Glúmr Gráf 7^I

Braut ‘waged’

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brjóta (verb; °brýtr; braut, brutu; brotinn): to break, destroy

við ‘against’

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2. við (prep.): with, against

brynju ‘of the mail-shirt’

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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat

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móta ‘’

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2. móta (verb)

njóta ‘users’

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njótr (noun m.): user, enjoyer

[1] njóta: so FskAˣ, móta or njóta FskBˣ

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bóg ‘’

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bógr (noun m.; °dat. bǿgi; bǿgir, acc. bógu): shoulder

bág ‘the strife’

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1. bágr (noun m.; °; -ar): strife

[2] bág: ‘bog’ all

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notes

[2] bág ‘the strife’: The spelling ‘bog’ could point to bóg(r) ‘bow’, but the hending on Sôgu (spelt ‘Sogo’ in the mss) and the verb braut ‘waged’, lit. ‘broke’, establish bág as the correct reading. — [2] bág Sôgu rifjunga ‘the strife of the Sága <goddess> of swords [VALKYRIE > BATTLE]’: Brjóta bág við e-n in itself means ‘to raise hostility against, fight sby’, and kennings for ‘valkyrie’ (here Sôgu rifjunga) can refer to ‘battle’ (cf. Meissner 201-2). The extended kenning assumed here is therefore slightly tautologous, and comes close to breaching the convention that the base-word of a kenning should not contain the same concept as the overall referent (Meissner 28). (b) Kock (NN §1060) addresses the problem by taking Sôgu rifjunga as a determinant of nadd- ‘nail, point, spear, arrow’ in the intercalary clause, serving to identify a battle-spear as distinct from a hunting-spear.

bág ‘the strife’

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1. bágr (noun m.; °; -ar): strife

[2] bág: ‘bog’ all

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notes

[2] bág ‘the strife’: The spelling ‘bog’ could point to bóg(r) ‘bow’, but the hending on Sôgu (spelt ‘Sogo’ in the mss) and the verb braut ‘waged’, lit. ‘broke’, establish bág as the correct reading. — [2] bág Sôgu rifjunga ‘the strife of the Sága <goddess> of swords [VALKYRIE > BATTLE]’: Brjóta bág við e-n in itself means ‘to raise hostility against, fight sby’, and kennings for ‘valkyrie’ (here Sôgu rifjunga) can refer to ‘battle’ (cf. Meissner 201-2). The extended kenning assumed here is therefore slightly tautologous, and comes close to breaching the convention that the base-word of a kenning should not contain the same concept as the overall referent (Meissner 28). (b) Kock (NN §1060) addresses the problem by taking Sôgu rifjunga as a determinant of nadd- ‘nail, point, spear, arrow’ in the intercalary clause, serving to identify a battle-spear as distinct from a hunting-spear.

rifunga ‘’

rifjunga ‘of swords’

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rifjungr (noun m.): [swords]

[2] rifjunga: so FskAˣ, ‘rifunga’ FskBˣ

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notes

[2] rifjunga ‘of swords’: On this heiti, which may mean ‘tearer’, see Note to Þul Sverða 7/4^III. — [2] bág Sôgu rifjunga ‘the strife of the Sága <goddess> of swords [VALKYRIE > BATTLE]’: Brjóta bág við e-n in itself means ‘to raise hostility against, fight sby’, and kennings for ‘valkyrie’ (here Sôgu rifjunga) can refer to ‘battle’ (cf. Meissner 201-2). The extended kenning assumed here is therefore slightly tautologous, and comes close to breaching the convention that the base-word of a kenning should not contain the same concept as the overall referent (Meissner 28). (b) Kock (NN §1060) addresses the problem by taking Sôgu rifjunga as a determinant of nadd- ‘nail, point, spear, arrow’ in the intercalary clause, serving to identify a battle-spear as distinct from a hunting-spear.

rifjunga ‘of swords’

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rifjungr (noun m.): [swords]

[2] rifjunga: so FskAˣ, ‘rifunga’ FskBˣ

kennings

notes

[2] rifjunga ‘of swords’: On this heiti, which may mean ‘tearer’, see Note to Þul Sverða 7/4^III. — [2] bág Sôgu rifjunga ‘the strife of the Sága <goddess> of swords [VALKYRIE > BATTLE]’: Brjóta bág við e-n in itself means ‘to raise hostility against, fight sby’, and kennings for ‘valkyrie’ (here Sôgu rifjunga) can refer to ‘battle’ (cf. Meissner 201-2). The extended kenning assumed here is therefore slightly tautologous, and comes close to breaching the convention that the base-word of a kenning should not contain the same concept as the overall referent (Meissner 28). (b) Kock (NN §1060) addresses the problem by taking Sôgu rifjunga as a determinant of nadd- ‘nail, point, spear, arrow’ in the intercalary clause, serving to identify a battle-spear as distinct from a hunting-spear.

rifjunga ‘of swords’

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rifjungr (noun m.): [swords]

[2] rifjunga: so FskAˣ, ‘rifunga’ FskBˣ

kennings

notes

[2] rifjunga ‘of swords’: On this heiti, which may mean ‘tearer’, see Note to Þul Sverða 7/4^III. — [2] bág Sôgu rifjunga ‘the strife of the Sága <goddess> of swords [VALKYRIE > BATTLE]’: Brjóta bág við e-n in itself means ‘to raise hostility against, fight sby’, and kennings for ‘valkyrie’ (here Sôgu rifjunga) can refer to ‘battle’ (cf. Meissner 201-2). The extended kenning assumed here is therefore slightly tautologous, and comes close to breaching the convention that the base-word of a kenning should not contain the same concept as the overall referent (Meissner 28). (b) Kock (NN §1060) addresses the problem by taking Sôgu rifjunga as a determinant of nadd- ‘nail, point, spear, arrow’ in the intercalary clause, serving to identify a battle-spear as distinct from a hunting-spear.

rifjunga ‘of swords’

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rifjungr (noun m.): [swords]

[2] rifjunga: so FskAˣ, ‘rifunga’ FskBˣ

kennings

notes

[2] rifjunga ‘of swords’: On this heiti, which may mean ‘tearer’, see Note to Þul Sverða 7/4^III. — [2] bág Sôgu rifjunga ‘the strife of the Sága <goddess> of swords [VALKYRIE > BATTLE]’: Brjóta bág við e-n in itself means ‘to raise hostility against, fight sby’, and kennings for ‘valkyrie’ (here Sôgu rifjunga) can refer to ‘battle’ (cf. Meissner 201-2). The extended kenning assumed here is therefore slightly tautologous, and comes close to breaching the convention that the base-word of a kenning should not contain the same concept as the overall referent (Meissner 28). (b) Kock (NN §1060) addresses the problem by taking Sôgu rifjunga as a determinant of nadd- ‘nail, point, spear, arrow’ in the intercalary clause, serving to identify a battle-spear as distinct from a hunting-spear.

Sôgu ‘of the Sága’

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Sága (noun f.): [Sága, for Sága]

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notes

[2] bág Sôgu rifjunga ‘the strife of the Sága <goddess> of swords [VALKYRIE > BATTLE]’: Brjóta bág við e-n in itself means ‘to raise hostility against, fight sby’, and kennings for ‘valkyrie’ (here Sôgu rifjunga) can refer to ‘battle’ (cf. Meissner 201-2). The extended kenning assumed here is therefore slightly tautologous, and comes close to breaching the convention that the base-word of a kenning should not contain the same concept as the overall referent (Meissner 28). (b) Kock (NN §1060) addresses the problem by taking Sôgu rifjunga as a determinant of nadd- ‘nail, point, spear, arrow’ in the intercalary clause, serving to identify a battle-spear as distinct from a hunting-spear.

Sôgu ‘of the Sága’

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Sága (noun f.): [Sága, for Sága]

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notes

[2] bág Sôgu rifjunga ‘the strife of the Sága <goddess> of swords [VALKYRIE > BATTLE]’: Brjóta bág við e-n in itself means ‘to raise hostility against, fight sby’, and kennings for ‘valkyrie’ (here Sôgu rifjunga) can refer to ‘battle’ (cf. Meissner 201-2). The extended kenning assumed here is therefore slightly tautologous, and comes close to breaching the convention that the base-word of a kenning should not contain the same concept as the overall referent (Meissner 28). (b) Kock (NN §1060) addresses the problem by taking Sôgu rifjunga as a determinant of nadd- ‘nail, point, spear, arrow’ in the intercalary clause, serving to identify a battle-spear as distinct from a hunting-spear.

nadd ‘of the point’

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naddr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): spear, point < naddskúr (noun f.): [point-shower]

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notes

[3] vas nœrir naddskúrar ‘he was a nourisher of the point-shower [BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: The use of a kenning as the predicate in a clause is rare (see ‘The diction of skaldic poetry’ in General Introduction).

nadd ‘of the point’

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naddr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): spear, point < naddskúr (noun f.): [point-shower]

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notes

[3] vas nœrir naddskúrar ‘he was a nourisher of the point-shower [BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: The use of a kenning as the predicate in a clause is rare (see ‘The diction of skaldic poetry’ in General Introduction).

skúrar ‘shower’

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1. skúr (noun f.; °; -ir): shower < naddskúr (noun f.): [point-shower]

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notes

[3] vas nœrir naddskúrar ‘he was a nourisher of the point-shower [BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: The use of a kenning as the predicate in a clause is rare (see ‘The diction of skaldic poetry’ in General Introduction).

skúrar ‘shower’

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1. skúr (noun f.; °; -ir): shower < naddskúr (noun f.): [point-shower]

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notes

[3] vas nœrir naddskúrar ‘he was a nourisher of the point-shower [BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: The use of a kenning as the predicate in a clause is rare (see ‘The diction of skaldic poetry’ in General Introduction).

vas ‘he was’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

notes

[3] vas nœrir naddskúrar ‘he was a nourisher of the point-shower [BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: The use of a kenning as the predicate in a clause is rare (see ‘The diction of skaldic poetry’ in General Introduction).

nœrir ‘a nourisher’

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nœrir (noun m.): nourisher

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notes

[3] vas nœrir naddskúrar ‘he was a nourisher of the point-shower [BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: The use of a kenning as the predicate in a clause is rare (see ‘The diction of skaldic poetry’ in General Introduction).

Nóregs ‘of Norway’

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Noregr (noun m.): Norway

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stórar ‘’

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stórr (adj.): large, great

konungr ‘The king’

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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king

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stóra ‘mighty’

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stórr (adj.): large, great

[4] stóra: stórar FskAˣ

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Val ‘of the slaughter’

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1. valr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ir): corpse, the slain < valgalti (noun m.): [slaughter-boar]

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Val ‘of the slaughter’

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1. valr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ir): corpse, the slain < valgalti (noun m.): [slaughter-boar]

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galtar ‘boar’

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galti (noun m.): boar < valgalti (noun m.): [slaughter-boar]

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galtar ‘boar’

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galti (noun m.): boar < valgalti (noun m.): [slaughter-boar]

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lét ‘made’

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láta (verb): let, have sth done

velta ‘topple’

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3. velta (verb): wander (weak)

varg ‘The wolf’

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vargr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): wolf < vargfœðandi (noun m.): [wolf-feeder]

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ó ‘’

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ó- ((prefix)): un- < óvægr (adj.)

fœðandi ‘feeder’

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fœðandi (noun m.): feeder < vargfœðandi (noun m.): [wolf-feeder]

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marga ‘many’

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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many

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of ‘the very’

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(non-lexical) < ofvægr (adj.): invincible, overwhelming

[7] of‑: ó‑ FskAˣ

notes

[7] réð ofvægjum jǫfri ‘he overwhelmed the very powerful prince’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; also ÍF 29) emends the dat. sg. ofvægjum/óvægjum of the mss to nom. sg. ofvæginn and the dat. sg. jǫfri to acc. pl. jǫfra, and translates uimodståelig overmandede han fyrsterne ‘irresistible, he overpowered the princes’. But the ms. reading ofvægjum can be retained, since ráða + dat. in the sense ‘to have control over’ can take an animate object, although inanimates are more common (Fritzner: ráða 20; LP: ráða 4); Kock (NN §2219) suggests ‘to chastise, punish’. It has been suggested that the defeated prince was Tryggvi Óláfsson, but according to the account of HGráf ch. 9 (ÍF 26, 214) Tryggvi was killed not by Haraldr but by the men of Haraldr’s brother Guðrøðr Eiríksson. The specific killing mentioned in the stanza, assuming that l. 7 refers to one such, could be that of Guðrøðr Bjarnarson, which is attributed to Haraldr and his men in ch. 10 (ÍF 26, 214).

vægjum ‘powerful’

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vægr (adj.): [powerful] < ofvægr (adj.): invincible, overwhelmingvægr (adj.): [powerful] < óvægr (adj.)

notes

[7] réð ofvægjum jǫfri ‘he overwhelmed the very powerful prince’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; also ÍF 29) emends the dat. sg. ofvægjum/óvægjum of the mss to nom. sg. ofvæginn and the dat. sg. jǫfri to acc. pl. jǫfra, and translates uimodståelig overmandede han fyrsterne ‘irresistible, he overpowered the princes’. But the ms. reading ofvægjum can be retained, since ráða + dat. in the sense ‘to have control over’ can take an animate object, although inanimates are more common (Fritzner: ráða 20; LP: ráða 4); Kock (NN §2219) suggests ‘to chastise, punish’. It has been suggested that the defeated prince was Tryggvi Óláfsson, but according to the account of HGráf ch. 9 (ÍF 26, 214) Tryggvi was killed not by Haraldr but by the men of Haraldr’s brother Guðrøðr Eiríksson. The specific killing mentioned in the stanza, assuming that l. 7 refers to one such, could be that of Guðrøðr Bjarnarson, which is attributed to Haraldr and his men in ch. 10 (ÍF 26, 214).

réð ‘he overwhelmed’

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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide

notes

[7] réð ofvægjum jǫfri ‘he overwhelmed the very powerful prince’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; also ÍF 29) emends the dat. sg. ofvægjum/óvægjum of the mss to nom. sg. ofvæginn and the dat. sg. jǫfri to acc. pl. jǫfra, and translates uimodståelig overmandede han fyrsterne ‘irresistible, he overpowered the princes’. But the ms. reading ofvægjum can be retained, since ráða + dat. in the sense ‘to have control over’ can take an animate object, although inanimates are more common (Fritzner: ráða 20; LP: ráða 4); Kock (NN §2219) suggests ‘to chastise, punish’. It has been suggested that the defeated prince was Tryggvi Óláfsson, but according to the account of HGráf ch. 9 (ÍF 26, 214) Tryggvi was killed not by Haraldr but by the men of Haraldr’s brother Guðrøðr Eiríksson. The specific killing mentioned in the stanza, assuming that l. 7 refers to one such, could be that of Guðrøðr Bjarnarson, which is attributed to Haraldr and his men in ch. 10 (ÍF 26, 214).

jǫfri ‘prince’

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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

notes

[7] réð ofvægjum jǫfri ‘he overwhelmed the very powerful prince’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B; also ÍF 29) emends the dat. sg. ofvægjum/óvægjum of the mss to nom. sg. ofvæginn and the dat. sg. jǫfri to acc. pl. jǫfra, and translates uimodståelig overmandede han fyrsterne ‘irresistible, he overpowered the princes’. But the ms. reading ofvægjum can be retained, since ráða + dat. in the sense ‘to have control over’ can take an animate object, although inanimates are more common (Fritzner: ráða 20; LP: ráða 4); Kock (NN §2219) suggests ‘to chastise, punish’. It has been suggested that the defeated prince was Tryggvi Óláfsson, but according to the account of HGráf ch. 9 (ÍF 26, 214) Tryggvi was killed not by Haraldr but by the men of Haraldr’s brother Guðrøðr Eiríksson. The specific killing mentioned in the stanza, assuming that l. 7 refers to one such, could be that of Guðrøðr Bjarnarson, which is attributed to Haraldr and his men in ch. 10 (ÍF 26, 214).

jafnborna ‘as well-born’

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jafnborinn (adj./verb p.p.): [as well-born]

sér ‘as he’

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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)

þorna ‘thorn-trees’

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1. þorn (noun m.; °; -ar): thorn

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