Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 25

Katrina Attwood

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Gamlkan Has 25^VII

Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 25’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 94-5.

Gamli kanóki Harmsól

24 25 26

[1] hæsta: ‘[...]’ B, ‘ḥẹṣta’ 399a‑bˣ, ‘h(æs)ta’(?) BRydberg, ‘h(e᷎sta)’(?) BFJ

notes

[1] hæsta ‘highest’: There is a hole in the ms. at this point, and nothing is legible, except for a possible ascender to the left of the hole. 399a-bˣ reads ‘hesta’, but indicates uncertainty about the first three letters. Rydberg was certain of the <h> and the final <ta>, and reconstructed to ‘hæsta’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj A) was sure only of the <h>, but accepted Rydberg’s reconstruction, which has been adopted by all subsequent eds.

hring ‘the ring’

(not checked:)
1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword < hringþróttr (noun m.)

kennings

hring-Þrótt,
‘the ring-Þróttr ’
= MAN
the ring-Þróttr → MAN

notes

[2] hring-Þrótt ‘ring-Þróttr’: See Note to 11/4. The allusion to a repentant sinner as a ‘ring-god’ may be intended to remind one of the description of the penitent thief as tínir bauga ‘gatherer of rings’ (23/6) and auðbrjótr ‘destroyer of riches’ (24/2), and may tie Gamli’s more general moralisation into the meditation on the Crucifixion scene.

Þrótt ‘Þróttr’

(not checked:)
2. Þróttr (noun m.): Þróttr < hringþróttr (noun m.)

kennings

hring-Þrótt,
‘the ring-Þróttr ’
= MAN
the ring-Þróttr → MAN

notes

með ‘with’

(not checked:)
með (prep.): with

sér ‘him’

(not checked:)
sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)

dróttinn ‘Lord’

(not checked:)
dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master

saðr ‘The true’

(not checked:)
2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true

[3] saðr: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘sad[...]’ B

þeim ‘’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

[3] þeims (‘þeim er’): so 399a‑bˣ, ‘[...]m er’ B

s ‘who’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

[3] þeims (‘þeim er’): so 399a‑bˣ, ‘[...]m er’ B

sinna ‘of his’

(not checked:)
3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)

iðrask ‘repents’

(not checked:)
iðra (verb): repent

synða ‘sins’

(not checked:)
synð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): sin

lausn ‘absolution’

(not checked:)
lausn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar (RbHM (*1315)³ 113²)): liberation, redemption

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

ynði ‘delight’

(not checked:)
ynði (noun n.; °-s): pleasure

Ern ‘The powerful’

(not checked:)
ern (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): powerful

[5-8] abbrev. as ‘Ern skop haudr […] hlyrni’ B

kennings

Ern valdr heims
‘The powerful ruler of the world ’
= God
The powerful ruler of the world → God

skóp ‘created’

(not checked:)
2. skapa (verb): form

[5-8] abbrev. as ‘Ern skop haudr […] hlyrni’ B

hauðr ‘heaven’

(not checked:)
hauðr (noun n.): earth, ground

[5-8] abbrev. as ‘Ern skop haudr […] hlyrni’ B

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

hlýrni ‘earth’

(not checked:)
hlýrnir (noun m.): heaven, heavenly body

heims ‘of the world’

(not checked:)
heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world

kennings

Ern valdr heims
‘The powerful ruler of the world ’
= God
The powerful ruler of the world → God

valdr ‘ruler’

(not checked:)
valdr (noun m.): ruler

kennings

Ern valdr heims
‘The powerful ruler of the world ’
= God
The powerful ruler of the world → God

sem ‘as well as’

(not checked:)
sem (conj.): as, which

kyn ‘the kinsfolk’

(not checked:)
1. kyn (noun n.; °-s; -): kin

kennings

kyn beima;
‘the kinsfolk of men; ’
= MANKIND
the kinsfolk of men; → MANKIND

beima ‘of men’

(not checked:)
beimi (noun m.; °; -ar): man

kennings

kyn beima;
‘the kinsfolk of men; ’
= MANKIND
the kinsfolk of men; → MANKIND

ǫrr ‘the generous’

(not checked:)
ǫrr (adj.): generous, brave

kennings

ǫrr konungr élsetrs
‘the generous king of the storm-seat ’
= God
the storm-seat → SKY/HEAVEN
the generous king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

s ‘is’

(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

ǫllu ‘than everything’

(not checked:)
allr (adj.): all

dýrri ‘more precious’

(not checked:)
dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious

él ‘of the storm’

(not checked:)
él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm < élsetr (noun n.): storm-seat

kennings

ǫrr konungr élsetrs
‘the generous king of the storm-seat ’
= God
the storm-seat → SKY/HEAVEN
the generous king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

él ‘of the storm’

(not checked:)
él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm < élsetr (noun n.): storm-seat

kennings

ǫrr konungr élsetrs
‘the generous king of the storm-seat ’
= God
the storm-seat → SKY/HEAVEN
the generous king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

setrs ‘seat’

(not checked:)
setr (noun n.; °-s; -): seat, abode < élsetr (noun n.): storm-seat

kennings

ǫrr konungr élsetrs
‘the generous king of the storm-seat ’
= God
the storm-seat → SKY/HEAVEN
the generous king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

setrs ‘seat’

(not checked:)
setr (noun n.; °-s; -): seat, abode < élsetr (noun n.): storm-seat

kennings

ǫrr konungr élsetrs
‘the generous king of the storm-seat ’
= God
the storm-seat → SKY/HEAVEN
the generous king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

konungr ‘king’

(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king

kennings

ǫrr konungr élsetrs
‘the generous king of the storm-seat ’
= God
the storm-seat → SKY/HEAVEN
the generous king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God

betri ‘better’

(not checked:)
betri (adj. comp.; °superl. beztr/baztr; pos. góðr adj.): better, best

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

verse
prose

[1-4]: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) construes saðr dróttinn gefr hring-Þrótt, þeims íðrask, hæsta hollostu með sér, lausn synða sinna ok ynði ‘the true Lord gives the man, the one who repents, the highest favour with him, freedom from his sins and delight’. The prose arrangement adopted here, which accords with those of Kock (NN §1193) and Black (1971, 203), makes for a smoother w.o. — [5-8]: The first l. of the stef is written out. Although the scribe of B usually indicates repetition of a stef (in this case, from st. 20) by means of a marginal obelos, the mark is omitted here.

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Gamlkan Has 25VII

Hollostu ‘faith’

gefr ‘gives’

hæsta ‘the highest’

notes

hring ‘the ring’

kennings

notes

Þrótt ‘Þróttr’

kennings

notes

með ‘with’

sér ‘him’

dróttinn ‘Lord’

saðr ‘The true’

þeim ‘’

s ‘who’

sinna ‘of his’

iðrask ‘repents’

synða ‘sins’

lausn ‘absolution’

ok ‘and’

ynði ‘delight’

Ern ‘The powerful’

kennings

skóp ‘created’

hauðr ‘heaven’

ok ‘and’

hlýrni ‘earth’

heims ‘of the world’

kennings

valdr ‘ruler’

kennings

sem ‘as well as’

kyn ‘the kinsfolk’

kennings

beima ‘of men’

kennings

ǫrr ‘the generous’

kennings

s ‘is’

ok ‘and’

ǫllu ‘than everything’

dýrri ‘more precious’

él ‘of the storm’

kennings

él ‘of the storm’

kennings

setrs ‘seat’

kennings

setrs ‘seat’

kennings

konungr ‘king’

kennings

betri ‘better’

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Gamlkan Has 25^VII