Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 36’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 104-5.
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dómr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): judgement; court; -dom, -ness (suffix) < dómsorð (noun n.): °sentence, judgement, verdict
[1] dómsorði ‘judgement’: The cpd refers specifically to Christ’s Judgement of humanity. Cf. Fritzner: dómsorð; Lange 1958a, 148.
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orð (noun n.; °-s; -): word < dómsorð (noun n.): °sentence, judgement, verdict
[1] dómsorði ‘judgement’: The cpd refers specifically to Christ’s Judgement of humanity. Cf. Fritzner: dómsorð; Lange 1958a, 148.
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1. lúka (verb): end, close
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dýrð (noun f.; °-ar/-a(NoDipl(1279) 44²); -ir): glory
[1-2] valdr dróttar dýrðar ‘the ruler of the company of glory [ANGELS > = God]’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) understands this phrase as han som giver mennesken hæder ‘he who gives men glory’. This seems dubious, since the cl. as a whole relates to God’s passing judgement on men. Kock (NN §2112A) prefers to take both dýrðar and dróttar as gen., forming an angel-kenning meaning ‘company of glory’ or (if dýrð ‘glory’ can be used metaphorically, as in Modern English, to mean ‘heaven’) ‘company of heaven’. The valdr ‘ruler’ of this company is God.
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dýrð (noun f.; °-ar/-a(NoDipl(1279) 44²); -ir): glory
[1-2] valdr dróttar dýrðar ‘the ruler of the company of glory [ANGELS > = God]’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) understands this phrase as han som giver mennesken hæder ‘he who gives men glory’. This seems dubious, since the cl. as a whole relates to God’s passing judgement on men. Kock (NN §2112A) prefers to take both dýrðar and dróttar as gen., forming an angel-kenning meaning ‘company of glory’ or (if dýrð ‘glory’ can be used metaphorically, as in Modern English, to mean ‘heaven’) ‘company of heaven’. The valdr ‘ruler’ of this company is God.
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1. drótt (noun f.): troop
[1-2] valdr dróttar dýrðar ‘the ruler of the company of glory [ANGELS > = God]’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) understands this phrase as han som giver mennesken hæder ‘he who gives men glory’. This seems dubious, since the cl. as a whole relates to God’s passing judgement on men. Kock (NN §2112A) prefers to take both dýrðar and dróttar as gen., forming an angel-kenning meaning ‘company of glory’ or (if dýrð ‘glory’ can be used metaphorically, as in Modern English, to mean ‘heaven’) ‘company of heaven’. The valdr ‘ruler’ of this company is God.
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1. drótt (noun f.): troop
[1-2] valdr dróttar dýrðar ‘the ruler of the company of glory [ANGELS > = God]’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) understands this phrase as han som giver mennesken hæder ‘he who gives men glory’. This seems dubious, since the cl. as a whole relates to God’s passing judgement on men. Kock (NN §2112A) prefers to take both dýrðar and dróttar as gen., forming an angel-kenning meaning ‘company of glory’ or (if dýrð ‘glory’ can be used metaphorically, as in Modern English, to mean ‘heaven’) ‘company of heaven’. The valdr ‘ruler’ of this company is God.
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valdr (noun m.): ruler
[1-2] valdr dróttar dýrðar ‘the ruler of the company of glory [ANGELS > = God]’: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) understands this phrase as han som giver mennesken hæder ‘he who gives men glory’. This seems dubious, since the cl. as a whole relates to God’s passing judgement on men. Kock (NN §2112A) prefers to take both dýrðar and dróttar as gen., forming an angel-kenning meaning ‘company of glory’ or (if dýrð ‘glory’ can be used metaphorically, as in Modern English, to mean ‘heaven’) ‘company of heaven’. The valdr ‘ruler’ of this company is God.
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3. á (prep.): on, at
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ǫld (noun f.; °; aldir): people, age
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þar (adv.): there
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greina (verb): explain, divide
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lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop
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ljónar (noun m.): men
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loks (adv.): finally
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í (prep.): in, into
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tvennr (adj.): two
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flokkr (noun m.): group, flock
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spenja (verb): entice
[5] spǫnð lætr ǫll til ynðis: Cf. Pl 54/5, spanði ítr til ynðis.
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
[5] spǫnð lætr ǫll til ynðis: Cf. Pl 54/5, spanði ítr til ynðis.
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allr (adj.): all
[5] spǫnð lætr ǫll til ynðis: Cf. Pl 54/5, spanði ítr til ynðis.
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til (prep.): to
[5] spǫnð lætr ǫll til ynðis: Cf. Pl 54/5, spanði ítr til ynðis.
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ynði (noun n.; °-s): pleasure
[5] spǫnð lætr ǫll til ynðis: Cf. Pl 54/5, spanði ítr til ynðis.
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ótti (noun m.; °-a): fear < óttlauss (adj.): fearless
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lauss (adj.; °compar. lausari): loose, free, without < óttlauss (adj.): fearless
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af (prep.): from
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1. mót (noun n.; °; -): meeting
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sunna (noun f.): sun
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sunna (noun f.): sun
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sunna (noun f.): sun
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hvél (noun n.; °; -): wheel
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hvél (noun n.; °; -): wheel
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hvél (noun n.; °; -): wheel
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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1. sæla (noun f.; °-u; -ur): bliss
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
[8] sín bǫrn ‘his children’: The tone and phraseology recall Malachi’s prophecy of the Day of the Lord: et erunt mihi ait Dominus exercituum in die qua ego facio in peculium et parcam eis sicus parcit vir filio suo servienti sibi ‘and they shall be my special possession, saith the Lord of hosts, in the day that I do judgement: and I will spare them, as a man spareth his son that serveth him’ (Mal. III.17).
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barn (noun n.; °-s; bǫrn/barn(JKr 345³), dat. bǫrnum/barnum): child
[8] sín bǫrn ‘his children’: The tone and phraseology recall Malachi’s prophecy of the Day of the Lord: et erunt mihi ait Dominus exercituum in die qua ego facio in peculium et parcam eis sicus parcit vir filio suo servienti sibi ‘and they shall be my special possession, saith the Lord of hosts, in the day that I do judgement: and I will spare them, as a man spareth his son that serveth him’ (Mal. III.17).
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
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fjǫrnir (noun m.): helmet
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fjǫrnir (noun m.): helmet
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Dómsorði lýkr dýrðar |
The ruler of the company of glory [ANGELS > = God] will pass judgement on men, where the host of men [MANKIND] will finally divide into two groups. The king of the helmet of the wheel of the sun [SUN > SKY/HEAVEN > = God] causes all his children to be drawn without fear from that gathering to joy and bliss.
The division of men into two groups at the Last Judgement is a commonplace of Christian eschatology. The locus classicus is the parable of the sheep and the goats in Matt. XXV.32: et congregabuntur ante eum omnes gentes et separabit eos ab invicem sicut pastor segregat oves ab hedis ‘and all nations shall be gathered together before him, and he shall separate them one from another, as the shepherd separateth the sheep from the goats’. The same idea is expressed in Arnórr jarlaskáld’s helmingr on the Last Judgement mentioned in the Note to st. 33/2-3.
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