Guðl Lv 1III
Tarrin Wills (ed.) 2017, ‘Guðlaugr, Lausavísa 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 200.
Hrǫkk ‘recoiled’
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1. hrøkkva (verb): coil
at ‘At’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
Haugabrekku ‘Haugabrekka’
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Haugabrekka (noun f.): Haugabrekka
notes
[1] Haugabrekku ‘Haugabrekka’: A farm on the north side of the Snæfellsness peninsula (TGT 1927, 99). Eyrbyggja saga (ÍF 4, 107) refers to a gathering at this location where a fight takes place, but the name Halldórr is not mentioned. Finnur Jónsson (TGT 1927, 99) speculates on whether the stanza refers to this occasion.
hóts ‘a great deal’
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2. hót (noun n.; °; -): a bit
meirr ‘more’
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meirr (adv.): more
en ‘than’
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4. en (conj.): than
til ‘’
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til (prep.): to
gátum ‘we expected’
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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love
fyr ‘before’
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
hyr ‘of the fire’
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hyrr (noun m.): fire < hyrgœði (noun m.)
[3] hyrgœði: corrected from ‘hæyrgæði’ A, hyrboði W
kennings
hríðar hyrgœði.‘fire-increaser of battle’
= WARRIOR
the fire of battle. → SWORD
the increaser of the SWORD → WARRIOR
notes
[3] hyrgœði hríðar ‘the increaser of the fire of battle [(lit. ‘fire-increaser of battle’) SWORD > WARRIOR]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, 188) and most subsequent eds emend hyr- to hjǫr- ‘sword-’ to create a battle-kenning; however, hríð can refer to battle by itself (cf. Þul Orrostu 2/7), and can therefore function as a determinant in a sword-kenning, as Kock intimates (NN §994). However, it is possible that, by citing the kenning as cacosyntheton, Óláfr himself considered the kenning as a whole incorrect, rather than the inverted arrangement of its elements.
hyr ‘of the fire’
(not checked:)
hyrr (noun m.): fire < hyrgœði (noun m.)
[3] hyrgœði: corrected from ‘hæyrgæði’ A, hyrboði W
kennings
hríðar hyrgœði.‘fire-increaser of battle’
= WARRIOR
the fire of battle. → SWORD
the increaser of the SWORD → WARRIOR
notes
[3] hyrgœði hríðar ‘the increaser of the fire of battle [(lit. ‘fire-increaser of battle’) SWORD > WARRIOR]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, 188) and most subsequent eds emend hyr- to hjǫr- ‘sword-’ to create a battle-kenning; however, hríð can refer to battle by itself (cf. Þul Orrostu 2/7), and can therefore function as a determinant in a sword-kenning, as Kock intimates (NN §994). However, it is possible that, by citing the kenning as cacosyntheton, Óláfr himself considered the kenning as a whole incorrect, rather than the inverted arrangement of its elements.
boði ‘///’
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boði (noun m.; °-a; -ar): messenger, breaker
gœði ‘the increaser’
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gœðir (noun m.): strengthener, increaser < hyrgœði (noun m.)
[3] hyrgœði: corrected from ‘hæyrgæði’ A, hyrboði W
kennings
hríðar hyrgœði.‘fire-increaser of battle’
= WARRIOR
the fire of battle. → SWORD
the increaser of the SWORD → WARRIOR
notes
[3] hyrgœði hríðar ‘the increaser of the fire of battle [(lit. ‘fire-increaser of battle’) SWORD > WARRIOR]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, 188) and most subsequent eds emend hyr- to hjǫr- ‘sword-’ to create a battle-kenning; however, hríð can refer to battle by itself (cf. Þul Orrostu 2/7), and can therefore function as a determinant in a sword-kenning, as Kock intimates (NN §994). However, it is possible that, by citing the kenning as cacosyntheton, Óláfr himself considered the kenning as a whole incorrect, rather than the inverted arrangement of its elements.
kennings
hríðar hyrgœði.‘fire-increaser of battle’
= WARRIOR
the fire of battle. → SWORD
the increaser of the SWORD → WARRIOR
notes
[3] hyrgœði hríðar ‘the increaser of the fire of battle [(lit. ‘fire-increaser of battle’) SWORD > WARRIOR]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, 188) and most subsequent eds emend hyr- to hjǫr- ‘sword-’ to create a battle-kenning; however, hríð can refer to battle by itself (cf. Þul Orrostu 2/7), and can therefore function as a determinant in a sword-kenning, as Kock intimates (NN §994). However, it is possible that, by citing the kenning as cacosyntheton, Óláfr himself considered the kenning as a whole incorrect, rather than the inverted arrangement of its elements.
kennings
hríðar hyrgœði.‘fire-increaser of battle’
= WARRIOR
the fire of battle. → SWORD
the increaser of the SWORD → WARRIOR
notes
[3] hyrgœði hríðar ‘the increaser of the fire of battle [(lit. ‘fire-increaser of battle’) SWORD > WARRIOR]’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, 188) and most subsequent eds emend hyr- to hjǫr- ‘sword-’ to create a battle-kenning; however, hríð can refer to battle by itself (cf. Þul Orrostu 2/7), and can therefore function as a determinant in a sword-kenning, as Kock intimates (NN §994). However, it is possible that, by citing the kenning as cacosyntheton, Óláfr himself considered the kenning as a whole incorrect, rather than the inverted arrangement of its elements.
í ‘in’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
notes
[4] í bug skjaldi ‘in the hollow of the shield’: This phrase occurs in the same position in Hharð Lv 14/4II (see also RvHbreiðm Hl 58/4). To hide in the hollow of one’s shield during a fight was considered an act of cowardice.
bug ‘the hollow’
(not checked:)
bugr (noun m.; °dat. -/-i): hollow, bend
notes
[4] í bug skjaldi ‘in the hollow of the shield’: This phrase occurs in the same position in Hharð Lv 14/4II (see also RvHbreiðm Hl 58/4). To hide in the hollow of one’s shield during a fight was considered an act of cowardice.
skjaldi ‘of the shield’
(not checked:)
skjǫldr (noun m.; °skjaldar/skildar, dat. skildi; skildir, acc. skjǫldu): shield
notes
[4] í bug skjaldi ‘in the hollow of the shield’: This phrase occurs in the same position in Hharð Lv 14/4II (see also RvHbreiðm Hl 58/4). To hide in the hollow of one’s shield during a fight was considered an act of cowardice.
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This helmingr is cited as an example of cacosyntheton or faulty juxtaposition of words, as shown by the inverted kenning in l. 3.
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