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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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HSt Rst 18^I

Rolf Stavnem (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallar-Steinn, Rekstefja 18’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 918.

Hallar-Steinn Rekstefja

Ǫrbragðs ‘of the arrow-flight’

(not checked:)
ǫrbragð (noun n.): [arrow-flight]

kennings

Ærir ǫrbragðs
‘The messengers of the arrow-flight ’
= WARRIORS
The messengers of the arrow-flight → WARRIORS

ærir ‘The messengers’

(not checked:)
1. árr (noun m.; °dat. ár; ǽrir/árar, acc. áru): messenger

[1] ærir: so Flat, œrit Bb(112ra), 54, Bb(99va), ‘errir’ 53, ‘eirir’ 325VIII 2 b

kennings

Ærir ǫrbragðs
‘The messengers of the arrow-flight ’
= WARRIORS
The messengers of the arrow-flight → WARRIORS

lǫgðu ‘attacked’

(not checked:)
leggja (verb): put, lay

annat ‘a second’

(not checked:)
1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second

sinn ‘time’

(not checked:)
2. sinn (noun n.; °?dat. -): time

[2] sinn at Linna: ‘o[…]’ 325VIII 2 b

at ‘with’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

[2] sinn at Linna: ‘o[…]’ 325VIII 2 b

Linna ‘Linni (‘Serpent’)’

(not checked:)
linni (noun m.): serpent

[2] sinn at Linna: ‘o[…]’ 325VIII 2 b

notes

[2] Linna ‘Linni (“Serpent”)’: Taken here as acc. sg. of linni, referring to Óláfr’s longship Ormr inn langi ‘the Long Serpent’, mentioned by name in sts 15/5, 19/4, 21/4, 22/4, 23/4 (variant to drekinn), 29/8. It is not certain whether Linni is to be thought of as a name or a common noun here. For the skalds’ use of word-play when referring to this famous vessel, see Note to Hfr ErfÓl 10/1, and for the ship, see Note to Hókr Eirfl 3/4. Linna could also be acc. pl. of weak linni or strong linnr (also meaning serpent) and would then refer to Óláfr’s two ships Ormr inn langi and Ormr inn skammi ‘the Short Serpent’.

grimmt ‘fierce’

(not checked:)
grimmr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): fierce

[3] grimmt: borð 325VIII 2 b, grjót Flat

varð ‘became’

(not checked:)
1. verða (verb): become, be

[3] varð: við 325VIII 2 b

Gǫndlar ‘of Gǫndul <valkyrie>’

(not checked:)
2. Gǫndul (noun f.): Gǫndul

[3] Gǫndlar: so 53, 54, 325VIII 2 b, ‘gvndlat’ Bb(112ra), Bb(99va), ‘gaunnlar’ Flat

kennings

gnaust borða Gǫndlar
‘the noise of the planks of Gǫndul <valkyrie> ’
= BATTLE
the planks of Gǫndul <valkyrie> → SHIELDS
the noise of SHIELDS → BATTLE

Gǫndlar ‘of Gǫndul <valkyrie>’

(not checked:)
2. Gǫndul (noun f.): Gǫndul

[3] Gǫndlar: so 53, 54, 325VIII 2 b, ‘gvndlat’ Bb(112ra), Bb(99va), ‘gaunnlar’ Flat

kennings

gnaust borða Gǫndlar
‘the noise of the planks of Gǫndul <valkyrie> ’
= BATTLE
the planks of Gǫndul <valkyrie> → SHIELDS
the noise of SHIELDS → BATTLE

borða ‘of the planks’

(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table

[3] borða: ‘borð[…]’ 325VIII 2 b

kennings

gnaust borða Gǫndlar
‘the noise of the planks of Gǫndul <valkyrie> ’
= BATTLE
the planks of Gǫndul <valkyrie> → SHIELDS
the noise of SHIELDS → BATTLE

borða ‘of the planks’

(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table

[3] borða: ‘borð[…]’ 325VIII 2 b

kennings

gnaust borða Gǫndlar
‘the noise of the planks of Gǫndul <valkyrie> ’
= BATTLE
the planks of Gǫndul <valkyrie> → SHIELDS
the noise of SHIELDS → BATTLE

gnaust ‘the noise’

(not checked:)
gnaust (noun n.): [noise]

[4] gnaust: ‘[…]aust’ 325VIII 2 b

kennings

gnaust borða Gǫndlar
‘the noise of the planks of Gǫndul <valkyrie> ’
= BATTLE
the planks of Gǫndul <valkyrie> → SHIELDS
the noise of SHIELDS → BATTLE

sextigum ‘sixty’

(not checked:)
sextigi (num. cardinal): [sixty]

[4] sextigum: lǫmðusk þar Flat

flausta ‘ships’

(not checked:)
flaust (noun n.): ship

Danskr ‘Danish’

(not checked:)
danskr (adj.): Danish

herr ‘army’

(not checked:)
herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host

[5] herr dýran: ‘[…]rann’ 325VIII 2 b

dýran ‘precious’

(not checked:)
dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious

[5] herr dýran: ‘[…]rann’ 325VIII 2 b

harra ‘ruler’

(not checked:)
1. harri (noun m.; °-a): lord

drótt ‘a troop’

(not checked:)
1. drótt (noun f.): troop

hné ‘fell’

(not checked:)
hníga (verb): sink, fall

[6] hné: ‘[…]’ 325VIII 2 b, hve Bb(99va)

mǫrg ‘Many’

(not checked:)
2. margr (adj.; °-an): many

[6] mǫrg: ‘[…]g’ 325VIII 2 b

þars ‘where’

(not checked:)
þars (conj.): where

sótti ‘attacked’

(not checked:)
sœkja (verb): seek, attack

[6] sótti: so 53, 54, 325VIII 2 b, Flat, sóttu Bb(112ra), Bb(99va)

hirð ‘the retinue’

(not checked:)
hirð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar(FskB 53)): retinue

[7] hirð: hríð 54, Bb(99va)

fell ‘fell’

(not checked:)
falla (verb): fall

[7] fell: ‘[…]’ 325VIII 2 b

hrafnar ‘ravens’

(not checked:)
hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven

[7] hrafnar: ‘[…]fn(ar)’(?) 325VIII 2 b, hafnar Bb(99va)

gullu ‘shrieked’

(not checked:)
gjalla (verb): to scream, shriek; to repay, return, pay for

[7] gullu: gullri 325VIII 2 b

Hann ‘He’

(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

vas ‘was’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

[8] vas (‘var’): er all others

ríkstr ‘the mightiest’

(not checked:)
ríkr (adj.): mighty, powerful, rich

[8] ríkstr: ‘rikzkzst’ 54, ‘rikzt[…]’ 325VIII 2 b

konung ‘of royal’

(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king < konungmaðr (noun m.): king

[8] konung‑: konungs 53, kóng 54, ‘[...]’ 325VIII 2 b

manna ‘men’

(not checked:)
maðr (noun m.): man, person < konungmaðr (noun m.): king

[8] ‑manna: ‘[...]’ 325VIII 2 b

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

The stanza is cited as a report of King Sveinn’s attack, with sixty ships, on Óláfr Tryggvason after Óláfr sœnski has retreated.

[5-6]: Unusually and awkwardly, the subject and object of the subordinate þars-clause precede both þars ‘where’ (cf. Gade 1995a, 177) and the main clause mǫrg drótt hné ‘many a troop fell’ (cf. Kuhn 1983, 190), but there is no obvious alternative. — [8]: For this line of the refrain, see Note to st. 9/8.

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