Grani Har 1II
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Grani skáld, Poem about Haraldr harðráði 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 296-7.
Lét ‘let’
(not checked:)
láta (verb): let, have sth done
notes
[1, 4] lét aldrigi brô … þorna ‘never let the eyelashes … get dry’: I.e. Haraldr captured her and her sisters and she never stopped weeping. For the possible mistreatment of females of the conquered population by victorious vikings, see Note to ÞjóðA Magn 7/5, 6, Valg Har 3, 9 and Hskv Útdr 5.
aldrigi ‘never’
(not checked:)
aldrigi (adv.): never
notes
[1, 4] lét aldrigi brô … þorna ‘never let the eyelashes … get dry’: I.e. Haraldr captured her and her sisters and she never stopped weeping. For the possible mistreatment of females of the conquered population by victorious vikings, see Note to ÞjóðA Magn 7/5, 6, Valg Har 3, 9 and Hskv Útdr 5.
ósvífr ‘The reckless one’
(not checked:)
2. ósvífr (adj.): relentless, reckless
[2] ósvífr: ‘osuifis’ Flat
notes
[2] ósvífr (m. nom. sg.) ‘the reckless one’: ÍF 29 takes this adj. as a f. nom. sg. qualifying Hlǫkk and suggests the following reading: ósvífr Kraka drífu Hlǫkk lét aldrigi þorna br ‘the reckless Hlǫkk of Kraki’s snow-drift never let the eyelashes get dry’ (ÍF 29, 252-3; see also ÍF 28, 111 n.), which is possible. However, Hlǫkk is sg. (f. dat. sg.; dat. of possession) and both ÍF 29 and ÍF 28 follow Skj B in translating the woman-kenning as pl.
kennings
Hlǫkk drífu Kraka‘of the Hlǫkk of Kraki’s snow-drift ’
= WOMAN
Kraki’s snow-drift → GOLD
the Hlǫkk of the GOLD → WOMAN
notes
[2] drífu Kraka ‘Kraki’s <legendary king’s> snow-drift [GOLD]’: Hrólfr kraki ‘Pole-ladder’ was a legendary Dan. king. The kenning refers to the episode in which Hrólfr, pursued by the Swedes, threw gold on the ground to distract his enemies (see SnE 1998, I, 58-9). For a similar ruse employed by Haraldr harðráði, see Þfagr Sveinn 8. Usually kennings with ‘snow’ or ‘ice’ as a base-word denote ‘silver’, but in this particular case the legendary associations establish that ‘gold’ is meant.
kennings
Hlǫkk drífu Kraka‘of the Hlǫkk of Kraki’s snow-drift ’
= WOMAN
Kraki’s snow-drift → GOLD
the Hlǫkk of the GOLD → WOMAN
notes
[2] drífu Kraka ‘Kraki’s <legendary king’s> snow-drift [GOLD]’: Hrólfr kraki ‘Pole-ladder’ was a legendary Dan. king. The kenning refers to the episode in which Hrólfr, pursued by the Swedes, threw gold on the ground to distract his enemies (see SnE 1998, I, 58-9). For a similar ruse employed by Haraldr harðráði, see Þfagr Sveinn 8. Usually kennings with ‘snow’ or ‘ice’ as a base-word denote ‘silver’, but in this particular case the legendary associations establish that ‘gold’ is meant.
drífu ‘snow-drift’
(not checked:)
1. drífa (noun f.; °-u): snow-storm
kennings
Hlǫkk drífu Kraka‘of the Hlǫkk of Kraki’s snow-drift ’
= WOMAN
Kraki’s snow-drift → GOLD
the Hlǫkk of the GOLD → WOMAN
notes
[2] drífu Kraka ‘Kraki’s <legendary king’s> snow-drift [GOLD]’: Hrólfr kraki ‘Pole-ladder’ was a legendary Dan. king. The kenning refers to the episode in which Hrólfr, pursued by the Swedes, threw gold on the ground to distract his enemies (see SnE 1998, I, 58-9). For a similar ruse employed by Haraldr harðráði, see Þfagr Sveinn 8. Usually kennings with ‘snow’ or ‘ice’ as a base-word denote ‘silver’, but in this particular case the legendary associations establish that ‘gold’ is meant.
drífu ‘snow-drift’
(not checked:)
1. drífa (noun f.; °-u): snow-storm
kennings
Hlǫkk drífu Kraka‘of the Hlǫkk of Kraki’s snow-drift ’
= WOMAN
Kraki’s snow-drift → GOLD
the Hlǫkk of the GOLD → WOMAN
notes
[2] drífu Kraka ‘Kraki’s <legendary king’s> snow-drift [GOLD]’: Hrólfr kraki ‘Pole-ladder’ was a legendary Dan. king. The kenning refers to the episode in which Hrólfr, pursued by the Swedes, threw gold on the ground to distract his enemies (see SnE 1998, I, 58-9). For a similar ruse employed by Haraldr harðráði, see Þfagr Sveinn 8. Usually kennings with ‘snow’ or ‘ice’ as a base-word denote ‘silver’, but in this particular case the legendary associations establish that ‘gold’ is meant.
kennings
Hlǫkk drífu Kraka‘of the Hlǫkk of Kraki’s snow-drift ’
= WOMAN
Kraki’s snow-drift → GOLD
the Hlǫkk of the GOLD → WOMAN
í ‘in’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
harða ‘the very dense’
(not checked:)
harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
[3] harða: harðla Hr
þjokkum ‘forest’
[3] þjokkum: þykkum FskAˣ, F, H, Hr, þjǫkku E
Hornskógi ‘at Hornslet’
(not checked:)
Hornskógr (noun m.): [at Hornslet]
notes
[4] Hornskógi ‘forest at Hornslet’: Hornslet is located south-east of Randers in Jylland, Denmark. The p. n. Hornskógr, lit. ‘Horn-forest’, is no longer extant.
brô ‘the eyelashes’
(not checked:)
1. brá (noun f.; °brár; brár): eyelash, eyebrow
notes
[1, 4] lét aldrigi brô … þorna ‘never let the eyelashes … get dry’: I.e. Haraldr captured her and her sisters and she never stopped weeping. For the possible mistreatment of females of the conquered population by victorious vikings, see Note to ÞjóðA Magn 7/5, 6, Valg Har 3, 9 and Hskv Útdr 5.
þorna ‘get dry’
(not checked:)
þorna (verb): [withered, get dry]
notes
[1, 4] lét aldrigi brô … þorna ‘never let the eyelashes … get dry’: I.e. Haraldr captured her and her sisters and she never stopped weeping. For the possible mistreatment of females of the conquered population by victorious vikings, see Note to ÞjóðA Magn 7/5, 6, Valg Har 3, 9 and Hskv Útdr 5.
kennings
Dróttinn Fila‘The lord of the Filir ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr
The lord of the Filir → NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr
notes
[5] dróttinn Fila ‘the lord of the Filir’: Filir were the inhabitants of Fjalir, the south-western part of Sunnfjord and the regions around Dalsfjorden (see Rygh et al. 1897-1936, XII, 284-5). Fjalir is nom. pl. of ON fjǫl ‘board plank’, a f. ō-stem (Gmc *felō) with breaking and u-umlaut. The pl. ending -ir must be secondary (i-stem inflection, see ANG §379 Anm.). The ethnic name Filir (m. nom. pl.) is a m. u-stem formed to the p. n. See also Steinn Óldr 1/5, 8/6 and Anon (Sv) 1/3.
dróttinn ‘The lord’
(not checked:)
dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
kennings
Dróttinn Fila‘The lord of the Filir ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr
The lord of the Filir → NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr
notes
[5] dróttinn Fila ‘the lord of the Filir’: Filir were the inhabitants of Fjalir, the south-western part of Sunnfjord and the regions around Dalsfjorden (see Rygh et al. 1897-1936, XII, 284-5). Fjalir is nom. pl. of ON fjǫl ‘board plank’, a f. ō-stem (Gmc *felō) with breaking and u-umlaut. The pl. ending -ir must be secondary (i-stem inflection, see ANG §379 Anm.). The ethnic name Filir (m. nom. pl.) is a m. u-stem formed to the p. n. See also Steinn Óldr 1/5, 8/6 and Anon (Sv) 1/3.
rak ‘chased’
(not checked:)
2. reka (verb): drive, force
flótta ‘the fleeing troop’
(not checked:)
flótti (noun m.): flight, fleeing
fjanda ‘of the enemies’’
(not checked:)
fjándi (noun m.; °-a; fjándr/fjándar/fjándir): enemy, devil
grams ‘chieftain’
(not checked:)
1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
til ‘down to’
(not checked:)
til (prep.): to
notes
[6] til strandar ‘to the shore’: Skj B connects this prepositional phrase with the next cl. (varð út at reiða … til strandar ‘had to pay out riches … by the beach’). That interpretation creates an awkward w. o. (see NN §806) and entails an unattested meaning of the prep. til ‘to, towards’ (see Fritzner: til).
strandar ‘the shore’
(not checked:)
strǫnd (noun f.; °strandar, dat. -u/-; strandir/strendr): beach, shore
notes
[6] til strandar ‘to the shore’: Skj B connects this prepositional phrase with the next cl. (varð út at reiða … til strandar ‘had to pay out riches … by the beach’). That interpretation creates an awkward w. o. (see NN §806) and entails an unattested meaning of the prep. til ‘to, towards’ (see Fritzner: til).
auð ‘riches’
(not checked:)
1. auðr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-): wealth
út ‘out’
(not checked:)
út (adv.): out(side)
at ‘to’
(not checked:)
5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)
allskjótt ‘very quickly’
(not checked:)
allskjótt (adv.): [very quickly]
faðir ‘father’
(not checked:)
faðir (noun m.): father
kennings
faðir Dóttu‘Dótta’s father ’
= Þorkell geysa
Dótta’s father → Þorkell geysa
Dóttu ‘Dótta’s’
(not checked:)
Dótta (noun f.): Dótta
[8] Dóttu: so FskAˣ, Kˣ, 39, F, E, J2ˣ, H, Hr, dóttur Mork, Flat
kennings
faðir Dóttu‘Dótta’s father ’
= Þorkell geysa
Dótta’s father → Þorkell geysa
notes
[8] Dóttu ‘Dótta’: Mork and Flat have the variant dóttur ‘daughter’ for Dóttu (lectio facilior).
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Lét aldrigi úti |
The reckless one never let the eyelashes of the Hlǫkk <valkyrie> of Kraki’s <legendary king’s> snow-drift [GOLD > WOMAN] get dry out in the very dense forest at Hornslet. The lord of the Filir [NORWEGIAN KING = Haraldr] chased the fleeing troop of the enemies’ chieftain down to the shore; Dótta’s father [= Þorkell geysa] had to pay out riches very quickly.
During his campaign in Denmark in the summer of 1048, Haraldr burned the farmstead of the Dan. chieftain Þorkell geysa ‘Big-mouth’. He captured Þorkell’s daughters (one of whom was Dótta), and forced Þorkell to pay a hefty ransom for them.
For this campaign, see also Hharð Lv 4, ÞjóðA Lv 2, Bǫlv Hardr 8, Anon (HSig) 1 and Grani Har 2 below. — [5]: The l. echoes Steinn Óldr 1/5.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.