigid’
(not checked:)
stirðr (adj.): stiff
[7] stirðra: so 61, 53, ‘stidra’ Bb(112rb), stríðra 54, Bb(94vb), Flat
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
stirðra ‘of rigid’
(not checked:)
stirðr (adj.): stiff
[7] stirðra: so 61, 53, ‘stidra’ Bb(112rb), stríðra 54, Bb(94vb), Flat
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
stirðra ‘of rigid’
(not checked:)
stirðr (adj.): stiff
[7] stirðra: so 61, 53, ‘stidra’ Bb(112rb), stríðra 54, Bb(94vb), Flat
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
stirðra ‘of rigid’
(not checked:)
stirðr (adj.): stiff
[7] stirðra: so 61, 53, ‘stidra’ Bb(112rb), stríðra 54, Bb(94vb), Flat
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
branda ‘blades’
(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
branda ‘blades’
(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
branda ‘blades’
(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
branda ‘blades’
(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
kennings
stirðra branda storms harðleygs styrlund*‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’
= WARRIOR
the storm of rigid blades → BATTLE
the hard flame of the BATTLE → SWORD
the tumult of the SWORD → BATTLE
the tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR
fyr ‘over’
(not checked:)
fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
borð ‘board’
(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table
Ormi ‘Ormr (‘the Serpent’)’
(not checked:)
ormr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): serpent
notes
[8] Ormi ‘Ormr (“the Serpent”)’: See Note to st. 18/2.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
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Dáðstyrk dýrðar merki |
I will present the fourth deed-strong sign of glory of the strife-mindful offerer of the cloud of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul <valkyrie> [(lit. ‘cloud-offerer of the terrifying storm of the board of Skǫgul’) SHIELD > BATTLE > SHIELD > WARRIOR]. We [I] have heard that the tree of the tumult of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades [(lit. ‘tumult-tree of the hard flame of the storm of rigid blades’) BATTLE > SWORD > BATTLE > WARRIOR] threw the bold-minded Þorkell overboard from Ormr (‘the Serpent’).
One of Óláfr’s retainers, Þorkell dyðrill ‘Cloak’, is curious about the king’s whereabouts, as he leaves the ship every night. As a good-natured punishment Óláfr throws him overboard but drags him immediately back on board.
[5-8]: There are significant divergences between the versions of the second helmingr (cf. Readings), though the meaning they produce is roughly the same. Finnur Jónsson in Skj B (followed in essentials in Skald) construes the ÓT version as follows: stórlyndr skunduðr [ms. skyndir] storms stirðra branda nam hrinda hart hvatlyndum Þórkatli fyr borð af Ormi ‘the noble hastener of the storm of rigid blades [BATTLE > WARRIOR] sharply threw the quick-minded Þorkell overboard from Ormr’. As in the first helmingr, the kenning structure is simpler because ÓT has an adj., here stórlyndr ‘noble, great-minded’, where Bb(112rb) has a noun cpd (styrlundr, l. 7; see Note).
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