Gamlkan Has 30VII
Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 30’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 99.
Ítr ‘the glorious’
(not checked:)
ítr (adj.): glorious
lofar ‘praise’
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lof (noun n.; °-s; -): praise, leave, permission
engla ‘of angels’
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1. engill (noun m.; °engils; englar): angel
sveitar ‘of the company’
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sveit (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): host, company
allr ‘All’
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allr (adj.): all
herr ‘host’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
salar ‘of the hall’
(not checked:)
1. salr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; dat. sǫlum): hall
kennings
vǫrð* salar fjalla‘the guardian of the hall of the mountains ’
= God
the hall of the mountains → SKY/HEAVEN
the guardian of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[2] salar fjalla ‘(of the) hall of the mountains [SKY/HEAVEN]’: In addition to Leið 1/2 (see previous Note), the identical heaven-kenning occurs in a lv. in Gunnl (GunnlI Lv 8/2V [Gunnl 13]) and in a couplet from Hallv Knútdr 8/2III.
salar ‘of the hall’
(not checked:)
1. salr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; dat. sǫlum): hall
kennings
vǫrð* salar fjalla‘the guardian of the hall of the mountains ’
= God
the hall of the mountains → SKY/HEAVEN
the guardian of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[2] salar fjalla ‘(of the) hall of the mountains [SKY/HEAVEN]’: In addition to Leið 1/2 (see previous Note), the identical heaven-kenning occurs in a lv. in Gunnl (GunnlI Lv 8/2V [Gunnl 13]) and in a couplet from Hallv Knútdr 8/2III.
fjalla ‘of the mountains’
(not checked:)
1. fjall (noun n.): mountain
kennings
vǫrð* salar fjalla‘the guardian of the hall of the mountains ’
= God
the hall of the mountains → SKY/HEAVEN
the guardian of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[2] salar fjalla ‘(of the) hall of the mountains [SKY/HEAVEN]’: In addition to Leið 1/2 (see previous Note), the identical heaven-kenning occurs in a lv. in Gunnl (GunnlI Lv 8/2V [Gunnl 13]) and in a couplet from Hallv Knútdr 8/2III.
fjalla ‘of the mountains’
(not checked:)
1. fjall (noun n.): mountain
kennings
vǫrð* salar fjalla‘the guardian of the hall of the mountains ’
= God
the hall of the mountains → SKY/HEAVEN
the guardian of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[2] salar fjalla ‘(of the) hall of the mountains [SKY/HEAVEN]’: In addition to Leið 1/2 (see previous Note), the identical heaven-kenning occurs in a lv. in Gunnl (GunnlI Lv 8/2V [Gunnl 13]) and in a couplet from Hallv Knútdr 8/2III.
víst ‘certainly’
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1. víss (adj.): wise, certain(ly)
með ‘with’
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með (prep.): with
veg ‘honour’
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2. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -): honour < vegsemð (noun f.)
semð ‘’
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-semð (noun f.): (?) < vegsemð (noun f.)
hæstri ‘the highest’
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hœgri (adj. comp.): higher, highest
vǫrð* ‘the guardian’
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vǫrðr (noun m.; °varðar, dat. verði/vǫrð; verðir, acc. vǫrðu): guardian, defender
[4] vǫrð*: ‘vo᷎rðr’ B
kennings
vǫrð* salar fjalla‘the guardian of the hall of the mountains ’
= God
the hall of the mountains → SKY/HEAVEN
the guardian of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[4] vǫrð* ‘warden, guardian’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (n. to 444ˣ transcription and 1844, 23) corrects to vǫrð, which has been accepted by all eds.
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
menn ‘men’
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
á ‘on’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
jǫrðu ‘earth’
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jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth
Ern ‘The powerful’
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ern (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): powerful
[5-8] abbrev. as ‘Ern skop haudr ok hlýr[…]’ B
kennings
Ern valdr heims‘The powerful ruler of the world ’
= God
The powerful ruler of the world → God
notes
[5-8] ern skóp … konungr betri: The first l. of the stef is written out. Repetition of the stef (from st. 20) is indicated by a marginal obelos.
notes
[5-8] ern skóp … konungr betri: The first l. of the stef is written out. Repetition of the stef (from st. 20) is indicated by a marginal obelos.
hauðr ‘earth’
(not checked:)
hauðr (noun n.): earth, ground
[5-8] abbrev. as ‘Ern skop haudr ok hlýr[…]’ B
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
hlýrni ‘heaven’
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hlýrnir (noun m.): heaven, heavenly body
heims ‘of the world’
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heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world
kennings
Ern valdr heims‘The powerful ruler of the world ’
= God
The powerful ruler of the world → God
valdr ‘ruler’
(not checked:)
valdr (noun m.): ruler
kennings
Ern valdr heims‘The powerful ruler of the world ’
= God
The powerful ruler of the world → God
sem ‘as well as’
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sem (conj.): as, which
kyn ‘the kinsfolk’
(not checked:)
1. kyn (noun n.; °-s; -): kin
kennings
kyn beima;‘the kinsfolk of men; ’
= MANKIND
the kinsfolk of men; → MANKIND
beima ‘of men’
(not checked:)
beimi (noun m.; °; -ar): man
kennings
kyn beima;‘the kinsfolk of men; ’
= MANKIND
the kinsfolk of men; → MANKIND
ǫrr ‘the generous’
(not checked:)
ǫrr (adj.): generous, brave
kennings
ǫrr konungr élsetrs‘the generous king of the storm-seat ’
= God
the storm-seat → SKY/HEAVEN
the generous king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
s ‘is’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
ǫllu ‘than everything’
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allr (adj.): all
dýrri ‘more precious’
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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious
él ‘of the storm’
(not checked:)
él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm < élsetr (noun n.): storm-seat
kennings
ǫrr konungr élsetrs‘the generous king of the storm-seat ’
= God
the storm-seat → SKY/HEAVEN
the generous king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
él ‘of the storm’
(not checked:)
él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm < élsetr (noun n.): storm-seat
kennings
ǫrr konungr élsetrs‘the generous king of the storm-seat ’
= God
the storm-seat → SKY/HEAVEN
the generous king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
setrs ‘seat’
(not checked:)
setr (noun n.; °-s; -): seat, abode < élsetr (noun n.): storm-seat
kennings
ǫrr konungr élsetrs‘the generous king of the storm-seat ’
= God
the storm-seat → SKY/HEAVEN
the generous king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
setrs ‘seat’
(not checked:)
setr (noun n.; °-s; -): seat, abode < élsetr (noun n.): storm-seat
kennings
ǫrr konungr élsetrs‘the generous king of the storm-seat ’
= God
the storm-seat → SKY/HEAVEN
the generous king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
konungr ‘king’
(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
kennings
ǫrr konungr élsetrs‘the generous king of the storm-seat ’
= God
the storm-seat → SKY/HEAVEN
the generous king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
notes
[5-8] ern skóp … konungr betri: The first l. of the stef is written out. Repetition of the stef (from st. 20) is indicated by a marginal obelos.
betri ‘better’
(not checked:)
betri (adj. comp.; °superl. beztr/baztr; pos. góðr adj.): better, best
notes
[5-8] ern skóp … konungr betri: The first l. of the stef is written out. Repetition of the stef (from st. 20) is indicated by a marginal obelos.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Ítr lofar engla sveitar |
All the glorious host of the company of angels and men on earth certainly praise the guardian of the hall of the mountains [SKY/HEAVEN > = God] with the highest honour. The powerful ruler of the world [= God] created earth and heaven as well as the kinsfolk of men [MANKIND]; the generous king of the storm-seat [SKY/HEAVEN > = God] is better and more precious than everything.
[1-4]: Kock (NN §2926) follows Jón Helgason (1935-6, 252) in construing allr herr salar fjalla lofar vǫrð sveitar engla ‘all the host of the hall of the mountains [SKY/HEAVEN > ANGELS] praises the guardian of the company of angels [= God]’. This edn follows Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) in taking vǫrðr salar fjalla, which is reminiscent of harri salar fjalla ‘lord of the hall of the mountains’ in Leið 1/2, to be the God-kenning here. The sentiment of this helmingr recalls that of the first stef in Leið, and it seems reasonable to assume some influence here, though it is impossible to say which of the two poems is the senior.
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