Gamlkan Jóndr 4^VII

Hǫrðu ‘hard’

(not checked:)
harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh

lát ‘let’

(not checked:)
láta (verb): let, have sth done

notes

[1-2, 4] lát mik firðan hverju meini þvís ljónum granda ‘let me be removed from every hard evil which injures men’: In constructions introduced by the verb lata ‘let’ and containing passive forms the inf. of the modal verb (vera) is often omitted (cf. LP, 362), as it is here: lát mik [vera] firðan ... This construction can be translated more liberally as: ‘let me be cleansed of every harm ... which injures men’. However such verbs as firra ‘to remove’ are often construed with the dat. of ‘what is removed’ and with the acc. of the person, ‘from whom’ something is removed (cf. LP: firra); the passive construction lát mik [vera] firðan hverju meini thus corresponds to an active construction firra mik meini ‘to remove me from harm’, i.e. ‘to remove harm from me’. Since the st. is a plea for the preservation from the effects of sin (cf. the fear expressed in 4/5-8 that the speaker will be separated from God at death) and since the intercalary cl. síðan mætti ór of eydask / andar sár ‘may {our wounds of the soul} [SINS] then be wiped out’ [3-4] is an explicit wish to be cleansed of sin, it appears plausible that lát mik firðan meini should be translated ‘let every harm (= sin) be removed from me’.

mik ‘me’

(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

notes

[1-2, 4] lát mik firðan hverju meini þvís ljónum granda ‘let me be removed from every hard evil which injures men’: In constructions introduced by the verb lata ‘let’ and containing passive forms the inf. of the modal verb (vera) is often omitted (cf. LP, 362), as it is here: lát mik [vera] firðan ... This construction can be translated more liberally as: ‘let me be cleansed of every harm ... which injures men’. However such verbs as firra ‘to remove’ are often construed with the dat. of ‘what is removed’ and with the acc. of the person, ‘from whom’ something is removed (cf. LP: firra); the passive construction lát mik [vera] firðan hverju meini thus corresponds to an active construction firra mik meini ‘to remove me from harm’, i.e. ‘to remove harm from me’. Since the st. is a plea for the preservation from the effects of sin (cf. the fear expressed in 4/5-8 that the speaker will be separated from God at death) and since the intercalary cl. síðan mætti ór of eydask / andar sár ‘may {our wounds of the soul} [SINS] then be wiped out’ [3-4] is an explicit wish to be cleansed of sin, it appears plausible that lát mik firðan meini should be translated ‘let every harm (= sin) be removed from me’.

hverju ‘from every’

(not checked:)
2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every

notes

[1-2, 4] lát mik firðan hverju meini þvís ljónum granda ‘let me be removed from every hard evil which injures men’: In constructions introduced by the verb lata ‘let’ and containing passive forms the inf. of the modal verb (vera) is often omitted (cf. LP, 362), as it is here: lát mik [vera] firðan ... This construction can be translated more liberally as: ‘let me be cleansed of every harm ... which injures men’. However such verbs as firra ‘to remove’ are often construed with the dat. of ‘what is removed’ and with the acc. of the person, ‘from whom’ something is removed (cf. LP: firra); the passive construction lát mik [vera] firðan hverju meini thus corresponds to an active construction firra mik meini ‘to remove me from harm’, i.e. ‘to remove harm from me’. Since the st. is a plea for the preservation from the effects of sin (cf. the fear expressed in 4/5-8 that the speaker will be separated from God at death) and since the intercalary cl. síðan mætti ór of eydask / andar sár ‘may {our wounds of the soul} [SINS] then be wiped out’ [3-4] is an explicit wish to be cleansed of sin, it appears plausible that lát mik firðan meini should be translated ‘let every harm (= sin) be removed from me’.

firðan ‘be removed’

(not checked:)
2. firra (verb): keep (from), remove

notes

[1-2, 4] lát mik firðan hverju meini þvís ljónum granda ‘let me be removed from every hard evil which injures men’: In constructions introduced by the verb lata ‘let’ and containing passive forms the inf. of the modal verb (vera) is often omitted (cf. LP, 362), as it is here: lát mik [vera] firðan ... This construction can be translated more liberally as: ‘let me be cleansed of every harm ... which injures men’. However such verbs as firra ‘to remove’ are often construed with the dat. of ‘what is removed’ and with the acc. of the person, ‘from whom’ something is removed (cf. LP: firra); the passive construction lát mik [vera] firðan hverju meini thus corresponds to an active construction firra mik meini ‘to remove me from harm’, i.e. ‘to remove harm from me’. Since the st. is a plea for the preservation from the effects of sin (cf. the fear expressed in 4/5-8 that the speaker will be separated from God at death) and since the intercalary cl. síðan mætti ór of eydask / andar sár ‘may {our wounds of the soul} [SINS] then be wiped out’ [3-4] is an explicit wish to be cleansed of sin, it appears plausible that lát mik firðan meini should be translated ‘let every harm (= sin) be removed from me’.

hrein ‘Pure’

(not checked:)
2. hreinn (adj.; °compar. hreinari/hreinni, superl. hreinastr/hreinstr): pure < hreinlífr (adj.): pure-living

kennings

lífr ‘living’

(not checked:)
lífr (adj.): fit to live < hreinlífr (adj.): pure-living

kennings

faðir ‘Father’

(not checked:)
faðir (noun m.): father

kennings

dróttar ‘of the host’

(not checked:)
1. drótt (noun f.): troop

kennings

meini ‘evil’

(not checked:)
mein (noun n.; °-s; -): harm, injury

notes

[1-2, 4] lát mik firðan hverju meini þvís ljónum granda ‘let me be removed from every hard evil which injures men’: In constructions introduced by the verb lata ‘let’ and containing passive forms the inf. of the modal verb (vera) is often omitted (cf. LP, 362), as it is here: lát mik [vera] firðan ... This construction can be translated more liberally as: ‘let me be cleansed of every harm ... which injures men’. However such verbs as firra ‘to remove’ are often construed with the dat. of ‘what is removed’ and with the acc. of the person, ‘from whom’ something is removed (cf. LP: firra); the passive construction lát mik [vera] firðan hverju meini thus corresponds to an active construction firra mik meini ‘to remove me from harm’, i.e. ‘to remove harm from me’. Since the st. is a plea for the preservation from the effects of sin (cf. the fear expressed in 4/5-8 that the speaker will be separated from God at death) and since the intercalary cl. síðan mætti ór of eydask / andar sár ‘may {our wounds of the soul} [SINS] then be wiped out’ [3-4] is an explicit wish to be cleansed of sin, it appears plausible that lát mik firðan meini should be translated ‘let every harm (= sin) be removed from me’.

síðan ‘then’

(not checked:)
síðan (adv.): later, then

mætti ‘may’

(not checked:)
mega (verb): may, might

ór ‘our’

(not checked:)
várr (pron.; °f. ór/vár; pl. órir/várir): our

kennings

notes

[3] ór ‘our’: The ms. reading ‘var’ (= vár) is a form of the poss. pron. (1st pers. pl. ‘our’) common in mss from the C13th on (ANG §467.2).

of ‘’

(not checked:)
4. of (particle): (before verb)

eyðask ‘be wiped out’

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2. eyða (verb; °-dd-): destroy

andar ‘of the soul’

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2. ǫnd (noun f.; °andar, dat. ǫnd/ǫndu; andir): soul, breath

kennings

sôr ‘wounds’

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2. sár (noun n.; °-s; -): wound

kennings

því ‘’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

notes

[1-2, 4] lát mik firðan hverju meini þvís ljónum granda ‘let me be removed from every hard evil which injures men’: In constructions introduced by the verb lata ‘let’ and containing passive forms the inf. of the modal verb (vera) is often omitted (cf. LP, 362), as it is here: lát mik [vera] firðan ... This construction can be translated more liberally as: ‘let me be cleansed of every harm ... which injures men’. However such verbs as firra ‘to remove’ are often construed with the dat. of ‘what is removed’ and with the acc. of the person, ‘from whom’ something is removed (cf. LP: firra); the passive construction lát mik [vera] firðan hverju meini thus corresponds to an active construction firra mik meini ‘to remove me from harm’, i.e. ‘to remove harm from me’. Since the st. is a plea for the preservation from the effects of sin (cf. the fear expressed in 4/5-8 that the speaker will be separated from God at death) and since the intercalary cl. síðan mætti ór of eydask / andar sár ‘may {our wounds of the soul} [SINS] then be wiped out’ [3-4] is an explicit wish to be cleansed of sin, it appears plausible that lát mik firðan meini should be translated ‘let every harm (= sin) be removed from me’.

s ‘which’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

notes

[1-2, 4] lát mik firðan hverju meini þvís ljónum granda ‘let me be removed from every hard evil which injures men’: In constructions introduced by the verb lata ‘let’ and containing passive forms the inf. of the modal verb (vera) is often omitted (cf. LP, 362), as it is here: lát mik [vera] firðan ... This construction can be translated more liberally as: ‘let me be cleansed of every harm ... which injures men’. However such verbs as firra ‘to remove’ are often construed with the dat. of ‘what is removed’ and with the acc. of the person, ‘from whom’ something is removed (cf. LP: firra); the passive construction lát mik [vera] firðan hverju meini thus corresponds to an active construction firra mik meini ‘to remove me from harm’, i.e. ‘to remove harm from me’. Since the st. is a plea for the preservation from the effects of sin (cf. the fear expressed in 4/5-8 that the speaker will be separated from God at death) and since the intercalary cl. síðan mætti ór of eydask / andar sár ‘may {our wounds of the soul} [SINS] then be wiped out’ [3-4] is an explicit wish to be cleansed of sin, it appears plausible that lát mik firðan meini should be translated ‘let every harm (= sin) be removed from me’.

ljónum ‘men’

(not checked:)
ljónar (noun m.): men

notes

[1-2, 4] lát mik firðan hverju meini þvís ljónum granda ‘let me be removed from every hard evil which injures men’: In constructions introduced by the verb lata ‘let’ and containing passive forms the inf. of the modal verb (vera) is often omitted (cf. LP, 362), as it is here: lát mik [vera] firðan ... This construction can be translated more liberally as: ‘let me be cleansed of every harm ... which injures men’. However such verbs as firra ‘to remove’ are often construed with the dat. of ‘what is removed’ and with the acc. of the person, ‘from whom’ something is removed (cf. LP: firra); the passive construction lát mik [vera] firðan hverju meini thus corresponds to an active construction firra mik meini ‘to remove me from harm’, i.e. ‘to remove harm from me’. Since the st. is a plea for the preservation from the effects of sin (cf. the fear expressed in 4/5-8 that the speaker will be separated from God at death) and since the intercalary cl. síðan mætti ór of eydask / andar sár ‘may {our wounds of the soul} [SINS] then be wiped out’ [3-4] is an explicit wish to be cleansed of sin, it appears plausible that lát mik firðan meini should be translated ‘let every harm (= sin) be removed from me’.

grandar ‘injures’

(not checked:)
granda (verb): harm, injure

notes

[1-2, 4] lát mik firðan hverju meini þvís ljónum granda ‘let me be removed from every hard evil which injures men’: In constructions introduced by the verb lata ‘let’ and containing passive forms the inf. of the modal verb (vera) is often omitted (cf. LP, 362), as it is here: lát mik [vera] firðan ... This construction can be translated more liberally as: ‘let me be cleansed of every harm ... which injures men’. However such verbs as firra ‘to remove’ are often construed with the dat. of ‘what is removed’ and with the acc. of the person, ‘from whom’ something is removed (cf. LP: firra); the passive construction lát mik [vera] firðan hverju meini thus corresponds to an active construction firra mik meini ‘to remove me from harm’, i.e. ‘to remove harm from me’. Since the st. is a plea for the preservation from the effects of sin (cf. the fear expressed in 4/5-8 that the speaker will be separated from God at death) and since the intercalary cl. síðan mætti ór of eydask / andar sár ‘may {our wounds of the soul} [SINS] then be wiped out’ [3-4] is an explicit wish to be cleansed of sin, it appears plausible that lát mik firðan meini should be translated ‘let every harm (= sin) be removed from me’.

Flotna ‘of mariners’

(not checked:)
flotnar (noun m.): mariners

kennings

Flotna ‘of mariners’

(not checked:)
flotnar (noun m.): mariners

kennings

vildak ‘I would wish’

(not checked:)
vilja (verb): want, intend

frá ‘from’

(not checked:)
frá (prep.): from

þér ‘you’

(not checked:)
þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

aldri ‘never’

(not checked:)
aldri (adv.): never

frið ‘’

(not checked:)
friðr (noun m.): peace < friðgeymandi (noun m.)

ferð ‘of the troop’

(not checked:)
ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey < ferðgeymandi (noun m.)

[6] ferðgeymandi: friðgeymandi 649a

kennings

notes

[6] ferðgeymandi, skiliðr verða: All eds follow Unger in emending the ms. reading frið ‘peace’ to ferð ‘journey, troop’ since the metre requires aðalhending with verð- (Bugge 1874, 934 n. 1).

ferð ‘of the troop’

(not checked:)
ferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-arMork 196¹²)): host, journey < ferðgeymandi (noun m.)

[6] ferðgeymandi: friðgeymandi 649a

kennings

notes

[6] ferðgeymandi, skiliðr verða: All eds follow Unger in emending the ms. reading frið ‘peace’ to ferð ‘journey, troop’ since the metre requires aðalhending with verð- (Bugge 1874, 934 n. 1).

geymandi ‘Guardian’

(not checked:)
geymandi (noun m.): [Guardian] < ferðgeymandi (noun m.)geymandi (noun m.): [Guardian] < friðgeymandi (noun m.)

[6] ferðgeymandi: friðgeymandi 649a

kennings

notes

[6] ferðgeymandi, skiliðr verða: All eds follow Unger in emending the ms. reading frið ‘peace’ to ferð ‘journey, troop’ since the metre requires aðalhending with verð- (Bugge 1874, 934 n. 1).

skiliðr ‘parted’

(not checked:)
1. skilja (verb): separate, understand

notes

[6] ferðgeymandi, skiliðr verða: All eds follow Unger in emending the ms. reading frið ‘peace’ to ferð ‘journey, troop’ since the metre requires aðalhending with verð- (Bugge 1874, 934 n. 1).

verða ‘to be’

(not checked:)
1. verða (verb): become, be

notes

[6] ferðgeymandi, skiliðr verða: All eds follow Unger in emending the ms. reading frið ‘peace’ to ferð ‘journey, troop’ since the metre requires aðalhending with verð- (Bugge 1874, 934 n. 1).

uggr ‘anxious’

(not checked:)
uggr (adj.): anxious, fearful

notes

[7] uggr es mér ‘I am anxious’: This phrase can be translated more literally as ‘the fear exists for me’, i.e. ‘I have a fear’.

es ‘am’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

notes

[7] uggr es mér ‘I am anxious’: This phrase can be translated more literally as ‘the fear exists for me’, i.e. ‘I have a fear’.

mér ‘I’

(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

notes

[7] uggr es mér ‘I am anxious’: This phrase can be translated more literally as ‘the fear exists for me’, i.e. ‘I have a fear’.

hvárt ‘whether’

(not checked:)
hvárt (adv.): whether

þá ‘at the time’

(not checked:)
2. þá (adv.): then

[7] þá: þat 649a

notes

[7] þá ‘then’: The ms. reading is þat ‘that’. All eds follow Bugge in emending the demonstrative pron. þat ‘that’ to the adv. þá ‘then’ (cf. Bugge 1874, 934 n. 2). — [8]: The cl. es heimar skiptask refers to the departure from ‘this world’ to ‘the other’ or ‘the next’ at death (cf. Bugge 1874, 934 n. 3).

þá ‘at the time’

(not checked:)
2. þá (adv.): then

[7] þá: þat 649a

notes

[7] þá ‘then’: The ms. reading is þat ‘that’. All eds follow Bugge in emending the demonstrative pron. þat ‘that’ to the adv. þá ‘then’ (cf. Bugge 1874, 934 n. 2). — [8]: The cl. es heimar skiptask refers to the departure from ‘this world’ to ‘the other’ or ‘the next’ at death (cf. Bugge 1874, 934 n. 3).

mák ‘I shall be able’

(not checked:)
mega (verb): may, might

þiggja ‘to receive’

(not checked:)
þiggja (verb): receive, get

þessa ‘this’

(not checked:)
1. sjá (pron.; °gen. þessa dat. þessum/þeima, acc. þenna; f. sjá/þessi; n. þetta, dat. þessu/þvísa; pl. þessir): this

notes

[8]: The cl. es heimar skiptask refers to the departure from ‘this world’ to ‘the other’ or ‘the next’ at death (cf. Bugge 1874, 934 n. 3).

gipt ‘grace’

(not checked:)
gift (noun f.): gift

notes

[8]: The cl. es heimar skiptask refers to the departure from ‘this world’ to ‘the other’ or ‘the next’ at death (cf. Bugge 1874, 934 n. 3).

es ‘when’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

notes

[8]: The cl. es heimar skiptask refers to the departure from ‘this world’ to ‘the other’ or ‘the next’ at death (cf. Bugge 1874, 934 n. 3).

heimar ‘worlds’

(not checked:)
heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world

notes

[8]: The cl. es heimar skiptask refers to the departure from ‘this world’ to ‘the other’ or ‘the next’ at death (cf. Bugge 1874, 934 n. 3).

skiptask ‘are exchanged’

(not checked:)
skipta (verb): share, divide, exchange

notes

[8]: The cl. es heimar skiptask refers to the departure from ‘this world’ to ‘the other’ or ‘the next’ at death (cf. Bugge 1874, 934 n. 3).