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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Gamlkan Jóndr 2^VII

Beatrice La Farge (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Jónsdrápa 2’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 134-5.

Gamli kanóki Jónsdrápa

Brigð ‘Changes’

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2. brigð (noun n.; °; -): [Changes]

kómu ‘came about’

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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come

þess ‘in that’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

brátt ‘abruptly’

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bráðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): quick(ly)

es ‘which’

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2. er (conj.): who, which, when

hugði ‘thought’

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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider

bǫl ‘the bale’

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bǫl (noun n.; °-s, dat. bǫlvi): evil < bǫlfyldr (adj.)

fyldr ‘ful’

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fylla (verb): fill < bǫlfyldr (adj.)

konungr ‘king’

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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king

verða ‘happen’

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1. verða (verb): become, be

skyldu ‘should’

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skulu (verb): shall, should, must

harðla ‘very’

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harðla (adv.): very, highly, greatly

fljótt ‘quickly’

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2. fljótr (adj.): quick

þvít ‘for’

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þvít (conj.): because, since

huggan ‘comfort’

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huggun (noun f.; °hugganar/huggunar; hugganir): comfort

veitti ‘granted’

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2. veita (verb): grant, give

hregg ‘of the storm’

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hregg (noun n.): storm < hreggskrín (noun n.)

kennings

jǫfurr hreggskríns
‘the lord of the storm-shrine ’
= God
the storm-shrine → HEAVEN
the lord of the HEAVEN → God

hregg ‘of the storm’

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hregg (noun n.): storm < hreggskrín (noun n.)

kennings

jǫfurr hreggskríns
‘the lord of the storm-shrine ’
= God
the storm-shrine → HEAVEN
the lord of the HEAVEN → God

skríns ‘shrine’

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skrín (noun n.; °-s; -): shrine < hreggskrín (noun n.)

kennings

jǫfurr hreggskríns
‘the lord of the storm-shrine ’
= God
the storm-shrine → HEAVEN
the lord of the HEAVEN → God

skríns ‘shrine’

(not checked:)
skrín (noun n.; °-s; -): shrine < hreggskrín (noun n.)

kennings

jǫfurr hreggskríns
‘the lord of the storm-shrine ’
= God
the storm-shrine → HEAVEN
the lord of the HEAVEN → God

jǫfurr ‘the lord’

(not checked:)
jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

kennings

jǫfurr hreggskríns
‘the lord of the storm-shrine ’
= God
the storm-shrine → HEAVEN
the lord of the HEAVEN → God

frænda ‘relative’

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frændi (noun m.): kinsman, male relative

notes

[4] frænda sínum ‘to his relative’: John is called Christ’s frændi ‘relative’ because his mother was thought to be a sister of Christ’s mother Mary (Jón⁴ 1874, 466, AÍ I, 56, HómÍsl 1993, 94; cf. the designation of John as systrungr ... ýta hilmis ‘son of the sister [systrungr] of the protector of men’ in st. 3/1-2).

sínum ‘to his’

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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)

notes

[4] frænda sínum ‘to his relative’: John is called Christ’s frændi ‘relative’ because his mother was thought to be a sister of Christ’s mother Mary (Jón⁴ 1874, 466, AÍ I, 56, HómÍsl 1993, 94; cf. the designation of John as systrungr ... ýta hilmis ‘son of the sister [systrungr] of the protector of men’ in st. 3/1-2).

Alla ‘all’

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allr (adj.): all

náði ‘was able’

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1. ná (verb): reach, get, manage

eirar ‘of mercy’

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eir (noun f.): mercy

kennings

stillis eirar,
‘of the disposer of mercy, ’
= God
the disposer of mercy, → God

stillis ‘of the disposer’

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stillir (noun m.): ruler

kennings

stillis eirar,
‘of the disposer of mercy, ’
= God
the disposer of mercy, → God

ítr ‘The noble’

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ítr (adj.): glorious

postoli ‘Apostle’

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postuli (noun m.; °-a; -ar): apostle

dýrð ‘the glory’

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dýrð (noun f.; °-ar/-a(NoDipl(1279) 44²); -ir): glory

at ‘to’

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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)

líta ‘see’

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líta (verb): look, see; appear

humra ‘of lobsters’

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humarr (noun m.): lobster

kennings

flestir þollar hreina nausts humra
‘most fir-trees of the reindeer of the boat-house of lobsters ’
= SEAFARERS
the boat-house of lobsters → SEA
the reindeer of the SEA → SHIP
most fir-trees of the SHIP → SEAFARERS

humra ‘of lobsters’

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humarr (noun m.): lobster

kennings

flestir þollar hreina nausts humra
‘most fir-trees of the reindeer of the boat-house of lobsters ’
= SEAFARERS
the boat-house of lobsters → SEA
the reindeer of the SEA → SHIP
most fir-trees of the SHIP → SEAFARERS

humra ‘of lobsters’

(not checked:)
humarr (noun m.): lobster

kennings

flestir þollar hreina nausts humra
‘most fir-trees of the reindeer of the boat-house of lobsters ’
= SEAFARERS
the boat-house of lobsters → SEA
the reindeer of the SEA → SHIP
most fir-trees of the SHIP → SEAFARERS

nausts ‘of the boat-house’

(not checked:)
naust (noun n.; °-s/-(Fær 137¹); -): boathouse

kennings

flestir þollar hreina nausts humra
‘most fir-trees of the reindeer of the boat-house of lobsters ’
= SEAFARERS
the boat-house of lobsters → SEA
the reindeer of the SEA → SHIP
most fir-trees of the SHIP → SEAFARERS

nausts ‘of the boat-house’

(not checked:)
naust (noun n.; °-s/-(Fær 137¹); -): boathouse

kennings

flestir þollar hreina nausts humra
‘most fir-trees of the reindeer of the boat-house of lobsters ’
= SEAFARERS
the boat-house of lobsters → SEA
the reindeer of the SEA → SHIP
most fir-trees of the SHIP → SEAFARERS

nausts ‘of the boat-house’

(not checked:)
naust (noun n.; °-s/-(Fær 137¹); -): boathouse

kennings

flestir þollar hreina nausts humra
‘most fir-trees of the reindeer of the boat-house of lobsters ’
= SEAFARERS
the boat-house of lobsters → SEA
the reindeer of the SEA → SHIP
most fir-trees of the SHIP → SEAFARERS

þás ‘of which’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

hǫfðu ‘have’

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hafa (verb): have

flestir ‘most’

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fleiri (adj. comp.; °superl. flestr): more, most

kennings

flestir þollar hreina nausts humra
‘most fir-trees of the reindeer of the boat-house of lobsters ’
= SEAFARERS
the boat-house of lobsters → SEA
the reindeer of the SEA → SHIP
most fir-trees of the SHIP → SEAFARERS

hreina ‘of the reindeer’

(not checked:)
1. hreinn (noun m.; °; hreinar): reindeer

[8] hreina: hreinir 649a

kennings

flestir þollar hreina nausts humra
‘most fir-trees of the reindeer of the boat-house of lobsters ’
= SEAFARERS
the boat-house of lobsters → SEA
the reindeer of the SEA → SHIP
most fir-trees of the SHIP → SEAFARERS

notes

[8] hreina ‘(gen. pl.) of reindeer’: The ms. reading is hreinir, which would be nom. pl. of the adj. hreinn ‘pure’. The subject of the sentence is evidently an extended (rekit) man-kenning whose base-word is a term for ‘tree’ (þollar ‘fir-trees’). The last part of the determinant is clearly itself a kenning for ‘sea’ (humra naust ‘boat-house of lobsters’). Since a man-kenning ‘tree of the sea’ would be without parallel, all eds follow Bugge and emend hreinir to hreina (gen. pl. of hreinn ‘reindeer’; Bugge 1874, 934 nn. 1 and 4). This yields a man-kenning of the type ‘tree of the ship’ (cf. Meissner, 278).

hreina ‘of the reindeer’

(not checked:)
1. hreinn (noun m.; °; hreinar): reindeer

[8] hreina: hreinir 649a

kennings

flestir þollar hreina nausts humra
‘most fir-trees of the reindeer of the boat-house of lobsters ’
= SEAFARERS
the boat-house of lobsters → SEA
the reindeer of the SEA → SHIP
most fir-trees of the SHIP → SEAFARERS

notes

[8] hreina ‘(gen. pl.) of reindeer’: The ms. reading is hreinir, which would be nom. pl. of the adj. hreinn ‘pure’. The subject of the sentence is evidently an extended (rekit) man-kenning whose base-word is a term for ‘tree’ (þollar ‘fir-trees’). The last part of the determinant is clearly itself a kenning for ‘sea’ (humra naust ‘boat-house of lobsters’). Since a man-kenning ‘tree of the sea’ would be without parallel, all eds follow Bugge and emend hreinir to hreina (gen. pl. of hreinn ‘reindeer’; Bugge 1874, 934 nn. 1 and 4). This yields a man-kenning of the type ‘tree of the ship’ (cf. Meissner, 278).

þollar ‘fir-trees’

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þollr (noun m.): fir-tree

kennings

flestir þollar hreina nausts humra
‘most fir-trees of the reindeer of the boat-house of lobsters ’
= SEAFARERS
the boat-house of lobsters → SEA
the reindeer of the SEA → SHIP
most fir-trees of the SHIP → SEAFARERS

fréttir ‘reports’

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frétt (noun f.): report

einar ‘only’

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2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

Prefaced to this st. is the explanation: Af eitrliga grímd Domiciani keisara ok veizlum várs dróttins til Johannem i Pathmos segir hann svá ‘About the poisonous enmity of the emperor Domitian and the aid of Our Lord to John on Patmos he says the following’ (Jón⁴ 1874, 510). This is a reference to the torture to which Domitian is said to have subjected John in Rome (he was placed in a vat of boiling oil, from which he emerged unscathed) and to John’s banishment to the stone-quarries on the island of Patmos, where he was granted the visions described in the Book of Revelation (cf. Jón⁴ 1874, 474-8).

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