Refr Ferðv 3^III

En ‘But’

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2. en (conj.): but, and

sæ ‘of the sea’

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sjór (noun m.): sea < sægnípa (noun f.)

[1] sæ‑: snjá‑ U

kennings

sæ ‘of the sea’

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sjór (noun m.): sea < sægnípa (noun f.)

[1] sæ‑: snjá‑ U

kennings

gnípu ‘peak’

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1. gnípa (noun f.): peak < sægnípa (noun f.)

kennings

gnípu ‘peak’

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1. gnípa (noun f.): peak < sægnípa (noun f.)

kennings

Sleipnir ‘Sleipnir’

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Sleipnir (noun m.): Sleipnir

[1] Sleipnir: ‘sneipnir’ Tˣ

kennings

slítr ‘tears’

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slíta (verb): to tear

[2] slítr: slítr í U

notes

[2, 3, 4] slítr brjóst … ór munni hvítrar Ránar ‘tears its breast … out of the mouth of white Rán <sea-goddess>’: A metaphorical depiction of the ship as it re-emerges from the trough of a foaming wave, thus escaping from the jaws of the sea which threatens to swallow it. As in the previous stanza the sea appears as a cannibalistic monster. The description of Rán as hvítrar ‘white’ presumably refers to the white crests of waves.

úrdrifinn ‘the spray-spattered’

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úrdrifinn (adj./verb p.p.): [spray-spattered]

[2] úrdrifinn: vindriðinn Tˣ, U, B

kennings

notes

[2] úrdrifinn ‘spray-spattered’: The variant reading, vindriðinn ‘wind-ridden, wind-oppressed’ (mss Tˣ, U, B), is also possible.

hvítrar ‘of white’

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hvítr (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): white

[2] hvítrar: hvítum U, hvítar B

notes

[2, 3, 4] slítr brjóst … ór munni hvítrar Ránar ‘tears its breast … out of the mouth of white Rán <sea-goddess>’: A metaphorical depiction of the ship as it re-emerges from the trough of a foaming wave, thus escaping from the jaws of the sea which threatens to swallow it. As in the previous stanza the sea appears as a cannibalistic monster. The description of Rán as hvítrar ‘white’ presumably refers to the white crests of waves.

Ránar ‘Rán’

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Rán (noun f.): Rán

notes

[2, 3, 4] slítr brjóst … ór munni hvítrar Ránar ‘tears its breast … out of the mouth of white Rán <sea-goddess>’: A metaphorical depiction of the ship as it re-emerges from the trough of a foaming wave, thus escaping from the jaws of the sea which threatens to swallow it. As in the previous stanza the sea appears as a cannibalistic monster. The description of Rán as hvítrar ‘white’ presumably refers to the white crests of waves.

rauðum ‘with red’

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rauðr (adj.; °compar. -ari): red

[3] rauðum: ‘raþum’ Tˣ

notes

[3-4] runnit rauðum steini ‘covered with red paint’: There are some indications that ships were painted: glæsidýr lauks … fagrdrifin steini ‘the splendid beasts of the mast [SHIPS] … beautifully covered with colour’ (Þfagr Sveinn 3/5, 6-7^II and Note); steinnǫkkva (Hallm Hallkv 9/5^V (Bergb 9)) is presumably not a stone ship but a painted ship; possibly also Þhorn Gldr 2/6, 8^I. See also the section on heiti for ‘stone’ in LaufE 1979, 307: item söl, birti, prydi, skipa eda böka (þui bækur eru lystar, skip steind ‘also sun, brightness, adornments on ships or books (because books are illuminated and ships [are] painted’. See also HSt Frag 6 Context and Note to l. 3 there.

steini ‘paint’

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steinn (noun m.; °steins; steinar): stone, colour

[3] steini: so all others, ‘steni’ R

notes

[3-4] runnit rauðum steini ‘covered with red paint’: There are some indications that ships were painted: glæsidýr lauks … fagrdrifin steini ‘the splendid beasts of the mast [SHIPS] … beautifully covered with colour’ (Þfagr Sveinn 3/5, 6-7^II and Note); steinnǫkkva (Hallm Hallkv 9/5^V (Bergb 9)) is presumably not a stone ship but a painted ship; possibly also Þhorn Gldr 2/6, 8^I. See also the section on heiti for ‘stone’ in LaufE 1979, 307: item söl, birti, prydi, skipa eda böka (þui bækur eru lystar, skip steind ‘also sun, brightness, adornments on ships or books (because books are illuminated and ships [are] painted’. See also HSt Frag 6 Context and Note to l. 3 there.

runnit ‘covered’

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2. renna (verb): run (strong)

[4] runnit: ‘r[…]it’ B, runnit 744ˣ

notes

[3-4] runnit rauðum steini ‘covered with red paint’: There are some indications that ships were painted: glæsidýr lauks … fagrdrifin steini ‘the splendid beasts of the mast [SHIPS] … beautifully covered with colour’ (Þfagr Sveinn 3/5, 6-7^II and Note); steinnǫkkva (Hallm Hallkv 9/5^V (Bergb 9)) is presumably not a stone ship but a painted ship; possibly also Þhorn Gldr 2/6, 8^I. See also the section on heiti for ‘stone’ in LaufE 1979, 307: item söl, birti, prydi, skipa eda böka (þui bækur eru lystar, skip steind ‘also sun, brightness, adornments on ships or books (because books are illuminated and ships [are] painted’. See also HSt Frag 6 Context and Note to l. 3 there.

brjóst ‘its breast’

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brjóst (noun n.; °-s; -): breast, chest

[4] brjóst: brjót U, hjarta 2368ˣ, 743ˣ

notes

[2, 3, 4] slítr brjóst … ór munni hvítrar Ránar ‘tears its breast … out of the mouth of white Rán <sea-goddess>’: A metaphorical depiction of the ship as it re-emerges from the trough of a foaming wave, thus escaping from the jaws of the sea which threatens to swallow it. As in the previous stanza the sea appears as a cannibalistic monster. The description of Rán as hvítrar ‘white’ presumably refers to the white crests of waves.

ór ‘out of’

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3. ór (prep.): out of

[4] ór: ‘[…]’ B, ór 744ˣ

notes

[2, 3, 4] slítr brjóst … ór munni hvítrar Ránar ‘tears its breast … out of the mouth of white Rán <sea-goddess>’: A metaphorical depiction of the ship as it re-emerges from the trough of a foaming wave, thus escaping from the jaws of the sea which threatens to swallow it. As in the previous stanza the sea appears as a cannibalistic monster. The description of Rán as hvítrar ‘white’ presumably refers to the white crests of waves.

munni ‘the mouth’

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munnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): mouth

notes

[2, 3, 4] slítr brjóst … ór munni hvítrar Ránar ‘tears its breast … out of the mouth of white Rán <sea-goddess>’: A metaphorical depiction of the ship as it re-emerges from the trough of a foaming wave, thus escaping from the jaws of the sea which threatens to swallow it. As in the previous stanza the sea appears as a cannibalistic monster. The description of Rán as hvítrar ‘white’ presumably refers to the white crests of waves.