Eyv Lv 2^I

at ‘’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

á ‘’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

á ‘’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

bamir ‘’

sannra ‘’

(not checked:)
2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true

Samira ‘It does not befit’

(not checked:)
2. semja (verb): befit

[1] Samira: sannra Bb, samir at Flat, FskBˣ, samir á FskAˣ, ‘Bamir a’ Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ

morð ‘’

(not checked:)
1. morð (noun n.; °-s; -): killing, battle

norðr ‘’

(not checked:)
1. norðr (noun n.; °-s): [Norwegians, north]

njǫrð ‘’

(not checked:)
Njǫrðr (noun m.): Njǫrðr

Njǫrðr ‘Njǫrðr’

(not checked:)
Njǫrðr (noun m.): Njǫrðr

[1] Njǫrðr: so J1ˣ, J2ˣ, norðr Kˣ, F, 61, Bb, 325IX 1 a, FskAˣ, njǫrð FskBˣ, ‘mord’ or ‘niord’ Þb106ˣ, morð Þb112ˣ

kennings

en ‘’

(not checked:)
4. en (conj.): than

er ‘’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

þá ‘’

(not checked:)
2. þá (adv.): then

enn ‘still further’

(not checked:)
2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again

[1] enn: so F, J2ˣ, Bb, FskBˣ, FskAˣ, Þb112ˣ, en Kˣ, J1ˣ, 61, 325IX 1 a, Þb106ˣ, þá er Flat

notes

[1] enn norðar ‘still further north’: Most mss have en or enn; adverbial enn ‘still’ is assumed here, and this is a possible interpretation of the reading en in some mss. Thus the skald’s words could voice criticism of Hákon for retreating (or contemplating retreat) in the face of the threat from Haraldr. Editors have suggested that enn carries little emphasis here and have cautioned against this reading (ÍF 26, and ÍF 29 implicitly), but the possibility of such criticism cannot be excluded. Alternatively, the situation implied in the stanza, read independently of the prose, might be that at the time that the threat announced itself Hákon had been intending to continue his itinerary of seasonal feasts (veizlur) in a northerly direction.

norðan ‘’

(not checked:)
norðan (adv.): from the north

norðar ‘north’

(not checked:)
2. norðr (adv.): north

[1] norðar: norðan Flat

notes

[1] enn norðar ‘still further north’: Most mss have en or enn; adverbial enn ‘still’ is assumed here, and this is a possible interpretation of the reading en in some mss. Thus the skald’s words could voice criticism of Hákon for retreating (or contemplating retreat) in the face of the threat from Haraldr. Editors have suggested that enn carries little emphasis here and have cautioned against this reading (ÍF 26, and ÍF 29 implicitly), but the possibility of such criticism cannot be excluded. Alternatively, the situation implied in the stanza, read independently of the prose, might be that at the time that the threat announced itself Hákon had been intending to continue his itinerary of seasonal feasts (veizlur) in a northerly direction.

nað ‘’

nadd ‘of the spear’

(not checked:)
naddr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): spear, point < naddregn (noun n.)

[2] nadd‑: ‘nað’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ, FskAˣ, ‘nad’ Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ

kennings

nadd ‘of the spear’

(not checked:)
naddr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): spear, point < naddregn (noun n.)

[2] nadd‑: ‘nað’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ, FskAˣ, ‘nad’ Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ

kennings

rengs ‘’

regns ‘rain’

(not checked:)
regn (noun n.; °-s; -): rain < naddregn (noun n.)

[2] ‑regns: ‘rengs’ J1ˣ

kennings

regns ‘rain’

(not checked:)
regn (noun n.; °-s; -): rain < naddregn (noun n.)

[2] ‑regns: ‘rengs’ J1ˣ

kennings

hvǫtum ‘a brave’

(not checked:)
hvatr (adj.; °-ari, -an; -astr): keen, brave

[2] hvǫtum: ‘hv(gg)tum’(?) J1ˣ

þegni ‘man’

(not checked:)
þegn (noun m.; °dat. -/-i; -ar): thane, man, franklin

oss ‘’

(not checked:)
vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

vér ‘we’

(not checked:)
vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

[3] vér: oss Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ

samir ‘’

(not checked:)
2. sama (verb): befit

gerðum ‘’

(not checked:)
1. gera (verb): do, make

gerum ‘’

(not checked:)
1. gera (verb): do, make

getum ‘’

(not checked:)
2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love

[3] getum: gerum Flat, gerðum FskBˣ, samir Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ

notes

[3] getum at bǫlva ‘curse’: Geta ‘to get, be able’ is probably a pleonastic auxiliary here. 

bils ‘’

bil ‘’

(not checked:)
bil (noun n.): delay

bili ‘delay’

(not checked:)
bil (noun n.): delay

[3] bili: bils Flat, bil Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ

at ‘’

(not checked:)
5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)

bǫlva ‘curse’

(not checked:)
bǫlva (verb; °-að-): [curse]

blá ‘’

(not checked:)
blár (adj.): black < blámœrr (noun f.)blár (adj.): black

borð ‘of the gunwale’

(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table < borðmœrr (noun f.)borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table

[4] borð‑: blá FskBˣ, FskAˣ

kennings

notes

[4] borðmœrar ‘of the gunwale-land [SEA]’: Borð ‘gunwale, strake, plank’ may be used here, as frequently, pars pro toto for ‘ship’ (cf. ÍF 26). The reading blámœrar ‘of the blue land [sea]’ in some Fsk mss represents an adj. plus noun construction that has some parallels (Meissner 3; cf. Note to Gsind Hákdr 1/2). It is poorly supported in the paradosis, but it is just conceivable that it is the original reading and that the majority reading has arisen by anticipation from gunnborð ‘battle-board [SHIELD]’ in l. 8.

borð ‘of the gunwale’

(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table < borðmœrr (noun f.)borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table

[4] borð‑: blá FskBˣ, FskAˣ

kennings

notes

[4] borðmœrar ‘of the gunwale-land [SEA]’: Borð ‘gunwale, strake, plank’ may be used here, as frequently, pars pro toto for ‘ship’ (cf. ÍF 26). The reading blámœrar ‘of the blue land [sea]’ in some Fsk mss represents an adj. plus noun construction that has some parallels (Meissner 3; cf. Note to Gsind Hákdr 1/2). It is poorly supported in the paradosis, but it is just conceivable that it is the original reading and that the majority reading has arisen by anticipation from gunnborð ‘battle-board [SHIELD]’ in l. 8.

meyjar ‘’

mœra ‘’

mœrar ‘land’

(not checked:)
2. mœrr (noun f.): marsh < borðmœrr (noun f.)2. mœrr (noun f.): marsh < blámœrr (noun f.)

[4] ‑mœrar: ‘m(æ)rar’(?) Bb, ‘męra’ Flat, ‘mæyar’ FskBˣ

kennings

notes

[4] borðmœrar ‘of the gunwale-land [SEA]’: Borð ‘gunwale, strake, plank’ may be used here, as frequently, pars pro toto for ‘ship’ (cf. ÍF 26). The reading blámœrar ‘of the blue land [sea]’ in some Fsk mss represents an adj. plus noun construction that has some parallels (Meissner 3; cf. Note to Gsind Hákdr 1/2). It is poorly supported in the paradosis, but it is just conceivable that it is the original reading and that the majority reading has arisen by anticipation from gunnborð ‘battle-board [SHIELD]’ in l. 8.

mœrar ‘land’

(not checked:)
2. mœrr (noun f.): marsh < borðmœrr (noun f.)2. mœrr (noun f.): marsh < blámœrr (noun f.)

[4] ‑mœrar: ‘m(æ)rar’(?) Bb, ‘męra’ Flat, ‘mæyar’ FskBˣ

kennings

notes

[4] borðmœrar ‘of the gunwale-land [SEA]’: Borð ‘gunwale, strake, plank’ may be used here, as frequently, pars pro toto for ‘ship’ (cf. ÍF 26). The reading blámœrar ‘of the blue land [sea]’ in some Fsk mss represents an adj. plus noun construction that has some parallels (Meissner 3; cf. Note to Gsind Hákdr 1/2). It is poorly supported in the paradosis, but it is just conceivable that it is the original reading and that the majority reading has arisen by anticipation from gunnborð ‘battle-board [SHIELD]’ in l. 8.

kæ ‘’

skír ‘’

(not checked:)
2. skírr (adj.): pure, bright

sko᷎r ‘’

sker ‘’

(not checked:)
skera (verb): cut

skæ ‘the horse’

(not checked:)
1. skær (noun m.): horse

[4] skæ: so F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, FskBˣ, FskAˣ, Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ, ‘kæ’ Kˣ, ‘sk(œ)’(?) 325IX 1 a, skír Bb, sker 325IX 1 a, ‘sko᷎r’ Flat

kennings

fœra ‘to take’

(not checked:)
2. fœra (verb): bring

Nús ‘Now it is’

(not checked:)
nú (adv.): now

þar ‘’

(not checked:)
þar (adv.): there

þats ‘that’

(not checked:)
þats (conj.): that, which

[5] þats (‘þat er’): þat F, þar er Flat, Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ

rykr ‘’

raukr ‘’

reykr ‘’

(not checked:)
reykr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -i/-; -ir): smoke

rø̨tt ‘’

rekr ‘drives’

(not checked:)
2. reka (verb): drive, force

[5] rekr: ‘rø̨tt’ F, ‘raukkr’ 61, reykr Bb, 325IX 1 a, ‘rykr’ Flat

notes

[5-6, 8] Haraldr rekr breiðan flota sunnan á rymleið Rakna ‘Haraldr drives his broad fleet from the south on the roaring path of Rakni <sea-king> [SEA]’: The Ldn text deviates considerably here, and can be construed in context as follows (ÍF 1): Haraldr konungr rekr rástóð sunnan at slóðar Rakna ‘King Haraldr drives his yard-arm-stud [FLEET] from the south towards the tracks of Rakni [SEA]’. Konráð Gíslason (1892, 68-9) sees this as a case of re-working of the text, with rástóð ‘yard-arm-stud [FLEET]’, which fits well with the verb reka ‘drive’, representing a refinement upon Eyvindr’s original during subsequent transmission. But the possibility cannot be excluded that Ldn here represents a sound early tradition.

um ‘’

(not checked:)
1. um (prep.): about, around

at ‘’

(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to

enn ‘’

(not checked:)
2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again

á ‘on’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

[5] á: enn F, um Flat, at Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ

notes

[5-6, 8] Haraldr rekr breiðan flota sunnan á rymleið Rakna ‘Haraldr drives his broad fleet from the south on the roaring path of Rakni <sea-king> [SEA]’: The Ldn text deviates considerably here, and can be construed in context as follows (ÍF 1): Haraldr konungr rekr rástóð sunnan at slóðar Rakna ‘King Haraldr drives his yard-arm-stud [FLEET] from the south towards the tracks of Rakni [SEA]’. Konráð Gíslason (1892, 68-9) sees this as a case of re-working of the text, with rástóð ‘yard-arm-stud [FLEET]’, which fits well with the verb reka ‘drive’, representing a refinement upon Eyvindr’s original during subsequent transmission. But the possibility cannot be excluded that Ldn here represents a sound early tradition.

regni ‘’

(not checked:)
regn (noun n.; °-s; -): rain

Rakna ‘of Rakni’

(not checked:)
Rakni (noun m.): Rakni

[5] Rakna: regni FskBˣ

kennings

notes

[5-6, 8] Haraldr rekr breiðan flota sunnan á rymleið Rakna ‘Haraldr drives his broad fleet from the south on the roaring path of Rakni <sea-king> [SEA]’: The Ldn text deviates considerably here, and can be construed in context as follows (ÍF 1): Haraldr konungr rekr rástóð sunnan at slóðar Rakna ‘King Haraldr drives his yard-arm-stud [FLEET] from the south towards the tracks of Rakni [SEA]’. Konráð Gíslason (1892, 68-9) sees this as a case of re-working of the text, with rástóð ‘yard-arm-stud [FLEET]’, which fits well with the verb reka ‘drive’, representing a refinement upon Eyvindr’s original during subsequent transmission. But the possibility cannot be excluded that Ldn here represents a sound early tradition.

rúm ‘’

rá ‘’

(not checked:)
3. rá (noun f.): sail-yard

rím ‘’

(not checked:)
1. rím (noun n.): °kalendarisk beregning, kalendarium

rym ‘the roaring’

(not checked:)
rymja (verb) < rymleið (noun f.)rymja (verb)

[6] rym‑: ‘rím’ F, ‘rum’ FskBˣ, FskAˣ, rá Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ, ‘ra(r)’(?) Þb112ˣ

kennings

notes

[5-6, 8] Haraldr rekr breiðan flota sunnan á rymleið Rakna ‘Haraldr drives his broad fleet from the south on the roaring path of Rakni <sea-king> [SEA]’: The Ldn text deviates considerably here, and can be construed in context as follows (ÍF 1): Haraldr konungr rekr rástóð sunnan at slóðar Rakna ‘King Haraldr drives his yard-arm-stud [FLEET] from the south towards the tracks of Rakni [SEA]’. Konráð Gíslason (1892, 68-9) sees this as a case of re-working of the text, with rástóð ‘yard-arm-stud [FLEET]’, which fits well with the verb reka ‘drive’, representing a refinement upon Eyvindr’s original during subsequent transmission. But the possibility cannot be excluded that Ldn here represents a sound early tradition.

stóð ‘’

(not checked:)
stoð (noun f.; °-ar; stoðir, stoðar, stoðr, steðr, støðr): support, post

skeiðs ‘’

(not checked:)
2. skeið (noun n.; °; -): race, course

seið ‘’

(not checked:)
1. seið (noun f.): chant, incantation

leið ‘path’

(not checked:)
leið (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir/-ar): path, way < rymleið (noun f.)

[6] ‑leið: seið F, skeiðs FskBˣ, stóð Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ

kennings

notes

[5-6, 8] Haraldr rekr breiðan flota sunnan á rymleið Rakna ‘Haraldr drives his broad fleet from the south on the roaring path of Rakni <sea-king> [SEA]’: The Ldn text deviates considerably here, and can be construed in context as follows (ÍF 1): Haraldr konungr rekr rástóð sunnan at slóðar Rakna ‘King Haraldr drives his yard-arm-stud [FLEET] from the south towards the tracks of Rakni [SEA]’. Konráð Gíslason (1892, 68-9) sees this as a case of re-working of the text, with rástóð ‘yard-arm-stud [FLEET]’, which fits well with the verb reka ‘drive’, representing a refinement upon Eyvindr’s original during subsequent transmission. But the possibility cannot be excluded that Ldn here represents a sound early tradition.

konungr ‘’

(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king

flota ‘fleet’

(not checked:)
floti (noun m.): fleet

[6] flota: konungr Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ

notes

[5-6, 8] Haraldr rekr breiðan flota sunnan á rymleið Rakna ‘Haraldr drives his broad fleet from the south on the roaring path of Rakni <sea-king> [SEA]’: The Ldn text deviates considerably here, and can be construed in context as follows (ÍF 1): Haraldr konungr rekr rástóð sunnan at slóðar Rakna ‘King Haraldr drives his yard-arm-stud [FLEET] from the south towards the tracks of Rakni [SEA]’. Konráð Gíslason (1892, 68-9) sees this as a case of re-working of the text, with rástóð ‘yard-arm-stud [FLEET]’, which fits well with the verb reka ‘drive’, representing a refinement upon Eyvindr’s original during subsequent transmission. But the possibility cannot be excluded that Ldn here represents a sound early tradition.

slóðar ‘’

(not checked:)
slóð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): path, track

breiðum ‘’

(not checked:)
breiðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): broad, wide

breiðan ‘his broad’

(not checked:)
breiðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): broad, wide

[6] breiðan: breiðum Bb, 325IX 1 a, slóðar Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ

notes

[5-6, 8] Haraldr rekr breiðan flota sunnan á rymleið Rakna ‘Haraldr drives his broad fleet from the south on the roaring path of Rakni <sea-king> [SEA]’: The Ldn text deviates considerably here, and can be construed in context as follows (ÍF 1): Haraldr konungr rekr rástóð sunnan at slóðar Rakna ‘King Haraldr drives his yard-arm-stud [FLEET] from the south towards the tracks of Rakni [SEA]’. Konráð Gíslason (1892, 68-9) sees this as a case of re-working of the text, with rástóð ‘yard-arm-stud [FLEET]’, which fits well with the verb reka ‘drive’, representing a refinement upon Eyvindr’s original during subsequent transmission. But the possibility cannot be excluded that Ldn here represents a sound early tradition. — [6] breiðan ‘broad’: Haraldr’s fleet, with its superior numbers, is seen as presenting a broad front to its opponent (cf. Hkr 1893-1901, IV).

breiðan ‘his broad’

(not checked:)
breiðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): broad, wide

[6] breiðan: breiðum Bb, 325IX 1 a, slóðar Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ

notes

[5-6, 8] Haraldr rekr breiðan flota sunnan á rymleið Rakna ‘Haraldr drives his broad fleet from the south on the roaring path of Rakni <sea-king> [SEA]’: The Ldn text deviates considerably here, and can be construed in context as follows (ÍF 1): Haraldr konungr rekr rástóð sunnan at slóðar Rakna ‘King Haraldr drives his yard-arm-stud [FLEET] from the south towards the tracks of Rakni [SEA]’. Konráð Gíslason (1892, 68-9) sees this as a case of re-working of the text, with rástóð ‘yard-arm-stud [FLEET]’, which fits well with the verb reka ‘drive’, representing a refinement upon Eyvindr’s original during subsequent transmission. But the possibility cannot be excluded that Ldn here represents a sound early tradition. — [6] breiðan ‘broad’: Haraldr’s fleet, with its superior numbers, is seen as presenting a broad front to its opponent (cf. Hkr 1893-1901, IV).

grípum ‘grasp’

(not checked:)
grípa (verb): seize, grasp

oss ‘’

(not checked:)
vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

vér ‘let us’

(not checked:)
vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

[7] vér: oss Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ

í ‘in’

(not checked:)
í (prep.): in, into

notes

[7] í greipar ‘in our hands’: Shields of the standard circular wooden type had a central rounded boss of iron to protect the left hand, which grasped a bar on the back (Graham-Campbell and Batey 1998, 35-6).

greipum ‘’

(not checked:)
greipr (noun m.): grip, hands

greipar ‘our hands’

(not checked:)
greip (noun f.; °; -r, -ar): hand, talon

[7] greipar: greipum 61

notes

[7] í greipar ‘in our hands’: Shields of the standard circular wooden type had a central rounded boss of iron to protect the left hand, which grasped a bar on the back (Graham-Campbell and Batey 1998, 35-6).

gunn ‘the battle’

(not checked:)
gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnborð (noun n.): battle-boardgunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnbráðr (adj.): [battle-hasty]gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnbróðir (noun m.)

kennings

bræðr ‘’

(not checked:)
bróðir (noun m.; °bróður/brǿðr/bróðurs, dat. bróður/brǿðr/breðr, acc. bróður/brǿðr; brǿðr/bróðr/breðr (brǿðrirnir Jvs291 75¹⁴), gen. brǿ---): brother < gunnbróðir (noun m.)

bráðr ‘’

(not checked:)
bráðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): quick(ly) < gunnbráðr (adj.): [battle-hasty]

borð ‘board’

(not checked:)
borð (noun n.; °-s; -): side, plank, board; table < gunnborð (noun n.): battle-board

[8] ‑borð: bráðr 61, Flat, bræðr Bb, 325IX 1 a

kennings

Haralds ‘’

(not checked:)
Haraldr (noun m.): Haraldr

Haraldr ‘Haraldr’

(not checked:)
Haraldr (noun m.): Haraldr

[8] Haraldr: Haralds Bb, 325IX 1 a

notes

[5-6, 8] Haraldr rekr breiðan flota sunnan á rymleið Rakna ‘Haraldr drives his broad fleet from the south on the roaring path of Rakni <sea-king> [SEA]’: The Ldn text deviates considerably here, and can be construed in context as follows (ÍF 1): Haraldr konungr rekr rástóð sunnan at slóðar Rakna ‘King Haraldr drives his yard-arm-stud [FLEET] from the south towards the tracks of Rakni [SEA]’. Konráð Gíslason (1892, 68-9) sees this as a case of re-working of the text, with rástóð ‘yard-arm-stud [FLEET]’, which fits well with the verb reka ‘drive’, representing a refinement upon Eyvindr’s original during subsequent transmission. But the possibility cannot be excluded that Ldn here represents a sound early tradition.

sunnan ‘from the south’

(not checked:)
sunnan (adv.): (from the) south

[8] sunnan: om. Þb106ˣ, Þb112ˣ

notes

[5-6, 8] Haraldr rekr breiðan flota sunnan á rymleið Rakna ‘Haraldr drives his broad fleet from the south on the roaring path of Rakni <sea-king> [SEA]’: The Ldn text deviates considerably here, and can be construed in context as follows (ÍF 1): Haraldr konungr rekr rástóð sunnan at slóðar Rakna ‘King Haraldr drives his yard-arm-stud [FLEET] from the south towards the tracks of Rakni [SEA]’. Konráð Gíslason (1892, 68-9) sees this as a case of re-working of the text, with rástóð ‘yard-arm-stud [FLEET]’, which fits well with the verb reka ‘drive’, representing a refinement upon Eyvindr’s original during subsequent transmission. But the possibility cannot be excluded that Ldn here represents a sound early tradition.