Cookies on our website

We use cookies on this website, mainly to provide a secure browsing experience but also to collect statistics on how the website is used. You can find out more about the cookies we set, the information we store and how we use it on the cookies page.

Continue

skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

Menu Search

Gamlkan Has 12VII

Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 12’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 84-5.

Gamli kanókiHarmsól
111213

Bergðak ‘I tasted’

(not checked:)
bergja (verb; °-gð-): taste

Close

brjósti ‘heart’

(not checked:)
brjóst (noun n.; °-s; -): breast, chest

Close

saurgu ‘with an unclean’

(not checked:)
saurgr (adj.): unclean, filthy

Close

byrjar ‘breeze’

(not checked:)
byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind

kennings

huggóðr jǫfurr hlunns hreins byrjar.
‘merciful prince of the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. ’
   = God

the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. → SKY/HEAVEN
merciful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Close

byrjar ‘breeze’

(not checked:)
byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind

kennings

huggóðr jǫfurr hlunns hreins byrjar.
‘merciful prince of the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. ’
   = God

the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. → SKY/HEAVEN
merciful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Close

hlunns ‘of the launching-roller’

(not checked:)
hlunnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): roller

kennings

huggóðr jǫfurr hlunns hreins byrjar.
‘merciful prince of the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. ’
   = God

the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. → SKY/HEAVEN
merciful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Close

hlunns ‘of the launching-roller’

(not checked:)
hlunnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): roller

kennings

huggóðr jǫfurr hlunns hreins byrjar.
‘merciful prince of the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. ’
   = God

the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. → SKY/HEAVEN
merciful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Close

sem ‘and’

(not checked:)
sem (conj.): as, which

Close

munni ‘mouth’

(not checked:)
munni (noun m.; °-a; -ar): [mouth]

Close

hreins ‘of the fair [lit. pure]’

(not checked:)
2. hreinn (adj.; °compar. hreinari/hreinni, superl. hreinastr/hreinstr): pure

[3] hreins: ‘hre[...]ns’ B, ‘hreịns’ 399a‑bˣ, hreins BFJ

kennings

huggóðr jǫfurr hlunns hreins byrjar.
‘merciful prince of the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. ’
   = God

the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. → SKY/HEAVEN
merciful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Close

hreins ‘of the fair [lit. pure]’

(not checked:)
2. hreinn (adj.; °compar. hreinari/hreinni, superl. hreinastr/hreinstr): pure

[3] hreins: ‘hre[...]ns’ B, ‘hreịns’ 399a‑bˣ, hreins BFJ

kennings

huggóðr jǫfurr hlunns hreins byrjar.
‘merciful prince of the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. ’
   = God

the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. → SKY/HEAVEN
merciful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Close

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

Close

holdi ‘body’

(not checked:)
hold (noun n.; °-s; -): flesh

[3] holdi: ‘h[...]’ B, ‘ḥọḷḷḍẹ’ 399a‑bˣ

Close

þínu ‘your’

(not checked:)
þinn (pron.; °f. þín, n. þitt): your

Close

hug ‘merci’

(not checked:)
hugr (noun m.): mind, thought, courage < huggóðr (adj.): merciful

kennings

huggóðr jǫfurr hlunns hreins byrjar.
‘merciful prince of the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. ’
   = God

the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. → SKY/HEAVEN
merciful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Close

góðr ‘ful’

(not checked:)
góðr (adj.): good < huggóðr (adj.): merciful

kennings

huggóðr jǫfurr hlunns hreins byrjar.
‘merciful prince of the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. ’
   = God

the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. → SKY/HEAVEN
merciful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Close

jǫfurr ‘prince’

(not checked:)
jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

kennings

huggóðr jǫfurr hlunns hreins byrjar.
‘merciful prince of the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. ’
   = God

the launching-roller of the fair [lit. pure] breeze. → SKY/HEAVEN
merciful prince of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
Close

blóði ‘blood’

(not checked:)
blóð (noun n.; °-s): blood

Close

Þó ‘Nevertheless’

(not checked:)
þó (adv.): though

Close

sék ‘I look’

(not checked:)
2. sjá (verb): see

Close

þengill ‘king’

(not checked:)
þengill (noun m.): prince, ruler

kennings

þrifskjótr þengill skýja;
‘prosperity-swift king of the clouds; ’
   = God

prosperity-swift king of the clouds; → God
Close

skýja ‘of the clouds’

(not checked:)
ský (noun n.; °-s; -): cloud

kennings

þrifskjótr þengill skýja;
‘prosperity-swift king of the clouds; ’
   = God

prosperity-swift king of the clouds; → God
Close

þrif ‘prosperity’

(not checked:)
þrif (noun n.; °; -): prosperity

[6] þrifskjótr: so 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, BFJ, ‘þrif skí[...]tr’ B

kennings

þrifskjótr þengill skýja;
‘prosperity-swift king of the clouds; ’
   = God

prosperity-swift king of the clouds; → God
Close

skjótr ‘swift’

(not checked:)
2. skjótr (adj.): quick(ly)

[6] þrifskjótr: so 399a‑bˣ, BRydberg, BFJ, ‘þrif skí[...]tr’ B

kennings

þrifskjótr þengill skýja;
‘prosperity-swift king of the clouds; ’
   = God

prosperity-swift king of the clouds; → God
Close

ljótir ‘ugly’

(not checked:)
ljótr (adj.): ugly < meginljótr (adj.)

Close

hagir ‘actions’

(not checked:)
hagi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): [actions]

Close

sýnask ‘seem’

(not checked:)
sýna (verb): show, seem

Close

mínir ‘of my’

(not checked:)
minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my

Close

margir ‘many’

(not checked:)
2. margr (adj.; °-an): many

notes

[8] margir – þar til bjargar ‘many there for help’: Cf. Leið 20/8 margri þjóð til bjargar.

Close

þar ‘there’

(not checked:)
þar (adv.): there

notes

[8] margir – þar til bjargar ‘many there for help’: Cf. Leið 20/8 margri þjóð til bjargar.

Close

til ‘for’

(not checked:)
til (prep.): to

notes

[8] margir – þar til bjargar ‘many there for help’: Cf. Leið 20/8 margri þjóð til bjargar.

Close

bjargar ‘help’

(not checked:)
bjǫrg (noun f.; °bjargar; bjargir): help, deliverance

notes

[8] margir – þar til bjargar ‘many there for help’: Cf. Leið 20/8 margri þjóð til bjargar.

Close

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

[1-4]: Gamli’s confession is presumably a response to S. Paul’s warning in 1 Cor. XI. 26-9: quotienscumque enim manducabitis panem hunc et calicem bibetis mortem Domini adnuntiatis donec veniat itaque quicumque manducaverit panem vel biberit calicem Domini indigne reus erit corporis et sanguinis Domini probet autem se ipsum homo et sic de pane illo edat et de calice bibat qui enim manducat et bibit indigne iudicium sibi manducat et bibit non diudicans corpus ‘for as often as you shall eat this bread, and drink the chalice, you shall shew the death of the Lord, until he come. Therefore whosoever shall eat this bread, or drink the chalice of the Lord unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and of the blood of the Lord. But let a man prove himself: and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of the chalice. For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily eateth and drinketh judgement to himself not discerning the body [of the Lord]’. The same sentiment is found elsewhere in ON-Icel. religious literature. A Christmas day sermon in HómÍsl (HómÍsl 1872, 215), for example, warns its hearers that sa es criz licama etr. Oc hans blóþ drekcr ómaclega. Hann etr sér afallz dóm oc dreckr ‘whoever eats Christ’s body and drinks his blood unworthily eats and drinks a severe judgement for himself’. The Magister of Eluc (Eluc 1989, 83) is even more explicit in his condemnation of unworthy communicants: en þa er þeir hondla holld drottens vars syndvgvm hondom ok vhreinvm hvat gera þeir þa nema crossfesta kristr ‘and when they touch our Lord’s flesh with sinful and unclean hands, what are they doing then except crucifying Christ?’

Close

Log in

This service is only available to members of the relevant projects, and to purchasers of the skaldic volumes published by Brepols.
This service uses cookies. By logging in you agree to the use of cookies on your browser.

Close

Stanza/chapter/text segment

Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.

Information tab

Interactive tab

The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.

Full text tab

This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.

Chapter/text segment

This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.