Rolf Stavnem (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallar-Steinn, Rekstefja 21’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 921.
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jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl
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einkar (adv.): extremely
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endr (adv.): formerly, once, again
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fimm (num. cardinal): five
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skip (noun n.; °-s; -): ship
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3. renna (verb): let run (weak)
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þrek (noun n.): courage, strength < þrekmaðr (noun m.)
[3] þrek‑: so 53, Flat, þess Bb(112ra), 54, Bb(100rb)
[3] þrekmanns ‘belonging to the strong man’: This, the reading of 53 and Flat, is also adopted in previous eds. Þrek- ‘strong’ is strictly the noun þrek n. ‘strength’. Þrekmanns is taken here as part of an informal gen. construction with storms þremja ‘of the storm of swords [BATTLE]’. The phrase could perhaps be read as a warrior-kenning, but it would not match known kenning patterns. The alternative reading, þess manns ‘of that man’, yields less good sense, and þess, being an article, would be a less suitable bearer of metrical stress.
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maðr (noun m.): man, person < þrekmaðr (noun m.)
[3] þrekmanns ‘belonging to the strong man’: This, the reading of 53 and Flat, is also adopted in previous eds. Þrek- ‘strong’ is strictly the noun þrek n. ‘strength’. Þrekmanns is taken here as part of an informal gen. construction with storms þremja ‘of the storm of swords [BATTLE]’. The phrase could perhaps be read as a warrior-kenning, but it would not match known kenning patterns. The alternative reading, þess manns ‘of that man’, yields less good sense, and þess, being an article, would be a less suitable bearer of metrical stress.
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þriði (num. ordinal): third
[3] þriðja sinni ‘for the third time’: Eiríkr’s advance is the third phase in the attack on Óláfr; cf. the Note to st. 21/6.
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2. sinni (noun n.; °-s;): time, occasion; company, following
[3] þriðja sinni ‘for the third time’: Eiríkr’s advance is the third phase in the attack on Óláfr; cf. the Note to st. 21/6.
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þremjar (noun f.): parts of a sword?
[4] þremja: so 53, Flat, þrenna Bb(112ra), 54, Bb(100rb)
[4] storms þremja ‘of the storm of swords [BATTLE]’: The 53 reading þremja is adopted here, since þrenna ‘three, threefold’ is incomprehensible in context. For þremjar (f. pl.) ‘sword’, lit. perhaps ‘cutters’, see Note to st. 10/1. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) takes the battle-kenning with ítr ‘splendid’, hence ‘splendid in battle’ (cf., e.g., Anon Liðs 1/5 hugrakkir hlakkar ‘brave-minded in battle’). Konráð Gíslason (1895-7), Kock (NN §§1182, 2448A) and this edn instead take ítr with jarl ‘jarl’.
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stormr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): storm
[4] storms þremja ‘of the storm of swords [BATTLE]’: The 53 reading þremja is adopted here, since þrenna ‘three, threefold’ is incomprehensible in context. For þremjar (f. pl.) ‘sword’, lit. perhaps ‘cutters’, see Note to st. 10/1. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) takes the battle-kenning with ítr ‘splendid’, hence ‘splendid in battle’ (cf., e.g., Anon Liðs 1/5 hugrakkir hlakkar ‘brave-minded in battle’). Konráð Gíslason (1895-7), Kock (NN §§1182, 2448A) and this edn instead take ítr with jarl ‘jarl’.
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3. at (prep.): at, to
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ormr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): serpent
[4] Ormi ‘the Ormr (“Serpent”)’: Óláfr’s famous longship; see Note to st. 18/2.
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2. ben (noun n.; °-s; -): wound
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
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2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
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ýtr (noun m.): man; launcher
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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat < brynskíð (noun f.)
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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat < brynskíð (noun f.)
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skíð (noun n.; °; -): ski < brynskíð (noun f.)
[6] ‑skíðs: so 61, Flat, ‘‑skidiss’ Bb(112ra), 54, Bb(101ra)
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skíð (noun n.; °; -): ski < brynskíð (noun f.)
[6] ‑skíðs: so 61, Flat, ‘‑skidiss’ Bb(112ra), 54, Bb(101ra)
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1. viðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -u/-i): wood, tree
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1. svíða (verb): cause pain, burn
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hyrningr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): hyrningr
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heiftargjarn (adj.): vengeance-eager
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
[8]: For this line of the refrain, see Note to st. 9/8.
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[8] vas (‘var’): er 61, 54, Bb(101ra), Flat
[8]: For this line of the refrain, see Note to st. 9/8.
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ríkr (adj.): mighty, powerful, rich
[8] ríkstr: so 61, 54, Bb(101ra), fremstr Bb(112ra), æztr Flat
[8]: For this line of the refrain, see Note to st. 9/8. — [8] ríkstr ‘mightiest’: The reading of 61, 54, Bb(101ra); the refrain is suddenly altered in both Bb(112ra) and Flat, and although the meaning is similar, their readings are clearly errors.
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ríkr (adj.): mighty, powerful, rich
[8] ríkstr: so 61, 54, Bb(101ra), fremstr Bb(112ra), æztr Flat
[8]: For this line of the refrain, see Note to st. 9/8. — [8] ríkstr ‘mightiest’: The reading of 61, 54, Bb(101ra); the refrain is suddenly altered in both Bb(112ra) and Flat, and although the meaning is similar, their readings are clearly errors.
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king < konungmaðr (noun m.): king
[8] konung‑: kóng 54, konungs Flat
[8]: For this line of the refrain, see Note to st. 9/8.
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maðr (noun m.): man, person < konungmaðr (noun m.): king
[8]: For this line of the refrain, see Note to st. 9/8.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Ítr jarl einkar snarla |
The splendid jarl [Eiríkr] long ago extremely swiftly made five ships glide for the third time against the Ormr (‘Serpent’) belonging to the strong man of the storm of swords [BATTLE]. Hyrningr made wounds burn on the vengeful trees of the mail-shirt-ski [SWORD > WARRIORS]; men fought. He was the mightiest of royal men …
The first helmingr is quoted at the point where all of Óláfr’s ships have been cleared but for Ormr inn langi, which Eiríkr attacks with five ships. The second is quoted when Eiríkr boards the ship with his men, fights the brave Hyrningr, a kinsman-in-law of Óláfr, and is forced to retreat.
[7] Hyrningr: Hyrningr and his brother Þorgeirr (no patronymic given) are portrayed in Hkr (ÍF 26, 302-3, 334-5, 348) as from Vík (Viken) and as kinsmen-in-law and close supporters of Óláfr.
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