Eyv Hák 4I
R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson, Hákonarmál 4’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 178.
Hrauzk ‘threw’
(not checked:)
1. hrjóða (verb): clear, destroy
notes
[1] hrauzk ór hervôðum ‘threw off his war-garments [ARMOUR]’: Lit. ‘threw himself out of his war-garments’. This could be a heroic gesture, though the Fsk context asserts that the day was warm. According to the F reading in st. 2/2, Hákon had already taken off his mail-shirt (see Note). Herbert (1804, 110) accordingly translates hrauzk here as ‘has cast’.
ór ‘off’
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3. ór (prep.): out of
notes
[1] hrauzk ór hervôðum ‘threw off his war-garments [ARMOUR]’: Lit. ‘threw himself out of his war-garments’. This could be a heroic gesture, though the Fsk context asserts that the day was warm. According to the F reading in st. 2/2, Hákon had already taken off his mail-shirt (see Note). Herbert (1804, 110) accordingly translates hrauzk here as ‘has cast’.
her ‘his war’
kennings
hervôðum,‘his war-garments, ’
= ARMOUR
his war-garments, → ARMOUR
notes
[1] hrauzk ór hervôðum ‘threw off his war-garments [ARMOUR]’: Lit. ‘threw himself out of his war-garments’. This could be a heroic gesture, though the Fsk context asserts that the day was warm. According to the F reading in st. 2/2, Hákon had already taken off his mail-shirt (see Note). Herbert (1804, 110) accordingly translates hrauzk here as ‘has cast’.
fótum ‘’
(not checked:)
1. fótr (noun m.): foot, leg < her (adv.): here
vôðum ‘garments’
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váð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): clothes < herváð (noun f.)
[1] ‑vôðum: ‑fótum FskBˣ
kennings
hervôðum,‘his war-garments, ’
= ARMOUR
his war-garments, → ARMOUR
notes
[1] hrauzk ór hervôðum ‘threw off his war-garments [ARMOUR]’: Lit. ‘threw himself out of his war-garments’. This could be a heroic gesture, though the Fsk context asserts that the day was warm. According to the F reading in st. 2/2, Hákon had already taken off his mail-shirt (see Note). Herbert (1804, 110) accordingly translates hrauzk here as ‘has cast’.
rætt ‘’
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2. rœða (verb): utter, speak
notes
[2] hratt ‘cast’: 3rd pers. sg. pret. indic. of hrinda.
á ‘to’
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3. á (prep.): on, at
vǫll ‘the ground’
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vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field
brynju ‘his mail-shirt’
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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat
vísir ‘’
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2. vísir (noun m.): ruler
vís ‘’
verðunga ‘’
verðungir ‘’
varðungar ‘’
verðungar ‘of the retinue’
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verðung (noun f.): troop, retinue
[3] verðungar: ‘verðunger’ J1ˣ(62r), verðunga FskBˣ, ‘varðungar’ FskAˣ
an ‘’
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2. an (conj.): than
til ‘’
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til (prep.): to
víks ‘’
tókisk ‘’
tœki ‘beginning’
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2. taka (verb): take
[4] tœki: so F(18ra), J1ˣ(62r), J2ˣ(58r), FskBˣ, FskAˣ, 761bˣ, tókisk or tœkisk Kˣ(102r)
leik ‘’
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1. leikr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ar): sport, play
notes
[5] lék við ‘joked with’: Leika við refers to play of any sort, but verbal sport seems likely here.
við ‘with’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
notes
[5] lék við ‘joked with’: Leika við refers to play of any sort, but verbal sport seems likely here.
ljóð ‘’
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2. ljóðr (noun m.): = lýðr, people < ljóðmǫgr (noun m.)2. ljóðr (noun m.): = lýðr, people
notes
[5] ljóðmǫgu ‘his men’: Lit. ‘people-sons’.
mangu ‘’
mǫgu ‘his men’
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mǫgr (noun m.; °; megir, acc. mǫgu): son, boy < ljóðmǫgr (noun m.)
[5] ‑mǫgu: ‘mangu’ FskBˣ, FskAˣ
notes
[5] ljóðmǫgu ‘his men’: Lit. ‘people-sons’.
skyldi ‘he had’
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skulu (verb): shall, should, must
land ‘the land’
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
notes
[6] verja land ‘protect the land’: Wolff (1952, 104) argues that this is a pun, with the alternate meaning ‘clothe the land’ (since Hákon has cast his mail-shirt on the ground), and this is the nature of the king’s joking or playing with his men, an interpretation perhaps anticipated by Metcalfe (1880, 387).
vera ‘’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
verja ‘to protect’
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3. verja (verb): defend
[6] verja: so F(18ra), J1ˣ(62r), J2ˣ(58r), FskBˣ, FskAˣ, Tˣ, U, B, C, vera Kˣ(102r), R, 761bˣ
notes
[6] verja land ‘protect the land’: Wolff (1952, 104) argues that this is a pun, with the alternate meaning ‘clothe the land’ (since Hákon has cast his mail-shirt on the ground), and this is the nature of the king’s joking or playing with his men, an interpretation perhaps anticipated by Metcalfe (1880, 387).
Gylfi ‘’
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Gylfi (noun m.): Gylfi
gram ‘’
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
gramr ‘ruler’
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
[7] gramr: so F(18ra), J1ˣ(62r), J2ˣ(58r), FskBˣ, FskAˣ, U, gram Kˣ(102r), 761bˣ, Gylfi R, Tˣ, B, C
inn ‘The’
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2. inn (art.): the
glaðværi ‘cheerful’
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glaðværr (adj.): [cheerful]
stóð ‘he stood’
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standa (verb): stand
um ‘’
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1. um (prep.): about, around
goll ‘a golden’
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gull (noun n.): gold < gullhjalmr (noun m.)
hjalmi ‘ helmet’
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1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet < gullhjalmr (noun m.)
[8] ‑hjalmi: ‘[…]’ B
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
In Hkr, as for st. 1. In Fsk, the preceding prose remarks that the day of the battle was warm, and Hákon removed his mail-shirt and (contrary to what the stanza says) helmet and heartened his men, laughing and cheering them up with his demeanour. In SnE, ll. 5-8 are cited with other stanzas to illustrate the remark that the names of the sons of Hálfdan gamli ‘the Old’ are used in verse as heiti for noblemen, the name in this instance being Gylfi: see Readings.
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