Gamlkan Jóndr 3VII
Beatrice La Farge (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Jónsdrápa 3’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 135-6.
Systrungr ‘The cousin’
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systrungr (noun m.; °; -ar): [cousin]
kennings
Systrungr hilmis ýta‘The cousin of the protector of men ’
= John
the protector of men → RULER = God
The cousin of the RULERGOD → John
notes
[1-2] systrungr hilmis ýta ‘the cousin of the protector of men [RULER = God (= Christ) > = John]’: John is so called because his mother was thought to be a sister of Christ’s mother Mary (cf. Jón4 1874, 466; AÍ I, 56; HómÍsl 1993, 94).
hefr ‘has’
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hafa (verb): have
nú ‘now’
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nú (adv.): now
alt ‘all’
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allr (adj.): all
þats ‘that’
[1] þats: þat 649a
notes
[1] þats ‘that’: Since the rel. particle es/er is required at the beginning of the subordinate cl. æstir ýta hilmis giptu flýti, all eds follow Bugge in emending þat to þats (= þat es; 1874, 934 n. 2).
æstir ‘he asks’
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æsta (verb): ask, request
ýta ‘of men’
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ýtr (noun m.): man; launcher
kennings
Systrungr hilmis ýta‘The cousin of the protector of men ’
= John
the protector of men → RULER = God
The cousin of the RULERGOD → John
notes
[1-2] systrungr hilmis ýta ‘the cousin of the protector of men [RULER = God (= Christ) > = John]’: John is so called because his mother was thought to be a sister of Christ’s mother Mary (cf. Jón4 1874, 466; AÍ I, 56; HómÍsl 1993, 94).
ýta ‘of men’
(not checked:)
ýtr (noun m.): man; launcher
kennings
Systrungr hilmis ýta‘The cousin of the protector of men ’
= John
the protector of men → RULER = God
The cousin of the RULERGOD → John
notes
[1-2] systrungr hilmis ýta ‘the cousin of the protector of men [RULER = God (= Christ) > = John]’: John is so called because his mother was thought to be a sister of Christ’s mother Mary (cf. Jón4 1874, 466; AÍ I, 56; HómÍsl 1993, 94).
hilmis ‘of the protector’
(not checked:)
hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
kennings
Systrungr hilmis ýta‘The cousin of the protector of men ’
= John
the protector of men → RULER = God
The cousin of the RULERGOD → John
notes
[1-2] systrungr hilmis ýta ‘the cousin of the protector of men [RULER = God (= Christ) > = John]’: John is so called because his mother was thought to be a sister of Christ’s mother Mary (cf. Jón4 1874, 466; AÍ I, 56; HómÍsl 1993, 94).
hilmis ‘of the protector’
(not checked:)
hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
kennings
Systrungr hilmis ýta‘The cousin of the protector of men ’
= John
the protector of men → RULER = God
The cousin of the RULERGOD → John
notes
[1-2] systrungr hilmis ýta ‘the cousin of the protector of men [RULER = God (= Christ) > = John]’: John is so called because his mother was thought to be a sister of Christ’s mother Mary (cf. Jón4 1874, 466; AÍ I, 56; HómÍsl 1993, 94).
giptu ‘of grace’
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1. gifta (noun f.): grace, fortune
kennings
flýti giptu,‘of the conveyor of grace, ’
= God
the conveyor of grace, → God
flýti ‘of the conveyor’
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flýtir (noun m.): hastener
kennings
flýti giptu,‘of the conveyor of grace, ’
= God
the conveyor of grace, → God
sólar ‘of the sun’
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sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun
kennings
deili vangs sólar‘the ruler of the meadow of the sun ’
= God
the meadow of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
sólar ‘of the sun’
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sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun
kennings
deili vangs sólar‘the ruler of the meadow of the sun ’
= God
the meadow of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
vangs ‘of the meadow’
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1. vangr (noun m.): field, plain
kennings
deili vangs sólar‘the ruler of the meadow of the sun ’
= God
the meadow of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
vangs ‘of the meadow’
(not checked:)
1. vangr (noun m.): field, plain
kennings
deili vangs sólar‘the ruler of the meadow of the sun ’
= God
the meadow of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
með ‘with’
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með (prep.): with
sjǫlfum ‘himself’
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sjalfr (adj.): self
deili ‘the ruler’
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deilir (noun m.): ruler, ordainer
kennings
deili vangs sólar‘the ruler of the meadow of the sun ’
= God
the meadow of the sun → SKY/HEAVEN
the ruler of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
synða ‘sin’
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synð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): sin < synðalauss (adj.): sinless, sin-free
lauss ‘less’
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lauss (adj.; °compar. lausari): loose, free, without < synðalauss (adj.): sinless, sin-free
í ‘in’
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í (prep.): in, into
fullu ‘perfect’
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2. fullr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): full, complete
ynði ‘joy’
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ynði (noun n.; °-s): pleasure
Dróttinn ‘the Lord’
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dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
valði ‘chose’
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velja (verb): choose
drengja ‘of valiant men’
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drengr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja): man, warrior
kennings
sætti drengja‘for the reconciler of valiant men ’
= HOLY MAN = John
for the reconciler of valiant men → HOLY MAN = John
notes
[5] sætti drengja ‘reconciler of valiant men’: Paasche (1914a, 109) interprets the designation of John as sættir drengia ‘reconciler of valiant men’ as an allusion to an admonition ascribed to the aged John by S. Jerome: filioli, diligite alterutrum ‘little children, love one another’. Lange (1958a, 83) regards it an example of the application to John of a term ordinarily used of God or Christ.
sætti ‘for the reconciler’
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sættir (noun m.): reconciler
kennings
sætti drengja‘for the reconciler of valiant men ’
= HOLY MAN = John
for the reconciler of valiant men → HOLY MAN = John
notes
[5] sætti drengja ‘reconciler of valiant men’: Paasche (1914a, 109) interprets the designation of John as sættir drengia ‘reconciler of valiant men’ as an allusion to an admonition ascribed to the aged John by S. Jerome: filioli, diligite alterutrum ‘little children, love one another’. Lange (1958a, 83) regards it an example of the application to John of a term ordinarily used of God or Christ.
dyggra ‘a more virtuous’
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dyggr (adj.; °dyggvan/dyggan; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri, superl. -vastr/-astr/-str): trustworthy
líf ‘life’
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líf (noun n.; °-s; -): life
an ‘than’
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2. an (conj.): than
menn ‘men’
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
of ‘’
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4. of (particle): (before verb)
hyggi ‘can imagine’
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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider
alla ‘all’
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allr (adj.): all
notes
[7-8] Jón postoli hlaut alla dýrð af engla stilli ‘John the apostle was allotted all glory by {the ruler of the angels} [= God]’: This sentence can be translated literally: ‘John the Apostle drew by lot (hlaut) all glory from {the ruler of the angels}’ [= God].
hlaut ‘was allotted’
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hljóta (verb): alot, gain
notes
[7-8] Jón postoli hlaut alla dýrð af engla stilli ‘John the apostle was allotted all glory by {the ruler of the angels} [= God]’: This sentence can be translated literally: ‘John the Apostle drew by lot (hlaut) all glory from {the ruler of the angels}’ [= God].
af ‘by’
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af (prep.): from
notes
[7-8] Jón postoli hlaut alla dýrð af engla stilli ‘John the apostle was allotted all glory by {the ruler of the angels} [= God]’: This sentence can be translated literally: ‘John the Apostle drew by lot (hlaut) all glory from {the ruler of the angels}’ [= God].
engla ‘of the angels’
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1. engill (noun m.; °engils; englar): angel
kennings
engla stilli.‘the ruler of the angels.’
= God
the ruler of the angels. → God
notes
[7-8] Jón postoli hlaut alla dýrð af engla stilli ‘John the apostle was allotted all glory by {the ruler of the angels} [= God]’: This sentence can be translated literally: ‘John the Apostle drew by lot (hlaut) all glory from {the ruler of the angels}’ [= God].
stilli ‘the ruler’
(not checked:)
stillir (noun m.): ruler
kennings
engla stilli.‘the ruler of the angels.’
= God
the ruler of the angels. → God
notes
[7-8] Jón postoli hlaut alla dýrð af engla stilli ‘John the apostle was allotted all glory by {the ruler of the angels} [= God]’: This sentence can be translated literally: ‘John the Apostle drew by lot (hlaut) all glory from {the ruler of the angels}’ [= God].
Jón ‘John’
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Jón (noun m.): John, Jón
notes
[7-8] Jón postoli hlaut alla dýrð af engla stilli ‘John the apostle was allotted all glory by {the ruler of the angels} [= God]’: This sentence can be translated literally: ‘John the Apostle drew by lot (hlaut) all glory from {the ruler of the angels}’ [= God].
postoli ‘the Apostle’
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postuli (noun m.; °-a; -ar): apostle
notes
[7-8] Jón postoli hlaut alla dýrð af engla stilli ‘John the apostle was allotted all glory by {the ruler of the angels} [= God]’: This sentence can be translated literally: ‘John the Apostle drew by lot (hlaut) all glory from {the ruler of the angels}’ [= God].
dýrð ‘glory’
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dýrð (noun f.; °-ar/-a(NoDipl(1279) 44²); -ir): glory
notes
[7-8] Jón postoli hlaut alla dýrð af engla stilli ‘John the apostle was allotted all glory by {the ruler of the angels} [= God]’: This sentence can be translated literally: ‘John the Apostle drew by lot (hlaut) all glory from {the ruler of the angels}’ [= God].
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
kosti ‘circumstances’
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1. kostr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -i/-u): choice, food, goods, good quality
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The cousin of the protector of men [RULER = God (= Christ) > = John] has now all that he asks of the conveyor of grace [= God (= Christ)], sinless in perfect joy with the ruler of the meadow of the sun [SKY/HEAVEN > = God] himself; the Lord chose for the reconciler of valiant men [HOLY MAN = John] a more virtuous life and circumstances than men can imagine; John the Apostle was allotted all glory by the ruler of the angels [= God].
This st. is prefaced with the remark: Af náveru hifneskrar Jerusalem í sælu Johannis segir hann svá ‘About the presence of John in the bliss of the heavenly Jerusalem [lit. the presence of the heavenly Jerusalem in the bliss of John] he says as follows’ (Jón4 1874, 510).
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