Gamlkan Has 55VII
Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 55’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 122.
Brigðr ‘fickle’
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brigðr (adj.): fickle
es ‘is’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
heimr ‘The world’
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heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world
s ‘which’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
hugðak ‘I thought’
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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider
hann ‘it’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
døkkvir ‘darkens’
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døkkva (verb; °-kkð-): grow dark, darken
sið ‘behaviour’
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siðr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -u): faith, morals
notes
[3] … verðr lýðr á láði: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 30 n. 68) reconstructs the first word of the l. as opt ‘often’, giving the second cl. lýðr á láði opt verðr lastauðigr ‘people on earth often become rich in sin’. This suggestion is adopted by Skj B, Skald and Black.
verðr ‘become’
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1. verða (verb): become, be
[3] verðr: ‘[...]dr’ B, ‘[...]erdr’ 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, ‘[...]erdr’ BFJ
notes
[3] … verðr lýðr á láði: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 30 n. 68) reconstructs the first word of the l. as opt ‘often’, giving the second cl. lýðr á láði opt verðr lastauðigr ‘people on earth often become rich in sin’. This suggestion is adopted by Skj B, Skald and Black.
lýðr ‘people’
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lýðr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir): one of the people
notes
[3] … verðr lýðr á láði: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 30 n. 68) reconstructs the first word of the l. as opt ‘often’, giving the second cl. lýðr á láði opt verðr lastauðigr ‘people on earth often become rich in sin’. This suggestion is adopted by Skj B, Skald and Black.
á ‘on’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
notes
[3] … verðr lýðr á láði: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 30 n. 68) reconstructs the first word of the l. as opt ‘often’, giving the second cl. lýðr á láði opt verðr lastauðigr ‘people on earth often become rich in sin’. This suggestion is adopted by Skj B, Skald and Black.
láði ‘earth’
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2. láð (noun n.): earth, land
notes
[3] … verðr lýðr á láði: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (1844, 30 n. 68) reconstructs the first word of the l. as opt ‘often’, giving the second cl. lýðr á láði opt verðr lastauðigr ‘people on earth often become rich in sin’. This suggestion is adopted by Skj B, Skald and Black.
last ‘in sin’
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last (noun n.; °-): fault, sin, vice < lastauðigr (adj.)
auðigr ‘rich’
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auðigr (adj.; °auðgan/auðigan; compar. auðgari/auðigri, superl. auðgastr/auðigastr): wealthy < lastauðigr (adj.)
vin ‘as a friend’
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vinr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/(-i OsvReyk 92.17); -ir): friend < vinfastr (adj.): loyal to friends
[4] vinfastan: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘vinfast[...]’ B
fastan ‘steadfast’
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fastr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): firm, fast < vinfastr (adj.): loyal to friends
[4] vinfastan: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘vinfast[...]’ B
Eykr ‘increases’
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1. auka (verb; °eykr; jók, jóku/juku): (str. intrans.) increase
s ‘who’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
eigi ‘does not’
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3. eigi (adv.): not
rœkir ‘heed’
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rœkja (verb): care, look after
orð ‘words’
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orð (noun n.; °-s; -): word
notes
[6] orð þín, friðar tínir ‘your words, gatherer of peace [= God]’: This l. recalls the account of the Passion of Christ in sts 23 and 24. The God-kenning, tínir friðar ‘gatherer of peace’, may be a deliberate echo of tínir bauga ‘gatherer of rings’, which characterises the penitent thief in 23/6. The diction and content also parallel the description of God’s promises, which offer the thief hope in 24/8 þín heit, veitir friðar ‘your promises, giver of peace’.
þín ‘your’
(not checked:)
þinn (pron.; °f. þín, n. þitt): your
notes
[6] orð þín, friðar tínir ‘your words, gatherer of peace [= God]’: This l. recalls the account of the Passion of Christ in sts 23 and 24. The God-kenning, tínir friðar ‘gatherer of peace’, may be a deliberate echo of tínir bauga ‘gatherer of rings’, which characterises the penitent thief in 23/6. The diction and content also parallel the description of God’s promises, which offer the thief hope in 24/8 þín heit, veitir friðar ‘your promises, giver of peace’.
friðar ‘of peace’
(not checked:)
friðr (noun m.): peace
kennings
tínir friðar.‘gatherer of peace.’
= God
gatherer of peace. → God
notes
[6] orð þín, friðar tínir ‘your words, gatherer of peace [= God]’: This l. recalls the account of the Passion of Christ in sts 23 and 24. The God-kenning, tínir friðar ‘gatherer of peace’, may be a deliberate echo of tínir bauga ‘gatherer of rings’, which characterises the penitent thief in 23/6. The diction and content also parallel the description of God’s promises, which offer the thief hope in 24/8 þín heit, veitir friðar ‘your promises, giver of peace’.
tínir ‘gatherer’
(not checked:)
tínir (noun m.): gatherer
kennings
tínir friðar.‘gatherer of peace.’
= God
gatherer of peace. → God
notes
[6] orð þín, friðar tínir ‘your words, gatherer of peace [= God]’: This l. recalls the account of the Passion of Christ in sts 23 and 24. The God-kenning, tínir friðar ‘gatherer of peace’, may be a deliberate echo of tínir bauga ‘gatherer of rings’, which characterises the penitent thief in 23/6. The diction and content also parallel the description of God’s promises, which offer the thief hope in 24/8 þín heit, veitir friðar ‘your promises, giver of peace’.
hjǫrva ‘of swords’
(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
kennings
Þollr hjǫrva,‘The fir-tree of swords, ’
= WARRIOR
The fir-tree of swords, → WARRIOR
þollr ‘The fir-tree’
(not checked:)
þollr (noun m.): fir-tree
kennings
Þollr hjǫrva,‘The fir-tree of swords, ’
= WARRIOR
The fir-tree of swords, → WARRIOR
en ‘but’
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2. en (conj.): but, and
hylli ‘favour’
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hylli (noun f.; °-): favour
hans ‘its [the world’s]’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
leitar ‘seeks’
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leita (verb): seek, look for, attack
sér ‘his own’
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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)
vansa ‘shame’
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vansi (noun m.; °-a): disgrace
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