Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 64

Katrina Attwood

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Gamlkan Has 64^VII

Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 64’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 130-1.

Gamli kanóki Harmsól

63 64 65

[1] þanns: þann B

s ‘which’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

[1] þanns: þann B

heitir ‘is called’

(not checked:)
2. heita (verb): be called, promise

Harmsól ‘Harmsól’

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harmsól (noun f.): harmsól

notes

[2] Harmsól: Lit. ‘sorrow-sun’. The title of the poem draws together many of its central themes. Harmsól may be taken as a kenning for Christ, whose harmr ‘pain, injury’ is the subject of the poem’s central meditation, and who is apostrophised throughout the poem in kennings referring to his mastery of the weather and his lordship over the heavenly halls of the sun. At another level, the poem itself, as a public act of penance and a meditation on the grace of God, has acted as a ‘sun’, dissipating the clouds of the poet’s own harmr ‘sorrow’, his grief and shame at his own sinfulness. See further Paasche 1914a, 116-18.

fetil ‘of strap’

(not checked:)
fetill (noun m.; °dat. fatli/fetli; fetlar): strap, sword-belt < fetilkjǫlr (noun m.)

[2] fetilkjóla: ‘fe[...]l kiosa’ B, ‘fe(ti)lkiosa’(?) 399a‑bˣ, ‘fæ[...](i)l kiosa’(?) BRydberg, ‘fe (ti)l kiosa’(?) BFJ

kennings

hugprúða herðendr hríðar fetilkjóla.
‘strong-minded hardeners of the storm of strap-ships. ’
= WARRIORS
strap-ships. → SHIELDS
the storm of SHIELDS → BATTLE
strong-minded hardeners of the BATTLE → WARRIORS

fetil ‘of strap’

(not checked:)
fetill (noun m.; °dat. fatli/fetli; fetlar): strap, sword-belt < fetilkjǫlr (noun m.)

[2] fetilkjóla: ‘fe[...]l kiosa’ B, ‘fe(ti)lkiosa’(?) 399a‑bˣ, ‘fæ[...](i)l kiosa’(?) BRydberg, ‘fe (ti)l kiosa’(?) BFJ

kennings

fetil ‘of strap’

(not checked:)
fetill (noun m.; °dat. fatli/fetli; fetlar): strap, sword-belt < fetilkjǫlr (noun m.)

[2] fetilkjóla: ‘fe[...]l kiosa’ B, ‘fe(ti)lkiosa’(?) 399a‑bˣ, ‘fæ[...](i)l kiosa’(?) BRydberg, ‘fe (ti)l kiosa’(?) BFJ

kennings

kjóla ‘ships’

(not checked:)
kjóll (noun m.): ship < fetilkjǫlr (noun m.)

[2] fetilkjóla: ‘fe[...]l kiosa’ B, ‘fe(ti)lkiosa’(?) 399a‑bˣ, ‘fæ[...](i)l kiosa’(?) BRydberg, ‘fe (ti)l kiosa’(?) BFJ

kennings

kjóla ‘ships’

(not checked:)
kjóll (noun m.): ship < fetilkjǫlr (noun m.)

[2] fetilkjóla: ‘fe[...]l kiosa’ B, ‘fe(ti)lkiosa’(?) 399a‑bˣ, ‘fæ[...](i)l kiosa’(?) BRydberg, ‘fe (ti)l kiosa’(?) BFJ

kennings

kjóla ‘ships’

(not checked:)
kjóll (noun m.): ship < fetilkjǫlr (noun m.)

[2] fetilkjóla: ‘fe[...]l kiosa’ B, ‘fe(ti)lkiosa’(?) 399a‑bˣ, ‘fæ[...](i)l kiosa’(?) BRydberg, ‘fe (ti)l kiosa’(?) BFJ

kennings

fyr ‘before’

(not checked:)
fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.

hug ‘strong’

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hugr (noun m.): mind, thought, courage < hugprúðr (adj.): proud

kennings

prúða ‘minded’

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prúðr (adj.; °superl. -astr): magnificent, proud < hugprúðr (adj.): proud

kennings

hríðar ‘of the storm’

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hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm

kennings

hríðar ‘of the storm’

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hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm

kennings

herðendr ‘hardeners’

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1. herðandi (noun m.): strengthener

kennings

borinn ‘borne’

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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry

verða ‘to be’

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1. verða (verb): become, be

Mér ‘for me’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

biði ‘ask’

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biðja (verb; °biðr; bað, báðu; beðinn (beiþ- Martin¹ 573, bỏþ- HákEirsp 661, cf. ed. intr. xl)): ask for, order, pray

hverr ‘each’

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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every

kennings

Hverr œski-Þrór unnrǫðla,
‘May each craving-Þrór of wave-suns ’
= MAN
wave-suns → GOLD
May each craving-Þrór of the GOLD → MAN

es ‘who’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

heyrir ‘hears’

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2. heyra (verb): hear

heim ‘the world’

(not checked:)
heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world < heimspennir (noun m.)

kennings

heimspenni
‘the world-clasper ’
= God
the world-clasper → God

spenni ‘clasper’

(not checked:)
spennir (noun m.): clasper < heimspennir (noun m.)

kennings

heimspenni
‘the world-clasper ’
= God
the world-clasper → God

brag ‘poem’

(not checked:)
bragr (noun m.; °-ar): poem, poetry

þenna ‘this’

(not checked:)
1. sjá (pron.; °gen. þessa dat. þessum/þeima, acc. þenna; f. sjá/þessi; n. þetta, dat. þessu/þvísa; pl. þessir): this

[6] þenna: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘þenn[...]’ B

œski ‘craving’

(not checked:)
œskja (verb): [wish for] < œskiþrór (noun m.)

kennings

Hverr œski-Þrór unnrǫðla,
‘May each craving-Þrór of wave-suns ’
= MAN
wave-suns → GOLD
May each craving-Þrór of the GOLD → MAN

notes

[7] œski-Þrór ‘craving-Þrór’: That is, each man who craves wave-suns, i.e. gold. Þrór is listed as a heiti for Óðinn in Gylf (SnE 1982, 22). Although it occurs rather infrequently in man-kennings, (LP: Þrór), it is interesting to compare the warrior-kenning Þrós þingveljandi ‘decider of Þrór’s assembly’ in Pl 49/3-4.

Þrór ‘Þrór’

(not checked:)
Þrór (noun m.): Þrór < œskiþrór (noun m.)

kennings

Hverr œski-Þrór unnrǫðla,
‘May each craving-Þrór of wave-suns ’
= MAN
wave-suns → GOLD
May each craving-Þrór of the GOLD → MAN

notes

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

eirar ‘compassion’

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eir (noun f.): mercy

unn ‘of wave’

(not checked:)
2. unnr (noun f.): wave < unnrǫðull (noun m.)

kennings

Hverr œski-Þrór unnrǫðla,
‘May each craving-Þrór of wave-suns ’
= MAN
wave-suns → GOLD
May each craving-Þrór of the GOLD → MAN

unn ‘of wave’

(not checked:)
2. unnr (noun f.): wave < unnrǫðull (noun m.)

kennings

Hverr œski-Þrór unnrǫðla,
‘May each craving-Þrór of wave-suns ’
= MAN
wave-suns → GOLD
May each craving-Þrór of the GOLD → MAN

rǫðla ‘suns’

(not checked:)
rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body < unnrǫðull (noun m.)

kennings

Hverr œski-Þrór unnrǫðla,
‘May each craving-Þrór of wave-suns ’
= MAN
wave-suns → GOLD
May each craving-Þrór of the GOLD → MAN

rǫðla ‘suns’

(not checked:)
rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body < unnrǫðull (noun m.)

kennings

Hverr œski-Þrór unnrǫðla,
‘May each craving-Þrór of wave-suns ’
= MAN
wave-suns → GOLD
May each craving-Þrór of the GOLD → MAN

miskunnar ‘for mercy’

(not checked:)
miskunn (noun f.; °-ar; gen. -a): forgiveness, mercy, grace

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Gamlkan Has 64VII

Létum ‘We [I] caused’

hróðr ‘the praise-poem’

þann ‘’

s ‘which’

heitir ‘is called’

Harmsól ‘Harmsól’

notes

fetil ‘of strap’

kennings

fetil ‘of strap’

kennings

fetil ‘of strap’

kennings

kjóla ‘ships’

kennings

kjóla ‘ships’

kennings

kjóla ‘ships’

kennings

fyr ‘before’

hug ‘strong’

kennings

prúða ‘minded’

kennings

hríðar ‘of the storm’

kennings

hríðar ‘of the storm’

kennings

herðendr ‘hardeners’

kennings

borinn ‘borne’

verða ‘to be’

Mér ‘for me’

biði ‘ask’

hverr ‘each’

kennings

es ‘who’

heyrir ‘hears’

heim ‘the world’

kennings

spenni ‘clasper’

kennings

brag ‘poem’

þenna ‘this’

œski ‘craving’

kennings

notes

Þrór ‘Þrór’

kennings

notes

ok ‘and’

eirar ‘compassion’

unn ‘of wave’

kennings

unn ‘of wave’

kennings

rǫðla ‘suns’

kennings

rǫðla ‘suns’

kennings

miskunnar ‘for mercy’

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Gamlkan Has 64^VII