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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Eyv Lv 11I

Russell Poole (ed.) 2012, ‘Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson, Lausavísur 11’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 230.

Eyvindr skáldaspillir FinnssonLausavísur
101112

Skyldak ‘I should’

(not checked:)
skulu (verb): shall, should, must

Close

skerja ‘of skerries’

(not checked:)
sker (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): skerry

kennings

Skerja foldar skíðrennandi,
‘ski-runner of the land of skerries’
   = SEAFARER

the land of skerries, → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
Runner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
Close

skerja ‘of skerries’

(not checked:)
sker (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): skerry

kennings

Skerja foldar skíðrennandi,
‘ski-runner of the land of skerries’
   = SEAFARER

the land of skerries, → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
Runner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
Close

skerja ‘of skerries’

(not checked:)
sker (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): skerry

kennings

Skerja foldar skíðrennandi,
‘ski-runner of the land of skerries’
   = SEAFARER

the land of skerries, → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
Runner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
Close

foldar ‘of the land’

(not checked:)
fold (noun f.): land

kennings

Skerja foldar skíðrennandi,
‘ski-runner of the land of skerries’
   = SEAFARER

the land of skerries, → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
Runner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
Close

foldar ‘of the land’

(not checked:)
fold (noun f.): land

kennings

Skerja foldar skíðrennandi,
‘ski-runner of the land of skerries’
   = SEAFARER

the land of skerries, → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
Runner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
Close

foldar ‘of the land’

(not checked:)
fold (noun f.): land

kennings

Skerja foldar skíðrennandi,
‘ski-runner of the land of skerries’
   = SEAFARER

the land of skerries, → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
Runner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
Close

skíð ‘of the ski’

(not checked:)
skíð (noun n.; °; -): ski < skíðrennandi (noun m.)skíð (noun n.; °; -): ski

kennings

Skerja foldar skíðrennandi,
‘ski-runner of the land of skerries’
   = SEAFARER

the land of skerries, → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
Runner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
Close

skíð ‘of the ski’

(not checked:)
skíð (noun n.; °; -): ski < skíðrennandi (noun m.)skíð (noun n.; °; -): ski

kennings

Skerja foldar skíðrennandi,
‘ski-runner of the land of skerries’
   = SEAFARER

the land of skerries, → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
Runner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
Close

rennðandæ ‘’

Close

rennandi ‘Runner’

(not checked:)
2. rennandi (noun m.): runner, driver < skíðrennandi (noun m.)

[2] ‑rennandi: ‘rennðandæ’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ

kennings

Skerja foldar skíðrennandi,
‘ski-runner of the land of skerries’
   = SEAFARER

the land of skerries, → SEA
the ski of the SEA → SHIP
Runner of the SHIP → SEAFARER
Close

um ‘’

(not checked:)
1. um (prep.): about, around

Close

síðan ‘’

(not checked:)
síðan (adv.): later, then

[2] síðan: um síðir J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, Bb

Close

þursa ‘of giants’

(not checked:)
þurs (noun m.; °þurs, dat. þursi/þurs; þursar): giant, ogre, monster

kennings

þinn góðan byr týs þursa,
‘your good wind of the bondwoman of giants, ’
   = THOUGHT

the bondwoman of giants, → GIANTESS
your good wind of GIANTESS → THOUGHT

notes

[3, 4] góðan byr týs þursa ‘good wind of the bondwoman of giants [GIANTESS > THOUGHT]’: Eyvindr hopes that he will now stand in the king’s good grace, having given up his gold to him. Although this kenning pattern is well-attested, its rationale and aetiology are not precisely understood (see SnE 1998, I, 108; Meissner 138-9; Frank 1997, and references there). The determinant týs, probably meaning ‘bondwoman’, ‘concubine’ or ‘enslaved sexual partner’, is obscure and clearly caused confusion in transmission (cf. Hkr 1893-1901, IV; LP: tý; NN §1041D; Olsen 1959, 101).

Close

þursa ‘of giants’

(not checked:)
þurs (noun m.; °þurs, dat. þursi/þurs; þursar): giant, ogre, monster

kennings

þinn góðan byr týs þursa,
‘your good wind of the bondwoman of giants, ’
   = THOUGHT

the bondwoman of giants, → GIANTESS
your good wind of GIANTESS → THOUGHT

notes

[3, 4] góðan byr týs þursa ‘good wind of the bondwoman of giants [GIANTESS > THOUGHT]’: Eyvindr hopes that he will now stand in the king’s good grace, having given up his gold to him. Although this kenning pattern is well-attested, its rationale and aetiology are not precisely understood (see SnE 1998, I, 108; Meissner 138-9; Frank 1997, and references there). The determinant týs, probably meaning ‘bondwoman’, ‘concubine’ or ‘enslaved sexual partner’, is obscure and clearly caused confusion in transmission (cf. Hkr 1893-1901, IV; LP: tý; NN §1041D; Olsen 1959, 101).

Close

tøs ‘’

(not checked:)
tý (noun n.): [bondwoman]

Close

kǫs ‘’

(not checked:)
kǫs (noun f.): °dynge, bunke

Close

týs ‘of the bondwoman’

(not checked:)
tý (noun n.): [bondwoman]

[3] týs: so J1ˣ, J2ˣ, ‘tøs’ Kˣ, 39, F, bæs 61, bæn Bb, ‘tols’ FskBˣ, kaus FskAˣ

kennings

þinn góðan byr týs þursa,
‘your good wind of the bondwoman of giants, ’
   = THOUGHT

the bondwoman of giants, → GIANTESS
your good wind of GIANTESS → THOUGHT

notes

[3, 4] góðan byr týs þursa ‘good wind of the bondwoman of giants [GIANTESS > THOUGHT]’: Eyvindr hopes that he will now stand in the king’s good grace, having given up his gold to him. Although this kenning pattern is well-attested, its rationale and aetiology are not precisely understood (see SnE 1998, I, 108; Meissner 138-9; Frank 1997, and references there). The determinant týs, probably meaning ‘bondwoman’, ‘concubine’ or ‘enslaved sexual partner’, is obscure and clearly caused confusion in transmission (cf. Hkr 1893-1901, IV; LP: tý; NN §1041D; Olsen 1959, 101).

Close

týs ‘of the bondwoman’

(not checked:)
tý (noun n.): [bondwoman]

[3] týs: so J1ˣ, J2ˣ, ‘tøs’ Kˣ, 39, F, bæs 61, bæn Bb, ‘tols’ FskBˣ, kaus FskAˣ

kennings

þinn góðan byr týs þursa,
‘your good wind of the bondwoman of giants, ’
   = THOUGHT

the bondwoman of giants, → GIANTESS
your good wind of GIANTESS → THOUGHT

notes

[3, 4] góðan byr týs þursa ‘good wind of the bondwoman of giants [GIANTESS > THOUGHT]’: Eyvindr hopes that he will now stand in the king’s good grace, having given up his gold to him. Although this kenning pattern is well-attested, its rationale and aetiology are not precisely understood (see SnE 1998, I, 108; Meissner 138-9; Frank 1997, and references there). The determinant týs, probably meaning ‘bondwoman’, ‘concubine’ or ‘enslaved sexual partner’, is obscure and clearly caused confusion in transmission (cf. Hkr 1893-1901, IV; LP: tý; NN §1041D; Olsen 1959, 101).

Close

enn ‘’

(not checked:)
2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again

Close

frá ‘from’

(not checked:)
frá (prep.): from

[3] frá: om. 39, enn F, fyr Bb

Close

þvísa ‘this time on’

(not checked:)
1. sjá (pron.; °gen. þessa dat. þessum/þeima, acc. þenna; f. sjá/þessi; n. þetta, dat. þessu/þvísa; pl. þessir): this

notes

[2, 3] síðan frá þvísa ‘from this time on’: Lit. ‘afterwards from this’. Þvísa is an early dat. or instr. form of sjá ‘this’ (Finnur Jónsson 1901, 78; ANG §470 Anm. 2).

Close

þinn ‘your’

(not checked:)
þinn (pron.; °f. þín, n. þitt): your

[4] þinn: þann Bb

kennings

þinn góðan byr týs þursa,
‘your good wind of the bondwoman of giants, ’
   = THOUGHT

the bondwoman of giants, → GIANTESS
your good wind of GIANTESS → THOUGHT
Close

góðan ‘good’

(not checked:)
góðr (adj.): good

kennings

þinn góðan byr týs þursa,
‘your good wind of the bondwoman of giants, ’
   = THOUGHT

the bondwoman of giants, → GIANTESS
your good wind of GIANTESS → THOUGHT

notes

[3, 4] góðan byr týs þursa ‘good wind of the bondwoman of giants [GIANTESS > THOUGHT]’: Eyvindr hopes that he will now stand in the king’s good grace, having given up his gold to him. Although this kenning pattern is well-attested, its rationale and aetiology are not precisely understood (see SnE 1998, I, 108; Meissner 138-9; Frank 1997, and references there). The determinant týs, probably meaning ‘bondwoman’, ‘concubine’ or ‘enslaved sexual partner’, is obscure and clearly caused confusion in transmission (cf. Hkr 1893-1901, IV; LP: tý; NN §1041D; Olsen 1959, 101).

Close

bur ‘’

(not checked:)
burr (noun m.; °; -ir): son

Close

byr ‘wind’

(not checked:)
byrr (noun m.; °-jar/-s; -ir, acc. -i/-u(SigrVal 188¹³)): favourable wind

[4] byr: ‘bur’ Bb

kennings

þinn góðan byr týs þursa,
‘your good wind of the bondwoman of giants, ’
   = THOUGHT

the bondwoman of giants, → GIANTESS
your good wind of GIANTESS → THOUGHT

notes

[3, 4] góðan byr týs þursa ‘good wind of the bondwoman of giants [GIANTESS > THOUGHT]’: Eyvindr hopes that he will now stand in the king’s good grace, having given up his gold to him. Although this kenning pattern is well-attested, its rationale and aetiology are not precisely understood (see SnE 1998, I, 108; Meissner 138-9; Frank 1997, and references there). The determinant týs, probably meaning ‘bondwoman’, ‘concubine’ or ‘enslaved sexual partner’, is obscure and clearly caused confusion in transmission (cf. Hkr 1893-1901, IV; LP: tý; NN §1041D; Olsen 1959, 101).

Close

finna ‘meet with’

(not checked:)
2. finna (verb): find, meet

Close

ef ‘’

(not checked:)
3. ef (conj.): if

Close

es ‘when’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

[5] es (‘er’): so 39, F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, Bb, FskAˣ, ef Kˣ

Close

val ‘battle’

(not checked:)
1. valr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ir): corpse, the slain < valjǫrð (noun f.)

[5] val‑: vél Bb

kennings

veljandi valjarðar,
‘chooser of the battlefield, ’
   = RULER

chooser of the battlefield, → RULER

notes

[5, 6] veljandi valjarðar ‘chooser of the battlefield [RULER]’: This kenning has not been conclusively explained. (a) Adopted in this edn is an analysis due to Sveinbjörn Egilsson (LP (1860): velja, followed by ÍF 26; ÍF 29; Hkr 1991), who sees a reference to the warrior’s role of choosing the locality in which to fight a battle. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Skj B) initially suggested that valjǫrð could be ‘falcon-land [ARM]’, part of an incomplete or corrupted kenning for ‘ring’ , but in LP: valjǫrð favoured explanation (a).

Close

jarðar ‘field’

(not checked:)
jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304Š)): ground, earth < valjǫrð (noun f.)jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304Š)): ground, earth < véljǫrð (noun f.)

kennings

veljandi valjarðar,
‘chooser of the battlefield, ’
   = RULER

chooser of the battlefield, → RULER

notes

[5, 6] veljandi valjarðar ‘chooser of the battlefield [RULER]’: This kenning has not been conclusively explained. (a) Adopted in this edn is an analysis due to Sveinbjörn Egilsson (LP (1860): velja, followed by ÍF 26; ÍF 29; Hkr 1991), who sees a reference to the warrior’s role of choosing the locality in which to fight a battle. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Skj B) initially suggested that valjǫrð could be ‘falcon-land [ARM]’, part of an incomplete or corrupted kenning for ‘ring’ , but in LP: valjǫrð favoured explanation (a).

Close

verðum ‘we [I] have’

(not checked:)
1. verða (verb): become, be

Close

veljandi ‘chooser’

(not checked:)
veljandi (noun m.): [choosers, chooser]

kennings

veljandi valjarðar,
‘chooser of the battlefield, ’
   = RULER

chooser of the battlefield, → RULER

notes

[5, 6] veljandi valjarðar ‘chooser of the battlefield [RULER]’: This kenning has not been conclusively explained. (a) Adopted in this edn is an analysis due to Sveinbjörn Egilsson (LP (1860): velja, followed by ÍF 26; ÍF 29; Hkr 1991), who sees a reference to the warrior’s role of choosing the locality in which to fight a battle. (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Skj B) initially suggested that valjǫrð could be ‘falcon-land [ARM]’, part of an incomplete or corrupted kenning for ‘ring’ , but in LP: valjǫrð favoured explanation (a).

Close

selja ‘to give’

(not checked:)
4. selja (verb): hand over, sell, give

Close

lynga ‘’

Close

lyngva ‘of heathers’

(not checked:)
lyng (noun n.; °dat. -vi/-i; -): heather

[7] lyngva: ‘lynga’ Bb

kennings

látr mens lyngva,
‘the resting-place of the necklace of heathers ’
   = GOLD

the necklace of heathers → SNAKE
the resting-place of the SNAKE → GOLD

notes

[7] mens lyngva ‘of the necklace of heathers [SNAKE]’: I.e. the coiling reptile that inhabits heather moors; cf. Meissner 115 for this pattern of kenning.

Close

lyngva ‘of heathers’

(not checked:)
lyng (noun n.; °dat. -vi/-i; -): heather

[7] lyngva: ‘lynga’ Bb

kennings

látr mens lyngva,
‘the resting-place of the necklace of heathers ’
   = GOLD

the necklace of heathers → SNAKE
the resting-place of the SNAKE → GOLD

notes

[7] mens lyngva ‘of the necklace of heathers [SNAKE]’: I.e. the coiling reptile that inhabits heather moors; cf. Meissner 115 for this pattern of kenning.

Close

mens ‘of the necklace’

(not checked:)
2. men (noun n.; °; dat. menjum): neck-ring

kennings

látr mens lyngva,
‘the resting-place of the necklace of heathers ’
   = GOLD

the necklace of heathers → SNAKE
the resting-place of the SNAKE → GOLD

notes

[7] mens lyngva ‘of the necklace of heathers [SNAKE]’: I.e. the coiling reptile that inhabits heather moors; cf. Meissner 115 for this pattern of kenning.

Close

mens ‘of the necklace’

(not checked:)
2. men (noun n.; °; dat. menjum): neck-ring

kennings

látr mens lyngva,
‘the resting-place of the necklace of heathers ’
   = GOLD

the necklace of heathers → SNAKE
the resting-place of the SNAKE → GOLD

notes

[7] mens lyngva ‘of the necklace of heathers [SNAKE]’: I.e. the coiling reptile that inhabits heather moors; cf. Meissner 115 for this pattern of kenning.

Close

þar ‘’

(not checked:)
þar (adv.): there

Close

þats ‘which’

(not checked:)
þats (conj.): that, which

[7] þats (‘þat er’): þar er J2ˣ

Close

lengi ‘long’

(not checked:)
lengi (adv.): for a long time

Close

lattr ‘’

(not checked:)
letja (verb): deprive

Close

látr ‘the resting-place’

(not checked:)
látr (noun n.; °; dat. -um): lair

[8] látr: lattr J1ˣ, J2ˣ

kennings

látr mens lyngva,
‘the resting-place of the necklace of heathers ’
   = GOLD

the necklace of heathers → SNAKE
the resting-place of the SNAKE → GOLD
Close

minn ‘my’

(not checked:)
minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my

Close

faðir ‘father’

(not checked:)
faðir (noun m.): father

Close

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

Fsk places Lv 11 next after Lv 8 and 9. Haraldr pronounces a death sentence on Eyvindr for his composition of Lv 8 and 9 but Eyvindr’s friends again petition for a reconciliation. The king asks that Eyvindr present him with a gold ring called Moldi, which weighed twelve ounces, and Eyvindr complies. The stanza is placed differently in Hkr and ÓT but the account of the circumstances is similar.

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