Refr Ferðv 1III
Edith Marold (ed.) 2017, ‘Hofgarða-Refr Gestsson, Ferðavísur 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 244.
Vág ‘wave’
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vágr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): sea, wave < vágþrýstr (adj./verb p.p.)
þrýsta ‘pressed’
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þrýsta (verb): crush, press, thrust < vágþrýstr (adj./verb p.p.)
[1] ‑þrýsta: ‑þeysta Tˣ, W, U, ‘þ[…]ysta’ B, ‘þrysta’ 744ˣ
vestan ‘from the west’
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vestan (prep.): from the west
fyr ‘before’
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
brandi ‘the prow’
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brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
[2] brandi: landi B
hval ‘the whale’
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hvalr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ir/-ar): whale < hvalmœnir (noun m.)
kennings
hvalmœni;‘the whale-ridge; ’
= SEA
the whale-ridge; → SEA
mœni ‘ridge’
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mœnir (noun m.; °-s): [roof-ridge, ridge] < hvalmœnir (noun m.)
[3] ‑mœni: so Tˣ, W, B, ‑muni R, ‘‑mæris’ U
kennings
hvalmœni;‘the whale-ridge; ’
= SEA
the whale-ridge; → SEA
kennings
Hógdýr húna‘The gentle animal of mast-tops ’
= SHIP
The gentle animal of mast-tops → SHIP
hóg ‘The gentle’
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hógr (adj.): comfortable < hógdýr (noun n.)
[4] hóg‑: hug‑ Tˣ, W, B, há U
kennings
Hógdýr húna‘The gentle animal of mast-tops ’
= SHIP
The gentle animal of mast-tops → SHIP
dýr ‘animal’
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1. dýr (noun n.; °-s (spec.: dyʀiɴs KonrA 66⁴, etc., cf. Seip 1955 188-189); -): animal < hógdýr (noun n.)
kennings
Hógdýr húna‘The gentle animal of mast-tops ’
= SHIP
The gentle animal of mast-tops → SHIP
of ‘over’
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3. of (prep.): around, from; too
lǫg ‘the sea’
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lǫgr (noun m.; °lagar, dat. legi): sea
bógu ‘shoulders’
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bógr (noun m.; °dat. bǿgi; bǿgir, acc. bógu): shoulder
[4] bógu: báru U, bugu B
notes
[4] bógu ‘shoulders’: The metaphorical depiction of the ship as an animal in the base-word of the kenning ‘animal of mast-tops’ is continued here by referring to the ship’s bow as the shoulders of the animal.
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This stanza is cited in Skm (SnE) among stanzas exemplifying sea-kennings.
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