Glúmr Gráf 5I
Alison Finlay (ed.) 2012, ‘Glúmr Geirason, Gráfeldardrápa 5’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 254.
Hilmir ‘The king’
(not checked:)
hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
rauð ‘reddened’
(not checked:)
rjóða (verb): to redden
í ‘’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
hjalma ‘’
(not checked:)
1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet
hregg ‘’
(not checked:)
hregg (noun n.): storm
kennings
laut heina‘the dell of whetstones ’
= SWORD
the dell of whetstones → SWORD
notes
[2] laut heina ‘the dell of whetstones [SWORD]’: Laut f. ‘hollow place, dell’ is used elsewhere in kennings to represent land in general (see LP: laut). The conception of the sword as the ground that the whetstone covers is also found in, e.g., Hallv Knútdr 5/3III heinland ‘whetstone-land’.
lautr ‘’
lǫt ‘’
(not checked:)
lǫt (noun f.; °; latar): °tilbageholdenhed
laut ‘the dell’
(not checked:)
laut (noun f.): dell, hollow
[2] laut: so Tˣ(37r), Tˣ(41r), W, U(37r), C, lǫt R(35v), R(39v), ‘lautr’ U(34v), ‘[…]’ B
kennings
laut heina‘the dell of whetstones ’
= SWORD
the dell of whetstones → SWORD
notes
[2] laut heina ‘the dell of whetstones [SWORD]’: Laut f. ‘hollow place, dell’ is used elsewhere in kennings to represent land in general (see LP: laut). The conception of the sword as the ground that the whetstone covers is also found in, e.g., Hallv Knútdr 5/3III heinland ‘whetstone-land’.
[…]elkings ‘’
und ‘’
(not checked:)
3. und (prep.): under, underneath
á ‘on’
(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at
[2] á Gautum: so Tˣ(37r), Tˣ(41r), W, U(34v), U(37r), und Gautum R(35v), ágætum R(39v), ‘[…]elkings eggiar’ B, á beinu C
notes
[2] á Gautum ‘on the Gautar’: The people of Gautland (Götaland, southern Sweden). Haraldr gráfeldr and his brothers are more than once said to make a practice of raiding during the summers, but there is no specific reference in the prose sources to any attack in this region.
eggjar ‘’
(not checked:)
1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade
beinu ‘’
(not checked:)
2. beinn (adj.; °beinan; compar. beinni, superl. beinastr/beinstr): straight
ágætum ‘’
(not checked:)
ágætr (adj.; °compar. ágǽtari/ágǽtri, superl. ágǽtastr/ágǽztr): excellent
Gautum ‘the Gautar’
(not checked:)
gauti (noun m.): man, Geat
[2] á Gautum: so Tˣ(37r), Tˣ(41r), W, U(34v), U(37r), und Gautum R(35v), ágætum R(39v), ‘[…]elkings eggiar’ B, á beinu C
notes
[2] á Gautum ‘on the Gautar’: The people of Gautland (Götaland, southern Sweden). Haraldr gráfeldr and his brothers are more than once said to make a practice of raiding during the summers, but there is no specific reference in the prose sources to any attack in this region.
þar ‘there’
(not checked:)
þar (adv.): there
varð ‘was’
(not checked:)
1. verða (verb): become, be
í ‘in’
(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into
gný ‘the din’
(not checked:)
gnýr (noun m.): din, tumult
kennings
gný geira.‘the din of spears. ’
= BATTLE
the din of spears. → BATTLE
geira ‘of spears’
(not checked:)
geirr (noun m.): spear
kennings
gný geira.‘the din of spears. ’
= BATTLE
the din of spears. → BATTLE
grundar ‘of ground’
(not checked:)
grund (noun f.): earth, land
kennings
vǫrðr grundar‘the guardian of ground ’
= RULER = Haraldr
the guardian of ground → RULER = Haraldr
vǫrðr ‘the guardian’
(not checked:)
vǫrðr (noun m.; °varðar, dat. verði/vǫrð; verðir, acc. vǫrðu): guardian, defender
kennings
vǫrðr grundar‘the guardian of ground ’
= RULER = Haraldr
the guardian of ground → RULER = Haraldr
of ‘to be’
(not checked:)
4. of (particle): (before verb)
fundinn ‘found’
(not checked:)
2. finna (verb): find, meet
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The stanza is included among four that illustrate kennings for ‘king’, in this case vǫrðr lands ‘guardian of land’. The first two lines are repeated in most mss at a point where heiti for kings (here hilmir) are exemplified.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.