Russell Poole (ed.) 2017, ‘Breta saga 34 (Gunnlaugr Leifsson, Merlínusspá II 34)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 164.
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2. draga (verb; °dregr; dró, drógu; dreginn/droget(Hirð NKS 1642 4° 146v²⁹; cf. [$962$])): drag, pull, draw
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él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm
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yfir (prep.): over
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ógn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): terror, battle
[2] ógnar ljóma ‘of the light of terror [SWORD]’: De Vries (1964-7, II, 75 n. 180) compares HHund I 21/6.
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ógn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): terror, battle
[2] ógnar ljóma ‘of the light of terror [SWORD]’: De Vries (1964-7, II, 75 n. 180) compares HHund I 21/6.
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ljómi (noun m.; °-a): light, beam
[2] ógnar ljóma ‘of the light of terror [SWORD]’: De Vries (1964-7, II, 75 n. 180) compares HHund I 21/6.
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ljómi (noun m.; °-a): light, beam
[2] ógnar ljóma ‘of the light of terror [SWORD]’: De Vries (1964-7, II, 75 n. 180) compares HHund I 21/6.
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1. gera (verb): do, make
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drjúgr (adj.; °compar. -ari (drýgari [$1033$] ms. 56v, superl. -astr): very, excessive
[3-4] drjúgan dyn dýrra malma ‘a mighty din of precious weapons’: This phrase could be construed as a battle-kenning but is here taken as a literal description of the noise of battle, dependent on the metaphorical battle-kenning él ljóma ógnar ‘a blizzard of the light of terror [SWORD > BATTLE]’ (ll. 1-2), in which the base-word él ‘blizzard’ is said to blow and cause the din of weapons.
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dynr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): din
[3-4] drjúgan dyn dýrra malma ‘a mighty din of precious weapons’: This phrase could be construed as a battle-kenning but is here taken as a literal description of the noise of battle, dependent on the metaphorical battle-kenning él ljóma ógnar ‘a blizzard of the light of terror [SWORD > BATTLE]’ (ll. 1-2), in which the base-word él ‘blizzard’ is said to blow and cause the din of weapons.
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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious
[3-4] drjúgan dyn dýrra malma ‘a mighty din of precious weapons’: This phrase could be construed as a battle-kenning but is here taken as a literal description of the noise of battle, dependent on the metaphorical battle-kenning él ljóma ógnar ‘a blizzard of the light of terror [SWORD > BATTLE]’ (ll. 1-2), in which the base-word él ‘blizzard’ is said to blow and cause the din of weapons.
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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal
[3-4] drjúgan dyn dýrra malma ‘a mighty din of precious weapons’: This phrase could be construed as a battle-kenning but is here taken as a literal description of the noise of battle, dependent on the metaphorical battle-kenning él ljóma ógnar ‘a blizzard of the light of terror [SWORD > BATTLE]’ (ll. 1-2), in which the base-word él ‘blizzard’ is said to blow and cause the din of weapons.
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gnýr (noun m.): din, tumult
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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3. á (prep.): on, at
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glæstr (adj./verb p.p.): adorned, shining, splendid
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2. Gǫndul (noun f.): Gǫndul
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himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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í (prep.): in, into
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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
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hlǫm (noun f.)
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2. Hlǫkk (noun f.): Hlǫkk
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tjald (noun n.; °-s; *-): tent, awning
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skjólsamr (adj.)
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Skǫgul (noun f.): Skǫgul
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kápa (noun f.; °-u; -ur): [capes]
[10] kápur ‘capes’: This noun appears rarely in skaldic poetry, but note the similar mail-shirt-kenning kápa Sköglar ‘the cloak of Skǫgul <valkyrie>’ in Anon Krm 18/9.
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1. hrjóta (verb): fling, fly
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hagl (noun n.; °-s; dat. *-um): hail
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bogi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): bow
[12] hlíf í: ‘hlift’ refreshed from ‘hlif i’ Hb
[12] hlíf í gegnum ‘through armour’: The original reading of Hb, apparently hlíf í, is here assumed to be correct, following Merl 2012. The use of the sg. noun to denote armour in general is similar to sg. himni in the shield-kenning in l. 6. Previous eds, following Bret 1848-9, unnecessarily generate a pl. noun by emending to hlífar ‘armour’ (lit. ‘items of armour’), where hlífar would be acc. pl. The emendation of ms. ‘gegnari’ to gegnum was made by Bret 1848-9 and has been adopted by all subsequent eds.
[12] hlíf í: ‘hlift’ refreshed from ‘hlif i’ Hb
[12] hlíf í gegnum ‘through armour’: The original reading of Hb, apparently hlíf í, is here assumed to be correct, following Merl 2012. The use of the sg. noun to denote armour in general is similar to sg. himni in the shield-kenning in l. 6. Previous eds, following Bret 1848-9, unnecessarily generate a pl. noun by emending to hlífar ‘armour’ (lit. ‘items of armour’), where hlífar would be acc. pl. The emendation of ms. ‘gegnari’ to gegnum was made by Bret 1848-9 and has been adopted by all subsequent eds.
[12] hlíf í gegnum ‘through armour’: The original reading of Hb, apparently hlíf í, is here assumed to be correct, following Merl 2012. The use of the sg. noun to denote armour in general is similar to sg. himni in the shield-kenning in l. 6. Previous eds, following Bret 1848-9, unnecessarily generate a pl. noun by emending to hlífar ‘armour’ (lit. ‘items of armour’), where hlífar would be acc. pl. The emendation of ms. ‘gegnari’ to gegnum was made by Bret 1848-9 and has been adopted by all subsequent eds.
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‘Dregr él yfir |
‘A blizzard of the light of terror [SWORD > BATTLE] is blowing; it causes a mighty din of precious weapons. There is a clashing on the shining heaven of Gǫndul <valkyrie> [SHIELD] and a thudding against the tough awnings of Hlǫkk <valkyrie> [SHIELDS]. The capes of Skǫgul <valkyrie> [MAIL-SHIRTS] are not protective; the hail of bows [ARROWS] pierces through armour.
See Note to II 31 [All].
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