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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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HSt Rst 21I

Rolf Stavnem (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallar-Steinn, Rekstefja 21’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 921.

Hallar-SteinnRekstefja
202122

Ítr jarl einkar snarla
endr fimm skipum renndi
þrekmanns þriðja sinni
þremja storms at Ormi.
Ben lét — bǫrðusk ýtar —
brynskíðs viðum svíða
Hyrningr heiptargjǫrnum.
Hann vas ríkstr konungmanna.

Ítr jarl renndi endr einkar snarla fimm skipum þriðja sinni at Ormi þrekmanns {storms þremja}. Hyrningr lét ben svíða {heiptargjǫrnum viðum {brynskíðs}}; ýtar bǫrðusk. Hann vas ríkstr konungmanna …

The splendid jarl [Eiríkr] long ago extremely swiftly made five ships glide for the third time against the Ormr (‘Serpent’) belonging to the strong man {of the storm of swords} [BATTLE]. Hyrningr made wounds burn {on the vengeful trees {of the mail-shirt-ski}} [SWORD > WARRIORS]; men fought. He was the mightiest of royal men …

Mss: Bb(112ra); 61(68ra) (ll. 5-8), 53(64va) (ll. 1-4), 54(64va) (ll. 1-4), 54(65rb) (ll. 5-8), Bb(100rb) (ll. 1-4), Bb(101ra) (ll. 5-8), Flat(64vb) (ll. 1-4), Flat(65ra) (ll. 5-8) (ÓT)

Readings: [1] Ítr: þá er Flat;    snarla: ‘sniarla’ Bb(100rb)    [3] þrek‑: so 53, Flat, þess Bb(112ra), 54, Bb(100rb)    [4] þremja: so 53, Flat, þrenna Bb(112ra), 54, Bb(100rb)    [6] ‑skíðs: so 61, Flat, ‘‑skidiss’ Bb(112ra), 54, Bb(101ra)    [8] vas (‘var’): er 61, 54, Bb(101ra), Flat;    ríkstr: so 61, 54, Bb(101ra), fremstr Bb(112ra), æztr Flat;    konung‑: kóng 54, konungs Flat

Editions: Skj AI, 548-9, Skj BI, 530, Skald I, 258, NN §§1182, 2448A; ÓT 1958-2000, II, 272 (ch. 251), 278 (ch. 252), Flat 1860-8, I, 485, 488; SHI 3, 258-9, CPB II, 298, Wisén 1886-9, I, 48, Finnur Jónsson 1893b, 164, Konráð Gíslason 1895-7, I, 256-9.

Context: The first helmingr is quoted at the point where all of Óláfr’s ships have been cleared but for Ormr inn langi, which Eiríkr attacks with five ships. The second is quoted when Eiríkr boards the ship with his men, fights the brave Hyrningr, a kinsman-in-law of Óláfr, and is forced to retreat.

Notes: [3] þrekmanns ‘belonging to the strong man’: This, the reading of 53 and Flat, is also adopted in previous eds. Þrek- ‘strong’ is strictly the noun þrek n. ‘strength’. Þrekmanns is taken here as part of an informal gen. construction with storms þremja ‘of the storm of swords [BATTLE]’. The phrase could perhaps be read as a warrior-kenning, but it would not match known kenning patterns. The alternative reading, þess manns ‘of that man’, yields less good sense, and þess, being an article, would be a less suitable bearer of metrical stress.  — [3] þriðja sinni ‘for the third time’: Eiríkr’s advance is the third phase in the attack on Óláfr; cf. the Note to st. 21/6. — [4] storms þremja ‘of the storm of swords [BATTLE]’: The 53 reading þremja is adopted here, since þrenna ‘three, threefold’ is incomprehensible in context. For þremjar (f. pl.) ‘sword’, lit. perhaps ‘cutters’, see Note to st. 10/1. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) takes the battle-kenning with ítr ‘splendid’, hence ‘splendid in battle’ (cf., e.g., Anon Liðs 1/5 hugrakkir hlakkar ‘brave-minded in battle’). Konráð Gíslason (1895-7), Kock (NN §§1182, 2448A) and this edn instead take ítr with jarl ‘jarl’.  — [4] Ormi ‘the Ormr (“Serpent”)’: Óláfr’s famous longship; see Note to st. 18/2.  — [7] Hyrningr: Hyrningr and his brother Þorgeirr (no patronymic given) are portrayed in Hkr (ÍF 26, 302-3, 334-5, 348) as from Vík (Viken) and as kinsmen-in-law and close supporters of Óláfr. — [8]:  For this line of the refrain, see Note to st. 9/8. — [8] ríkstr ‘mightiest’: The reading of 61, 54, Bb(101ra); the refrain is suddenly altered in both Bb(112ra) and Flat, and although the meaning is similar, their readings are clearly errors.

References

  1. Bibliography
  2. Skj B = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1912-15b. Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning. B: Rettet tekst. 2 vols. Copenhagen: Villadsen & Christensen. Rpt. 1973. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger.
  3. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
  4. NN = Kock, Ernst Albin. 1923-44. Notationes Norrœnæ: Anteckningar till Edda och skaldediktning. Lunds Universitets årsskrift new ser. 1. 28 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
  5. CPB = Gudbrand Vigfusson [Guðbrandur Vigfússon] and F. York Powell, eds. 1883. Corpus poeticum boreale: The Poetry of the Old Northern Tongue from the Earliest Times to the Thirteenth Century. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon. Rpt. 1965, New York: Russell & Russell.
  6. Wisén, Theodor, ed. 1886-9. Carmina Norrœnæ: Ex reliquiis vetustioris norrœnæ poësis selecta, recognita, commentariis et glossario instructa. 2 vols. Lund: Ohlsson.
  7. Finnur Jónsson. 1893b. Carmina Norrœna: Rettet Tekst. Copenhagen: Nielsen & Lydiche.
  8. Flat 1860-8 = Gudbrand Vigfusson [Guðbrandur Vigfússon] and C. R. Unger, eds. 1860-8. Flateyjarbók. En samling af norske konge-sagaer med indskudte mindre fortællinger om begivenheder i og udenfor Norge samt annaler. 3 vols. Christiania (Oslo): Malling.
  9. ÍF 26-8 = Heimskringla. Ed. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson. 1941-51.
  10. Konráð Gíslason. 1895-7. Efterladte skrifter. 2 vols. I: Forelæsninger over oldnordiske skjaldekvad. II: Forelæsninger og videnskablige afhandlinger. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.
  11. ÓT 1958-2000 = Ólafur Halldórsson, ed. 1958-2000. Saga Óláfs Tryggvasonar en mesta. 3 vols. EA A 1-3. Copenhagen: Munksgaard (Reitzel).
  12. SHI = Sveinbjörn Egilsson, ed. 1828-46. Scripta historica islandorum de rebus gestis veterum borealium, latine reddita et apparatu critico instructa, curante Societate regia antiquariorum septentrionalium. 12 vols. Copenhagen: Popp etc. and London: John & Arthur Arch.
  13. Internal references
  14. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Heimskringla’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=4> (accessed 29 March 2024)
  15. Russell Poole (ed.) 2012, ‘Anonymous Poems, Liðsmannaflokkr 1’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1016.
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