Gamlkan Has 32VII
Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 32’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 100-1.
kennings
Alls engr ísheims jóskreytandi‘horse-adorner of the ice-world’
= SEAFARER
the ice-world → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
Not a single adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
notes
[1] engr: B’s engi makes the l. hypermetrical, so has been emended to engr.
mun ‘will’
(not checked:)
munu (verb): will, must
alls ‘a single’
(not checked:)
allr (adj.): all
kennings
Alls engr ísheims jóskreytandi‘horse-adorner of the ice-world’
= SEAFARER
the ice-world → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
Not a single adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
á ‘at’
(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at
notes
[1] á þingi ‘at the assembly’: For a similar use of the indigenous term þing ‘assembly, meeting’ to refer to the gathering of men at the Last Judgement, see Líkn 27/1 á þingi þessu and 26/6 til alþingis.
þingi ‘assembly’
(not checked:)
þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly
[1] þingi: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘þing[...]’ B
notes
[1] á þingi ‘at the assembly’: For a similar use of the indigenous term þing ‘assembly, meeting’ to refer to the gathering of men at the Last Judgement, see Líkn 27/1 á þingi þessu and 26/6 til alþingis.
ís ‘of the ice’
(not checked:)
íss (noun m.; °íss; dat. ísi/ís; ísar): ice < ísheimr (noun m.)
kennings
Alls engr ísheims jóskreytandi‘horse-adorner of the ice-world’
= SEAFARER
the ice-world → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
Not a single adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
ís ‘of the ice’
(not checked:)
íss (noun m.; °íss; dat. ísi/ís; ísar): ice < ísheimr (noun m.)
kennings
Alls engr ísheims jóskreytandi‘horse-adorner of the ice-world’
= SEAFARER
the ice-world → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
Not a single adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
ís ‘of the ice’
(not checked:)
íss (noun m.; °íss; dat. ísi/ís; ísar): ice < ísheimr (noun m.)
kennings
Alls engr ísheims jóskreytandi‘horse-adorner of the ice-world’
= SEAFARER
the ice-world → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
Not a single adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
heims ‘world’
(not checked:)
heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world < ísheimr (noun m.)
kennings
Alls engr ísheims jóskreytandi‘horse-adorner of the ice-world’
= SEAFARER
the ice-world → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
Not a single adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
heims ‘world’
(not checked:)
heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world < ísheimr (noun m.)
kennings
Alls engr ísheims jóskreytandi‘horse-adorner of the ice-world’
= SEAFARER
the ice-world → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
Not a single adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
heims ‘world’
(not checked:)
heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world < ísheimr (noun m.)
kennings
Alls engr ísheims jóskreytandi‘horse-adorner of the ice-world’
= SEAFARER
the ice-world → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
Not a single adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
vesa ‘be’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
jó ‘of the horse’
(not checked:)
jór (noun m.): stallion, steed < jóskreytandi (noun m.)
kennings
Alls engr ísheims jóskreytandi‘horse-adorner of the ice-world’
= SEAFARER
the ice-world → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
Not a single adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
jó ‘of the horse’
(not checked:)
jór (noun m.): stallion, steed < jóskreytandi (noun m.)
kennings
Alls engr ísheims jóskreytandi‘horse-adorner of the ice-world’
= SEAFARER
the ice-world → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
Not a single adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
skreytandi ‘adorner’
(not checked:)
skreytandi (noun m.): adorner < jóskreytandi (noun m.)
kennings
Alls engr ísheims jóskreytandi‘horse-adorner of the ice-world’
= SEAFARER
the ice-world → SEA
the horse of the SEA → SHIP
Not a single adorner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
ítrum ‘the glorious’
(not checked:)
ítr (adj.): glorious
ótta ‘fear’
(not checked:)
ótti (noun m.; °-a): fear < óttalauss (adj.): fearless
notes
[4] óttalauss fyr dróttni ‘fearless before the Lord’: Lines on this pattern occur frequently in Christian poetry. Cf. Has 36/6 óttlaust af því móti ‘fearless from the meeting’, and Líkn 52/6 óttlaust með þér dróttinn ‘fearless with you, Lord’. Almost identical ll. occur three times in Leið, always in sts describing the peace of heaven, where the saved will live óttalauss með dróttni ‘fearless with the Lord’, either as a result of their own prayers (40/6), or of Christ’s intervention at the Last Judgement (41/8). The first refrain in Leið, which describes the praise of angels and men, contains the l. óttlaust ok lið dróttni (13/6).
lauss ‘less’
(not checked:)
lauss (adj.; °compar. lausari): loose, free, without < óttalauss (adj.): fearless
notes
[4] óttalauss fyr dróttni ‘fearless before the Lord’: Lines on this pattern occur frequently in Christian poetry. Cf. Has 36/6 óttlaust af því móti ‘fearless from the meeting’, and Líkn 52/6 óttlaust með þér dróttinn ‘fearless with you, Lord’. Almost identical ll. occur three times in Leið, always in sts describing the peace of heaven, where the saved will live óttalauss með dróttni ‘fearless with the Lord’, either as a result of their own prayers (40/6), or of Christ’s intervention at the Last Judgement (41/8). The first refrain in Leið, which describes the praise of angels and men, contains the l. óttlaust ok lið dróttni (13/6).
fyr ‘before’
(not checked:)
fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
[4] fyr: ‘[...]iri’ B, til 399a‑bˣ
notes
[4] óttalauss fyr dróttni ‘fearless before the Lord’: Lines on this pattern occur frequently in Christian poetry. Cf. Has 36/6 óttlaust af því móti ‘fearless from the meeting’, and Líkn 52/6 óttlaust með þér dróttinn ‘fearless with you, Lord’. Almost identical ll. occur three times in Leið, always in sts describing the peace of heaven, where the saved will live óttalauss með dróttni ‘fearless with the Lord’, either as a result of their own prayers (40/6), or of Christ’s intervention at the Last Judgement (41/8). The first refrain in Leið, which describes the praise of angels and men, contains the l. óttlaust ok lið dróttni (13/6).
dróttni ‘Lord’
(not checked:)
dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
[4] dróttni: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘[...]rottne’ B
notes
[4] óttalauss fyr dróttni ‘fearless before the Lord’: Lines on this pattern occur frequently in Christian poetry. Cf. Has 36/6 óttlaust af því móti ‘fearless from the meeting’, and Líkn 52/6 óttlaust með þér dróttinn ‘fearless with you, Lord’. Almost identical ll. occur three times in Leið, always in sts describing the peace of heaven, where the saved will live óttalauss með dróttni ‘fearless with the Lord’, either as a result of their own prayers (40/6), or of Christ’s intervention at the Last Judgement (41/8). The first refrain in Leið, which describes the praise of angels and men, contains the l. óttlaust ok lið dróttni (13/6).
éla ‘of storms’
(not checked:)
él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm
kennings
mæts jǫfurs vangs éla‘of the worthy king of the field of storms ’
= God
the field of storms → SKY/HEAVEN
the worthy king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[5-8] mæts jǫfurs vangs éla ‘of the worthy king of the field of storms’: Cf. the God-kenning frægr valderir foldar éls ‘famous keeper of the earth of the storm’ in Pl 26/5-7.
éla ‘of storms’
(not checked:)
él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm
kennings
mæts jǫfurs vangs éla‘of the worthy king of the field of storms ’
= God
the field of storms → SKY/HEAVEN
the worthy king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[5-8] mæts jǫfurs vangs éla ‘of the worthy king of the field of storms’: Cf. the God-kenning frægr valderir foldar éls ‘famous keeper of the earth of the storm’ in Pl 26/5-7.
vangs ‘of the field’
(not checked:)
1. vangr (noun m.): field, plain
kennings
mæts jǫfurs vangs éla‘of the worthy king of the field of storms ’
= God
the field of storms → SKY/HEAVEN
the worthy king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[5-8] mæts jǫfurs vangs éla ‘of the worthy king of the field of storms’: Cf. the God-kenning frægr valderir foldar éls ‘famous keeper of the earth of the storm’ in Pl 26/5-7.
vangs ‘of the field’
(not checked:)
1. vangr (noun m.): field, plain
kennings
mæts jǫfurs vangs éla‘of the worthy king of the field of storms ’
= God
the field of storms → SKY/HEAVEN
the worthy king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[5-8] mæts jǫfurs vangs éla ‘of the worthy king of the field of storms’: Cf. the God-kenning frægr valderir foldar éls ‘famous keeper of the earth of the storm’ in Pl 26/5-7.
þvít ‘for’
(not checked:)
þvít (conj.): because, since
englar ‘angels’
(not checked:)
1. engill (noun m.; °engils; englar): angel
notes
[5-6] sjalfir englar … skjalfa ‘the very angels [of the Lord] will tremble’: Black (1971, 222) notes that HómÍsl sermon for All Saints’ Day has an interesting parallel: þar es ótte sva mikill oc andvare at þeim dóme at þa skiálfa englar guþs oc aller helger meɴ ‘there will be such great terror and trepidation at the Judgement that the angels of God and all holy men will tremble’ (HómÍsl 1872, 45). That the saints will tremble at the Second Coming is also mentioned in the sermon on the Holy Spirit: eɴda muno skiálfa aller helger. mikil mon þa ógn í heime vera. es conungr kømr reíþr ‘and so all the saints will tremble, there will be great terror in the world, when the king comes in anger’ (HómÍsl 1872, 214). That the earth, and its inhabitants, will tremble at the day of the Lord is a biblical commonplace (see, for example, Ps. CXIII.7; Joel II.1, 10).
jǫfurs ‘king’
(not checked:)
jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
kennings
mæts jǫfurs vangs éla‘of the worthy king of the field of storms ’
= God
the field of storms → SKY/HEAVEN
the worthy king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[5-8] mæts jǫfurs vangs éla ‘of the worthy king of the field of storms’: Cf. the God-kenning frægr valderir foldar éls ‘famous keeper of the earth of the storm’ in Pl 26/5-7.
skjalfa ‘will tremble’
(not checked:)
1. skjalfa (verb): shake - intrans.
notes
[5-6] sjalfir englar … skjalfa ‘the very angels [of the Lord] will tremble’: Black (1971, 222) notes that HómÍsl sermon for All Saints’ Day has an interesting parallel: þar es ótte sva mikill oc andvare at þeim dóme at þa skiálfa englar guþs oc aller helger meɴ ‘there will be such great terror and trepidation at the Judgement that the angels of God and all holy men will tremble’ (HómÍsl 1872, 45). That the saints will tremble at the Second Coming is also mentioned in the sermon on the Holy Spirit: eɴda muno skiálfa aller helger. mikil mon þa ógn í heime vera. es conungr kømr reíþr ‘and so all the saints will tremble, there will be great terror in the world, when the king comes in anger’ (HómÍsl 1872, 214). That the earth, and its inhabitants, will tremble at the day of the Lord is a biblical commonplace (see, for example, Ps. CXIII.7; Joel II.1, 10).
þá ‘then’
(not checked:)
2. þá (adv.): then
sjalfir ‘the very’
(not checked:)
sjalfr (adj.): self
notes
[5-6] sjalfir englar … skjalfa ‘the very angels [of the Lord] will tremble’: Black (1971, 222) notes that HómÍsl sermon for All Saints’ Day has an interesting parallel: þar es ótte sva mikill oc andvare at þeim dóme at þa skiálfa englar guþs oc aller helger meɴ ‘there will be such great terror and trepidation at the Judgement that the angels of God and all holy men will tremble’ (HómÍsl 1872, 45). That the saints will tremble at the Second Coming is also mentioned in the sermon on the Holy Spirit: eɴda muno skiálfa aller helger. mikil mon þa ógn í heime vera. es conungr kømr reíþr ‘and so all the saints will tremble, there will be great terror in the world, when the king comes in anger’ (HómÍsl 1872, 214). That the earth, and its inhabitants, will tremble at the day of the Lord is a biblical commonplace (see, for example, Ps. CXIII.7; Joel II.1, 10).
ógn ‘terror’
(not checked:)
ógn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): terror, battle
tekr ‘will begin’
(not checked:)
2. taka (verb): take
môttug ‘mighty’
(not checked:)
máttigr (adj.; °compar. -ari/-ri, superl. -astr): mighty
magnask ‘to increase’
(not checked:)
magna (verb): strengthen, increase
mæts ‘of the worthy’
(not checked:)
mætr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): honoured, respected
kennings
mæts jǫfurs vangs éla‘of the worthy king of the field of storms ’
= God
the field of storms → SKY/HEAVEN
the worthy king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[5-8] mæts jǫfurs vangs éla ‘of the worthy king of the field of storms’: Cf. the God-kenning frægr valderir foldar éls ‘famous keeper of the earth of the storm’ in Pl 26/5-7.
við ‘with’
(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against
ugg ‘fear’
(not checked:)
uggr (noun m.; °dat. -): fear
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
hræzlu ‘dread’
(not checked:)
hræzla (noun f.; °-u): fear, terror
[8] hræzlu: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘hrę[...]’ B
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
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Engr mun alls á þingi |
Not a single adorner of the horse of the ice-world [(lit. ‘horse-adorner of the ice-world’) SEA > SHIP > SEAFARER] will be fearless before the glorious Lord at this assembly, for the very angels of the worthy king of the field of storms [SKY/HEAVEN > = God] will tremble then with fear and dread; mighty terror will begin to increase.
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