R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson, Hákonarmál 4’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 178.
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1. hrjóða (verb): clear, destroy
[1] hrauzk ór hervôðum ‘threw off his war-garments [ARMOUR]’: Lit. ‘threw himself out of his war-garments’. This could be a heroic gesture, though the Fsk context asserts that the day was warm. According to the F reading in st. 2/2, Hákon had already taken off his mail-shirt (see Note). Herbert (1804, 110) accordingly translates hrauzk here as ‘has cast’.
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3. ór (prep.): out of
[1] hrauzk ór hervôðum ‘threw off his war-garments [ARMOUR]’: Lit. ‘threw himself out of his war-garments’. This could be a heroic gesture, though the Fsk context asserts that the day was warm. According to the F reading in st. 2/2, Hákon had already taken off his mail-shirt (see Note). Herbert (1804, 110) accordingly translates hrauzk here as ‘has cast’.
[1] hrauzk ór hervôðum ‘threw off his war-garments [ARMOUR]’: Lit. ‘threw himself out of his war-garments’. This could be a heroic gesture, though the Fsk context asserts that the day was warm. According to the F reading in st. 2/2, Hákon had already taken off his mail-shirt (see Note). Herbert (1804, 110) accordingly translates hrauzk here as ‘has cast’.
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1. fótr (noun m.): foot, leg < her (adv.): here
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váð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): clothes < herváð (noun f.)
[1] ‑vôðum: ‑fótum FskBˣ
[1] hrauzk ór hervôðum ‘threw off his war-garments [ARMOUR]’: Lit. ‘threw himself out of his war-garments’. This could be a heroic gesture, though the Fsk context asserts that the day was warm. According to the F reading in st. 2/2, Hákon had already taken off his mail-shirt (see Note). Herbert (1804, 110) accordingly translates hrauzk here as ‘has cast’.
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2. rœða (verb): utter, speak
[2] hratt ‘cast’: 3rd pers. sg. pret. indic. of hrinda.
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3. á (prep.): on, at
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vǫllr (noun m.; °vallar, dat. velli; vellir acc. vǫllu/velli): plain, field
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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat
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2. vísir (noun m.): ruler
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verðung (noun f.): troop, retinue
[3] verðungar: ‘verðunger’ J1ˣ(62r), verðunga FskBˣ, ‘varðungar’ FskAˣ
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2. an (conj.): than
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til (prep.): to
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2. taka (verb): take
[4] tœki: so F(18ra), J1ˣ(62r), J2ˣ(58r), FskBˣ, FskAˣ, 761bˣ, tókisk or tœkisk Kˣ(102r)
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1. leikr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -/-i; -ar): sport, play
[5] lék við ‘joked with’: Leika við refers to play of any sort, but verbal sport seems likely here.
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2. við (prep.): with, against
[5] lék við ‘joked with’: Leika við refers to play of any sort, but verbal sport seems likely here.
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2. ljóðr (noun m.): = lýðr, people < ljóðmǫgr (noun m.)2. ljóðr (noun m.): = lýðr, people
[5] ljóðmǫgu ‘his men’: Lit. ‘people-sons’.
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mǫgr (noun m.; °; megir, acc. mǫgu): son, boy < ljóðmǫgr (noun m.)
[5] ‑mǫgu: ‘mangu’ FskBˣ, FskAˣ
[5] ljóðmǫgu ‘his men’: Lit. ‘people-sons’.
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skulu (verb): shall, should, must
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
[6] verja land ‘protect the land’: Wolff (1952, 104) argues that this is a pun, with the alternate meaning ‘clothe the land’ (since Hákon has cast his mail-shirt on the ground), and this is the nature of the king’s joking or playing with his men, an interpretation perhaps anticipated by Metcalfe (1880, 387).
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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3. verja (verb): defend
[6] verja: so F(18ra), J1ˣ(62r), J2ˣ(58r), FskBˣ, FskAˣ, Tˣ, U, B, C, vera Kˣ(102r), R, 761bˣ
[6] verja land ‘protect the land’: Wolff (1952, 104) argues that this is a pun, with the alternate meaning ‘clothe the land’ (since Hákon has cast his mail-shirt on the ground), and this is the nature of the king’s joking or playing with his men, an interpretation perhaps anticipated by Metcalfe (1880, 387).
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Gylfi (noun m.): Gylfi
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
[7] gramr: so F(18ra), J1ˣ(62r), J2ˣ(58r), FskBˣ, FskAˣ, U, gram Kˣ(102r), 761bˣ, Gylfi R, Tˣ, B, C
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2. inn (art.): the
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glaðværr (adj.): [cheerful]
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standa (verb): stand
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1. um (prep.): about, around
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gull (noun n.): gold < gullhjalmr (noun m.)
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1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet < gullhjalmr (noun m.)
[8] ‑hjalmi: ‘[…]’ B
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
In Hkr, as for st. 1. In Fsk, the preceding prose remarks that the day of the battle was warm, and Hákon removed his mail-shirt and (contrary to what the stanza says) helmet and heartened his men, laughing and cheering them up with his demeanour. In SnE, ll. 5-8 are cited with other stanzas to illustrate the remark that the names of the sons of Hálfdan gamli ‘the Old’ are used in verse as heiti for noblemen, the name in this instance being Gylfi: see Readings.
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