Glúmr Gráf 1I
Alison Finlay (ed.) 2012, ‘Glúmr Geirason, Gráfeldardrápa 1’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 248.
hlýddi ‘’
(not checked:)
2. hlýða (verb): hear, listen; be able
notes
[1] hlýði ‘listen’: This 3rd pers. sg./pl. pres. subj. verb functions as an imp., calling for a hearing and marking the helmingr as the conventional introduction to a poem, cf. Þhorn Harkv 1/1 Hlýði hringberendr ‘Let sword-bearers [WARRIORS] listen’. For it to occur without a subject is unusual; for a suggested emendation which supplies one, see Note to l. 2 mildinga.
hafra ‘’
(not checked:)
hafr (noun m.; °hafrs/-s(SnEU 56¹⁹), dat. hafri; hafrar): goat
kennings
gildi beiðis hapta‘the banquet of the ruler of the gods ’
= POETRY
the ruler of the gods → Óðinn
the banquet of ÓÐINN → POETRY
notes
[1, 2] gildi beiðis hapta ‘the banquet of the ruler of the gods [= Óðinn > POETRY]’: One of several skaldic kennings based on the myth of the mead of poetry, on which, see Note to ESk Vell 1 [All].
kennings
gildi beiðis hapta‘the banquet of the ruler of the gods ’
= POETRY
the ruler of the gods → Óðinn
the banquet of ÓÐINN → POETRY
notes
[1, 2] gildi beiðis hapta ‘the banquet of the ruler of the gods [= Óðinn > POETRY]’: One of several skaldic kennings based on the myth of the mead of poetry, on which, see Note to ESk Vell 1 [All].
beiðir ‘’
(not checked:)
beiðir (noun m.): demander
kennings
gildi beiðis hapta‘the banquet of the ruler of the gods ’
= POETRY
the ruler of the gods → Óðinn
the banquet of ÓÐINN → POETRY
notes
[1, 2] gildi beiðis hapta ‘the banquet of the ruler of the gods [= Óðinn > POETRY]’: One of several skaldic kennings based on the myth of the mead of poetry, on which, see Note to ESk Vell 1 [All].
kennings
gildi beiðis hapta‘the banquet of the ruler of the gods ’
= POETRY
the ruler of the gods → Óðinn
the banquet of ÓÐINN → POETRY
notes
[1, 2] gildi beiðis hapta ‘the banquet of the ruler of the gods [= Óðinn > POETRY]’: One of several skaldic kennings based on the myth of the mead of poetry, on which, see Note to ESk Vell 1 [All].
hefsk ‘’
(not checked:)
hefja (verb): lift, start
hefr ‘’
(not checked:)
hefja (verb): lift, start
mildi ‘’
(not checked:)
mildi (noun f.): generosity, mercy
mildinga ‘of princes’
(not checked:)
mildingr (noun m.; °-s): ruler, generous one
[2] mildinga: mildi W
notes
[2] mildinga ‘of princes’: (a) The gen. pl. mildinga is retained here and by Faulkes (SnE 1998, I, 12, 162, II, 356). There are parallels in prose to the use of gen. to refer to the subject of poetry, e.g. í kvæðum hans ‘in poetry about him’, cited from Egils saga in the Introduction above. Mildinga ‘of princes’ would not literally apply to the poem as it survives, with its strong focus on Haraldr, but it could be taken as a pl. for sg. referring to Haraldr as its subject, or perhaps generally to ‘princes’ as the natural subject of poetry. Faulkes (SnE 1998, I, 162) takes mildinga as a possible indication that the poem is ‘addressed to an assembly of rulers (or at least to more than one of the dead king’s brothers)’; cf. Fidjestøl (1982, 91, 230). (b) Finnur Jónsson in Skj B and Kock in Skald emend to the nom. pl. mildingar and construe it with hlýði, hence ‘let the princes hear!’. However, reading mildingar goes against all mss and produces an awkward word order.
gild ‘’
(not checked:)
2. gildr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): valued at, worth
kennings
gildi beiðis hapta‘the banquet of the ruler of the gods ’
= POETRY
the ruler of the gods → Óðinn
the banquet of ÓÐINN → POETRY
notes
[1, 2] gildi beiðis hapta ‘the banquet of the ruler of the gods [= Óðinn > POETRY]’: One of several skaldic kennings based on the myth of the mead of poetry, on which, see Note to ESk Vell 1 [All].
því ‘’
(not checked:)
því (adv.): therefore, because
biðju ‘’
bjóðum ‘’
(not checked:)
bjóða (verb; °býðr; bauð, buðu; boðinn (buð- Thom¹ 5²n.)): offer, order, invite
biðjum ‘we [I] ask’
(not checked:)
biðja (verb; °biðr; bað, báðu; beðinn (beiþ- Martin¹ 573, bỏþ- HákEirsp 661, cf. ed. intr. xl)): ask for, order, pray
[3] biðjum: so W, U, B, bjóðum R, biðju Tˣ
notes
[3] biðjum ‘we [I] ask’: This reading is adopted by all eds in place of bjóðum ‘we [I] command, offer’, the reading of R.
vér ‘for’
(not checked:)
vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our
þagnar ‘silence’
(not checked:)
þǫgn (noun f.; °þagnar): silence
þegna ‘of the man’
(not checked:)
þegn (noun m.; °dat. -/-i; -ar): thane, man, franklin
notes
[4] tjón þegna ‘the loss of the man’: (a) Tjón ‘loss, destruction’ normally takes the gen. of the person or thing lost (LP, Fritzner: tjón), and this phrase could refer to the death of Haraldr gráfeldr (as assumed in Skj B and this edn), with gen. pl. þegna ‘of men’ for gen. sg. ‘of the man’. (b) Þegn, however, seems inappropriately lowly as a designation of a king, and the sense here may be ‘the followers’ loss [of their lord]’ (so Kock, NN §254; Faulkes, SnE 1998, II, 433). A further possibility is a reference to all those who fell in battle.
tjón ‘of the loss’
(not checked:)
2. tjón (noun n.; °-s; -): loss
notes
[4] tjón þegna ‘the loss of the man’: (a) Tjón ‘loss, destruction’ normally takes the gen. of the person or thing lost (LP, Fritzner: tjón), and this phrase could refer to the death of Haraldr gráfeldr (as assumed in Skj B and this edn), with gen. pl. þegna ‘of men’ for gen. sg. ‘of the man’. (b) Þegn, however, seems inappropriately lowly as a designation of a king, and the sense here may be ‘the followers’ loss [of their lord]’ (so Kock, NN §254; Faulkes, SnE 1998, II, 433). A further possibility is a reference to all those who fell in battle.
af ‘’
(not checked:)
af (prep.): from
fregnum ‘we [I] have heard’
(not checked:)
1. fregna (verb): hear of
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The stanza occurs as one of a sequence exemplifying kennings for ‘poetry’ referring to the myth of Óðinn’s theft of the mead of poetry.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.