Grani Har 2II
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Grani skáld, Poem about Haraldr harðráði 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 298-9.
fekk ‘gave’
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
at ‘to’
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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
drekka ‘drink’
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2. drekka (verb; °drekkr; drakk, drukku; drukkinn/drykkinn): drink
danskt ‘Danish’
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danskr (adj.): Danish
blóð ‘blood’
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blóð (noun n.; °-s): blood
ara ‘of eagles’
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1. ari (noun m.; °-a; -ar): eagle
jóði ‘the brood’
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jóð (noun n.): child, offspring
hirð ‘for the retinue’
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hirð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar(FskB 53)): retinue
[3] hirð: so A, B, hríð Mork, hǫrð H, Hr
kennings
hirð Hugins‘for the retinue of Huginn ’
= RAVENS
for the retinue of Huginn → RAVENS
notes
[3, 4] hirð Hugins ‘for the retinue of Huginn <raven> [RAVENS]’: This is an unusual kenning for ‘ravens’, because such circumscriptions normally have a base-word that is a kinship term (see Meissner 119; but see ferð gylðis ‘the company of the wolf’ in ESk Run 9/2). However, hirð Hugins ‘the retinue of Huginn’ neatly parallels jóði ara ‘the brood of eagles’ (l. 2) and ætt arnar ‘the kin of the eagle’ (l. 5). Earlier eds construe Hugins with jól (jól Hugins ‘yule-feast of Huginn’), which could be taken quite literally (Haraldr fed the ravens) or else as a kenning for ‘carrion’ (so SnE 1998, II, 480). Huginn was one of Óðinn’s ravens (see SnE 1998, I, 91).
gerðu ‘prepared’
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1. gera (verb): do, make
[3] gerðu: gerði Hr, stýrðu A, 744ˣ, ‘st[…]’ B
Hugins ‘of Huginn’
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1. Huginn (noun m.): Huginn
[4] Hugins jól við ‑nes: ‘[…]’ B, ‘hugins hiol ' es’ 744ˣ
kennings
hirð Hugins‘for the retinue of Huginn ’
= RAVENS
for the retinue of Huginn → RAVENS
notes
[3, 4] hirð Hugins ‘for the retinue of Huginn <raven> [RAVENS]’: This is an unusual kenning for ‘ravens’, because such circumscriptions normally have a base-word that is a kinship term (see Meissner 119; but see ferð gylðis ‘the company of the wolf’ in ESk Run 9/2). However, hirð Hugins ‘the retinue of Huginn’ neatly parallels jóði ara ‘the brood of eagles’ (l. 2) and ætt arnar ‘the kin of the eagle’ (l. 5). Earlier eds construe Hugins with jól (jól Hugins ‘yule-feast of Huginn’), which could be taken quite literally (Haraldr fed the ravens) or else as a kenning for ‘carrion’ (so SnE 1998, II, 480). Huginn was one of Óðinn’s ravens (see SnE 1998, I, 91).
jól ‘a yule-feast’
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jól (noun n.; °; -): midwinter feast
[4] Hugins jól við ‑nes: ‘[…]’ B, ‘hugins hiol ' es’ 744ˣ
við ‘by’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
[4] Hugins jól við ‑nes: ‘[…]’ B, ‘hugins hiol ' es’ 744ˣ
nes ‘nes’
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nes (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): headland < Þjólarnes (noun n.)
[4] Hugins jól við ‑nes: ‘[…]’ B, ‘hugins hiol ' es’ 744ˣ
Þjólar ‘Þjólar’
[4] Þjólar‑: þjóðar B
Ætt ‘the kin’
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1. ætt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): family
spornaði ‘trod’
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2. sporna (verb): tread
arnar ‘of the eagle’
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1. ǫrn (noun m.; °arnar, dat. erni; ernir, acc. ǫrnu): eagle
allvítt ‘Far and wide’
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allvítt (adv.): far and wide
valfalli ‘the fallen carrion’
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valfall (noun n.): slaughter
hold ‘the flesh’
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hold (noun n.; °-s; -): flesh
át ‘ate’
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2. eta (verb; °; -ur): eat
sem ‘as’
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sem (conj.): as, which
vildi ‘it pleased’
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vilja (verb): want, intend
Jóta ‘of the Jótar’
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Jóti (noun m.; °; -ar): one of the Jótar
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
In Mork and H-Hr this st. follows st. 1 above. In SnE the first two ll. illustrate that dǫglingr lit. ‘descendant of the legendary king Dagr’ is a heiti for ‘ruler, dignitary’.
For this campaign, see Note to st. 1 [All] above. — [1-4]: Because B is difficult to read, AM 744 4°ˣ (744ˣ), an early C18th copy of B by Jón Ólafsson, has been consulted selectively. — [3]: This l. has significant variants. (a) The present edn follows the Mork version but replaces hríð ‘storm, onslaught’ (l. 3) (so Mork) with hirð (f. dat. sg.) ‘retinue’ (so A, B), which restores the internal rhyme (-irð- : ‑erð-) and retains the imagery from ll. 1-2 of Haraldr preparing a feast of carrion for the beasts of battle. It looks as though <ri> in Mork is a misreading of the original abbreviation for <ir>. The H and Hr versions (hǫrð veitk hilmi gerðu ‘I know that the leader performed harsh’ (so H); hǫrð verk hilmir gerði ‘the leader performed harsh deeds’ (so Hr)) are secondary and must represent attempts to restore the missing internal rhyme (see Louis-Jensen 1977, 153). (b) A and B provide stýrðu lit. ‘controlled, ruled, possessed’ (l. 3) for Mork’s gerðu (past inf.) ‘prepared, made’. The syntax of the resulting cl. is not clear. Faulkes (SnE 1998, I, 222, II, 404-5) suggests that stýra (stýrðu past inf.) here means ‘prepare’ although the verb is otherwise not attested in that meaning (see Fritzner: stýra; LP: stýra). Furthermore, stýra is regularly construed with a dat. object (see NS §102.e), and jól ‘yule-feast’ (l. 4) is n. acc. pl. (c) Skj B (and Skald) emends hilmi (m. dat. or acc. sg.) ‘the leader’ to hilmis (m. gen. sg.) qualifying hirð ‘retinue’ (l. 3), taken as f. acc. sg.: hykk hirð hilmis gerðu hugins jól translated as jeg ved, at kongens hird foranstaltede en fest for ravnen ‘I know that the king’s retinue prepared a feast for the raven’ (ll. 3-4). This reading entails an emendation that goes against all ms. witnesses and shifts the focus from Haraldr to his retinue. (d) Another possible reading would be hykk hirð gerðu hilmi jól Hugins ‘I believe the retinue prepared the yule-feast of Huginn (i.e. ‘carrion’) for the ruler’, but again, this interpretation destroys the otherwise consistently applied imagery of Haraldr preparing a feast for the beasts of battle.
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