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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Gísl Lv 1^II

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Gísl Illugason, Lausavísa 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 430-1.

Gísl Illugason Lausavísa 1

Kátr ‘be cheerful’

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kátr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): cheerful, glad

skalk ‘I’ll’

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skulu (verb): shall, should, must

[1] skalk (‘skal ek’): skal 219

enn ‘still’

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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again

þótt ‘although’

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þótt (conj.): although

[1] þótt: þó papp4ˣ, 392ˣ

ætli ‘intend to rob’

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ætla (verb): intend, mean, think

aldrán ‘of his life’

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aldrán (noun n.): [his life]

[2] aldrán: aldrtjón 5, aldr rán 219, papp4ˣ, 392ˣ

viðir ‘the trees’

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1. viðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -u/-i): wood, tree

[2] viðir: ‘gora’ 219, ‘giora’ papp4ˣ, 392ˣ

kennings

viðir teins unda
‘the trees of the wounds’ rod ’
= WARRIORS
the wounds’ rod → SWORD
the trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS

skaldi ‘the poet’

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skáld (noun n.; °-s; -): poet

[2] skaldi: skjaldar 5

jǫrn ‘the irons’

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járn (noun n.; °-s; -): iron, weapon

taka ‘begin’

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2. taka (verb): take

oss ‘us [me]’

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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

at ‘to’

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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)

orna ‘warm’

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orna (verb): [warm]

unda ‘of the wounds’’

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1. und (noun f.; °; -ir): wound

kennings

viðir teins unda
‘the trees of the wounds’ rod ’
= WARRIORS
the wounds’ rod → SWORD
the trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS

unda ‘of the wounds’’

(not checked:)
1. und (noun f.; °; -ir): wound

kennings

viðir teins unda
‘the trees of the wounds’ rod ’
= WARRIORS
the wounds’ rod → SWORD
the trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS

teins ‘rod’

(not checked:)
teinn (noun m.; °dat. teini; teinar): twig, rod

kennings

viðir teins unda
‘the trees of the wounds’ rod ’
= WARRIORS
the wounds’ rod → SWORD
the trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS

teins ‘rod’

(not checked:)
teinn (noun m.; °dat. teini; teinar): twig, rod

kennings

viðir teins unda
‘the trees of the wounds’ rod ’
= WARRIORS
the wounds’ rod → SWORD
the trees of the SWORD → WARRIORS

at ‘to’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

[4] at: á 219

beinum ‘the bones’

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bein (noun n.; °-s; -): bone

[4] beinum: beini Hr, papp4ˣ, 392ˣ

Hverr ‘Every’

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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every

deyr ‘dies’

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1. deyja (verb; °deyr; dó, dó(u); dá(i)nn): die

seggr ‘man’

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seggr (noun m.; °; -ir): man

en ‘but’

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2. en (conj.): but, and

[5] en: so Hr, 5, hinn H, papp4ˣ, enn 219, 392ˣ

svarri ‘lady’

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svarri (noun m.; °-a): (proud) lady

notes

[5] svarri ‘lady’: For such apostrophes to unknown women, see Note to Hharð Gamv 3/1.

snart ‘a valiant’

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snarr (adj.): gallant, bold

s ‘has’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

dreng ‘to the young warrior’

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drengr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja): man, warrior

[6] dreng: drengs 5, papp4ˣ, 392ˣ

notes

[6] dreng (m. dat. sg.) ‘to the young warrior’: For the different meanings of this word, see LP: drengr and Goetting 2006. The noun is an i-stem (no ending in the dat. sg.). Drengs (m. gen. sg.) ‘of the young warrior’ (so 5, papp4ˣ, 392ˣ) is also a possible reading.

skapat ‘been given’

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2. skapa (verb): form

hjarta ‘heart’

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hjarta (noun n.; °-; *-u): heart

prúðr ‘brave’

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prúðr (adj.; °superl. -astr): magnificent, proud

[7] prúðr: brúðr Hr, fróðr papp4ˣ, 392ˣ

skalk ‘I shall’

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skulu (verb): shall, should, must

[7] skalk (‘skal ek’): vil ek 219

enn ‘yet again’

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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again

í ‘in’

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í (prep.): in, into

óði ‘poetry’

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1. óðr (noun m.): poem

eitt ‘some’

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2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone

notes

[8] eitt sinn ‘some time’: Could also go with the last cl. (so Skj B), but the phrase hverr seggr deyr eitt sinn ‘every man dies some time’ seems to be a commonplace (see NN §2270; Þjǫk Lv l. 8^IV).

sinn ‘time’

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2. sinn (noun n.; °?dat. -): time

notes

[8] eitt sinn ‘some time’: Could also go with the last cl. (so Skj B), but the phrase hverr seggr deyr eitt sinn ‘every man dies some time’ seems to be a commonplace (see NN §2270; Þjǫk Lv l. 8^IV).

á ‘’

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3. á (prep.): on, at

þrek ‘deeds of courage’

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þrek (noun n.): courage, strength

[8] þrek: þat 5, 219

minnask ‘commemorate’

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1. minna (verb): remind, remember, recall

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

Gísl has been imprisoned by King Magnús berfœttr Óláfsson for the slaying of Magnús’s retainer, Gjafvaldr. He is awaiting execution and recites this st. to his Icel. compatriots (c. 1096).

Gísl is able to escape from the execution through the intervention of Jón Ǫgmundarson, later bishop of Hólar. — [2] viðir ‘the trees’: Gera ‘do, inflict’ (so 219, papp4ˣ, 392ˣ) is a lectio facilior which leaves the kenning viðir teins unda ‘the trees of the wounds’ rod’ (ll. 2, 4) without a base-word. — [7] prúðr ‘brave’: Fróðr ‘wise’ (so papp4ˣ, 392ˣ) is metrically possible, but secondary and makes little sense in the context.

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