Gamlkan Has 24VII
Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 24’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 93-4.
Hlaut ‘received’
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hljóta (verb): alot, gain
af ‘from’
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af (prep.): from
yðr ‘you’
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
sem ‘like’
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sem (conj.): as, which
aðrir ‘others’
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1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second
[1] aðrir: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘adr[...]’ B
auð ‘’
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1. auðr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-): wealth < auðbrjótr (noun m.): wealth-breaker
kennings
Auðbrjótr‘The destroyer of riches ’
= GENEROUS MAN
The destroyer of riches → GENEROUS MAN
brjótr ‘The destroyer of riches’
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brjótr (noun m.): breaker < auðbrjótr (noun m.): wealth-breaker
kennings
Auðbrjótr‘The destroyer of riches ’
= GENEROUS MAN
The destroyer of riches → GENEROUS MAN
megin ‘very’
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1. megin (noun n.; °-s, dat. magni/megni/megin(HirðB 398¹⁹); -): might, strength; very < meginskjótr (adj.)
skjóta ‘swift’
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2. skjótr (adj.): quick(ly) < meginskjótr (adj.)
kennings
skepjandi ríkis láðs,‘creator of the kingdom of the land, ’
= God
the kingdom of the land, → EARTH
creator of the EARTH → God
notes
[3] láðs ‘of the land’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (note to 444ˣ and 1844, 20 n. 30) suggested emendation to gen. láðs, which has been adopted by all subsequent eds.
kennings
skepjandi ríkis láðs,‘creator of the kingdom of the land, ’
= God
the kingdom of the land, → EARTH
creator of the EARTH → God
notes
[3] láðs ‘of the land’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (note to 444ˣ and 1844, 20 n. 30) suggested emendation to gen. láðs, which has been adopted by all subsequent eds.
þeir ‘those’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
s ‘who’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
lǫstum ‘sins’
eyða ‘leave off’
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2. eyða (verb; °-dd-): destroy
líkn ‘mercy’
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líkn (noun f.; °-ar; gen. -a): grace, mercy
skepjandi ‘creator’
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skepjandi (noun m.): [creator]
kennings
skepjandi ríkis láðs,‘creator of the kingdom of the land, ’
= God
the kingdom of the land, → EARTH
creator of the EARTH → God
kennings
skepjandi ríkis láðs,‘creator of the kingdom of the land, ’
= God
the kingdom of the land, → EARTH
creator of the EARTH → God
notes
[4] ríkis ‘of the kingdom’: In his prose arrangement in 444ˣ Sveinbjörn Egilsson retains B’s reading, ríki, which he takes to be the weak m. nom. sg. form of ríkr ‘powerful’, qualifying skepjandi. Kempff (1867, 37) also adopts this interpretation. There is no other example of the weak form of the adj. in such a vocative expression elsewhere in Has. In MIcel., too, the strong form is invariably used, as, for example, in such expressions as almáttigur guð ‘Almighty God’ or guð minn góður ‘my good God’. This edn therefore follows Finnur Jónsson in taking the ms.’s ‘ríki’ to represent ríki n. ‘kingdom, empire’ and emends to ríkis, governed by skepjandi (l. 4). Although there is not an exact parallel to the resultant earth-kenning láðs ríki (LP: ríki), a similar concept is found in common expressions like himinríki ‘kingdom of heaven’ and in the God-kenning konungr fróns ‘king of earth’ in Líkn 33/1-2, and there is no difficulty in characterising God as the creator (skepjandi) of either heaven or earth.
kennings
skepjandi ríkis láðs,‘creator of the kingdom of the land, ’
= God
the kingdom of the land, → EARTH
creator of the EARTH → God
notes
[4] ríkis ‘of the kingdom’: In his prose arrangement in 444ˣ Sveinbjörn Egilsson retains B’s reading, ríki, which he takes to be the weak m. nom. sg. form of ríkr ‘powerful’, qualifying skepjandi. Kempff (1867, 37) also adopts this interpretation. There is no other example of the weak form of the adj. in such a vocative expression elsewhere in Has. In MIcel., too, the strong form is invariably used, as, for example, in such expressions as almáttigur guð ‘Almighty God’ or guð minn góður ‘my good God’. This edn therefore follows Finnur Jónsson in taking the ms.’s ‘ríki’ to represent ríki n. ‘kingdom, empire’ and emends to ríkis, governed by skepjandi (l. 4). Although there is not an exact parallel to the resultant earth-kenning láðs ríki (LP: ríki), a similar concept is found in common expressions like himinríki ‘kingdom of heaven’ and in the God-kenning konungr fróns ‘king of earth’ in Líkn 33/1-2, and there is no difficulty in characterising God as the creator (skepjandi) of either heaven or earth.
Sókn ‘the battle’
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sókn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): attack, fight < sókndeilir (noun m.)
kennings
sókndeili*‘the battle-dealer ’
= WARRIOR
the battle-dealer → WARRIOR
notes
[5] sókndeili* (dat. sg.) ‘the battle-dealer’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (note to 444ˣ and 1844, 21 n. 31) first proposed this emendation of B’s sókndeilir, which has been followed by all subsequent eds.
deili* ‘-dealer’
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deilir (noun m.): ruler, ordainer < sókndeilir (noun m.)
[5] ‑deili*: ‘‑deilerr’ B
kennings
sókndeili*‘the battle-dealer ’
= WARRIOR
the battle-dealer → WARRIOR
notes
[5] sókndeili* (dat. sg.) ‘the battle-dealer’: Sveinbjörn Egilsson (note to 444ˣ and 1844, 21 n. 31) first proposed this emendation of B’s sókndeilir, which has been followed by all subsequent eds.
hézt ‘you promised’
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2. heita (verb): be called, promise
[5] hézt: ‘he[...]’ B, ‘het’ 399a‑bˣ, BFJ, ‘h(æt)’(?) BRydberg
notes
[5] hézt ‘you promised’: This edn follows Jón Helgason (1935-6, 257) in taking veitir friðar ‘giver of peace’ as vocative, rather than as the subject of the verb heita, and reconstructs to hézt 2nd pers. sg. pret. of heita ‘to promise’, rather than the 3rd sg. hét. This arrangement makes for a better parallel with the first helmingr, where the appellation – as commonly in Has – is again vocative.
sælu ‘the bliss’
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1. sæla (noun f.; °-u; -ur): bliss
sann ‘Truly’
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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true < sannvíss (adj.)
kennings
Sannvíss veitir friðar‘Truly certain giver of peace ’
= God
Truly certain giver of peace → God
víss ‘certain’
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1. víss (adj.): wise, certain(ly) < sannvíss (adj.)
kennings
Sannvíss veitir friðar‘Truly certain giver of peace ’
= God
Truly certain giver of peace → God
paradísar ‘of Paradise’
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paradís (noun f.; °-ar): paradise
notes
[6] paradísar ‘of paradise’: The first occurrence of this loan word in skaldic poetry (see LP: paradís).
gæf ‘beneficial’
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gæfr (adj.; °compar. -ari/-ri, superl. -astr): pleasing
reyndusk ‘proved’
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reyna (verb): test, try, experience
þjófi ‘to the thief’
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þjófr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): thief
þín ‘of yours’
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þinn (pron.; °f. þín, n. þitt): your
notes
[8] þín heit friðar veitir: A strikingly similar l. – sín heit friðar veitir – occurs at Pl 31/8.
heit ‘promises’
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heit (noun n.; °; -): promise
notes
[8] þín heit friðar veitir: A strikingly similar l. – sín heit friðar veitir – occurs at Pl 31/8.
friðar ‘of peace’
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friðr (noun m.): peace
kennings
Sannvíss veitir friðar‘Truly certain giver of peace ’
= God
Truly certain giver of peace → God
notes
[8] þín heit friðar veitir: A strikingly similar l. – sín heit friðar veitir – occurs at Pl 31/8.
veitir ‘giver’
(not checked:)
veitir (noun m.): giver
kennings
Sannvíss veitir friðar‘Truly certain giver of peace ’
= God
Truly certain giver of peace → God
notes
[8] þín heit friðar veitir: A strikingly similar l. – sín heit friðar veitir – occurs at Pl 31/8.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
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Hlaut af yðr sem aðrir |
The destroyer of riches [GENEROUS MAN] received very swift mercy from you, creator of the kingdom of the land [EARTH > = God (= Christ)], like those others who leave off sins. Truly certain giver of peace [= God (= Christ)] you promised the battle-dealer [WARRIOR] the bliss of Paradise; those promises of yours proved beneficial to the thief.
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