Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 59’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 126.
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hlutr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ir, acc. -i/-u): part, thing
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mega (verb): may, might
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
[1] hvern: ‘hu[...]n’ B, ‘hu(er)n’(?) 399a‑bˣ
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til (prep.): to
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gotnar (noun m.): men
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happ (noun n.; °-s; *-): fortune, luck < happkunnigr (adj.)
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kunnigr (adj.; °acc. kunngan/kunnigan; compar. -ari; superl. -astr): known < happkunnigr (adj.)
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miskunn (noun f.; °-ar; gen. -a): forgiveness, mercy, grace
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rammligr (adj.): strong
[3] ramligs bús af ræsi: A strikingly similar l. occurs in Leið 43/7 ramligt hús, þars reistum. Jón Helgason (1935-6, 262) objects to the Christ-kenning ræsir bús rǫðuls ‘king of the dwelling of the sun’, as rǫðuls bú ‘sun’s dwelling’ is apparently without parallel in the skaldic corpus. Jón suggests that bús be emended to býs, which gives the Christ-kenning ræsir býs rǫðuls ‘king of the farm of the sun’, which occurs again at Líkn 19/3. The ms. reading is certain, and the Líkn kenning could well be an ‘embroidery’ on Has. There seems little justification for adopting Jón’s emendation here.
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rammligr (adj.): strong
[3] ramligs bús af ræsi: A strikingly similar l. occurs in Leið 43/7 ramligt hús, þars reistum. Jón Helgason (1935-6, 262) objects to the Christ-kenning ræsir bús rǫðuls ‘king of the dwelling of the sun’, as rǫðuls bú ‘sun’s dwelling’ is apparently without parallel in the skaldic corpus. Jón suggests that bús be emended to býs, which gives the Christ-kenning ræsir býs rǫðuls ‘king of the farm of the sun’, which occurs again at Líkn 19/3. The ms. reading is certain, and the Líkn kenning could well be an ‘embroidery’ on Has. There seems little justification for adopting Jón’s emendation here.
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1. bú (noun n.; °-s, dat. -i/-(Landsl 39, DN III (1367) 279¹, DN XII (*1348AM 902 a) 73³⁰); -): homestead
[3] ramligs bús af ræsi: A strikingly similar l. occurs in Leið 43/7 ramligt hús, þars reistum. Jón Helgason (1935-6, 262) objects to the Christ-kenning ræsir bús rǫðuls ‘king of the dwelling of the sun’, as rǫðuls bú ‘sun’s dwelling’ is apparently without parallel in the skaldic corpus. Jón suggests that bús be emended to býs, which gives the Christ-kenning ræsir býs rǫðuls ‘king of the farm of the sun’, which occurs again at Líkn 19/3. The ms. reading is certain, and the Líkn kenning could well be an ‘embroidery’ on Has. There seems little justification for adopting Jón’s emendation here.
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1. bú (noun n.; °-s, dat. -i/-(Landsl 39, DN III (1367) 279¹, DN XII (*1348AM 902 a) 73³⁰); -): homestead
[3] ramligs bús af ræsi: A strikingly similar l. occurs in Leið 43/7 ramligt hús, þars reistum. Jón Helgason (1935-6, 262) objects to the Christ-kenning ræsir bús rǫðuls ‘king of the dwelling of the sun’, as rǫðuls bú ‘sun’s dwelling’ is apparently without parallel in the skaldic corpus. Jón suggests that bús be emended to býs, which gives the Christ-kenning ræsir býs rǫðuls ‘king of the farm of the sun’, which occurs again at Líkn 19/3. The ms. reading is certain, and the Líkn kenning could well be an ‘embroidery’ on Has. There seems little justification for adopting Jón’s emendation here.
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af (prep.): from
[3] ramligs bús af ræsi: A strikingly similar l. occurs in Leið 43/7 ramligt hús, þars reistum. Jón Helgason (1935-6, 262) objects to the Christ-kenning ræsir bús rǫðuls ‘king of the dwelling of the sun’, as rǫðuls bú ‘sun’s dwelling’ is apparently without parallel in the skaldic corpus. Jón suggests that bús be emended to býs, which gives the Christ-kenning ræsir býs rǫðuls ‘king of the farm of the sun’, which occurs again at Líkn 19/3. The ms. reading is certain, and the Líkn kenning could well be an ‘embroidery’ on Has. There seems little justification for adopting Jón’s emendation here.
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ræsir (noun m.): ruler
[3] ramligs bús af ræsi: A strikingly similar l. occurs in Leið 43/7 ramligt hús, þars reistum. Jón Helgason (1935-6, 262) objects to the Christ-kenning ræsir bús rǫðuls ‘king of the dwelling of the sun’, as rǫðuls bú ‘sun’s dwelling’ is apparently without parallel in the skaldic corpus. Jón suggests that bús be emended to býs, which gives the Christ-kenning ræsir býs rǫðuls ‘king of the farm of the sun’, which occurs again at Líkn 19/3. The ms. reading is certain, and the Líkn kenning could well be an ‘embroidery’ on Has. There seems little justification for adopting Jón’s emendation here.
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rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body
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rǫðull (noun m.; °dat. rǫðli): heavenly body
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María (noun f.): Mary
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ǫðla (verb): gain
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[5] vest ‘you are’: Normalisation of the ms. reading ‘vertu’ to vest is required if the metre and aðalhending are to be preserved. But compare 14/7 and 61/1, where the r-form is confirmed by the rhyme. The ms., as one would expect, always has r. The change is thought to have taken place in Iceland during the second half of C12th (ANG §§317.4, 498, Anm. 6), and it is likely either that Gamli’s own usage fluctuated between the <s>- and <r>-forms or that he exploited the instability of the phoneme by using an archaic form as and when his rhyme required one.
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ávallt (adv.): always
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3. at (prep.): at, to
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traust (noun n.; °-s/-): support, protection
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2. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -): honour < vegstýrir (noun m.)
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2. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -): honour < vegstýrir (noun m.)
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stýrir (noun m.): ruler, controller < vegstýrir (noun m.)
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stýrir (noun m.): ruler, controller < vegstýrir (noun m.)
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
[6] mér: ‘[...]’ B, ‘[...]er’ 399a‑bˣ
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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious
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mildr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): mild, gentle, gracious, generous
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4. at (conj.): that
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2. missa (verb): lose, lack
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aldri (adv.): never
[8] móðir * yðvars góða: B’s guðs is metrically otiose, and also, as indicated by the prose order above, semantically so. Its inclusion in B is probably best explained as a lapse by the copyist, distracted by the coexistence of the words Máría and móðir into writing the liturgical commonplace móðir guðs ‘mother of God’.
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1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God
[8] móðir * yðvars góða: B’s guðs is metrically otiose, and also, as indicated by the prose order above, semantically so. Its inclusion in B is probably best explained as a lapse by the copyist, distracted by the coexistence of the words Máría and móðir into writing the liturgical commonplace móðir guðs ‘mother of God’.
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yðvarr (pron.; °f. yður; pl. yðrir): your
[8] yðvars: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘ydu[...]’ B
[8] móðir * yðvars góða: B’s guðs is metrically otiose, and also, as indicated by the prose order above, semantically so. Its inclusion in B is probably best explained as a lapse by the copyist, distracted by the coexistence of the words Máría and móðir into writing the liturgical commonplace móðir guðs ‘mother of God’.
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góði (noun m.): [goodwill]
[8] móðir * yðvars góða: B’s guðs is metrically otiose, and also, as indicated by the prose order above, semantically so. Its inclusion in B is probably best explained as a lapse by the copyist, distracted by the coexistence of the words Máría and móðir into writing the liturgical commonplace móðir guðs ‘mother of God’.
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