Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson, Hákonarmál 3

R. D. Fulk

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Eyv Hák 3^I

R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson, Hákonarmál 3’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 177.

Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson Hákonarmál

2 3 4

[1] Háleygi: Holmrygi J1ˣ(62r), Háleygi corrected from ‘Holmrygi’ J2ˣ(58r)

sá ‘’

(not checked:)
1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

sems ‘just as’

(not checked:)
sems (conj.): [just as]

[2] sems: sem F, FskBˣ, FskAˣ, sá er J1ˣ(62r), J2ˣ(58r)

notes

[2] sems ‘just as’: The conj. sem and relative particle es; see LP: sems. Although only found in Kˣ, this is retained here since it is the reading of the main ms. and the lectio difficilior (so also Skj B).

hér ‘’

(not checked:)
hér (adv.): here

á ‘on’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

[2] á Holmrygi: her kallar J1ˣ(62r), J2ˣ(58r)

kallar ‘’

(not checked:)
kalla (verb): call

Holmrygi ‘the Hólmrygir’

(not checked:)
holmrygr (noun m.): [Hólmrygir]

[2] á Holmrygi: her kallar J1ˣ(62r), J2ˣ(58r)

notes

[2] Holmrygi ‘the Hólmrygir’: The people of the islands off Rogaland; see Þhorn Harkv 14/1 and Note.

jarla ‘of jarls’

(not checked:)
jarl (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): poet, earl

kennings

Einbani jarla
‘The sole slayer of jarls ’
= Hákon
The sole slayer of jarls → Hákon

ein ‘The sole’

(not checked:)
2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone < einbani (noun m.)2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone < eindanr (noun m.)

kennings

Einbani jarla
‘The sole slayer of jarls ’
= Hákon
The sole slayer of jarls → Hákon

notes

[3] einbani ‘the sole slayer’: Judging from LP: einbani, this is the only skaldic record of the word. The two eddic instances refer to Óðinn and Þórr.

dani ‘’

(not checked:)
Danr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): Dane < eindanr (noun m.)

bani ‘slayer’

(not checked:)
bani (noun m.; °-a; -ar): death, killer < einbani (noun m.)

[3] ‑bani: ‑dani F

kennings

Einbani jarla
‘The sole slayer of jarls ’
= Hákon
The sole slayer of jarls → Hákon

notes

[3] einbani ‘the sole slayer’: Judging from LP: einbani, this is the only skaldic record of the word. The two eddic instances refer to Óðinn and Þórr.

fǫrr ‘’

fór ‘he went’

(not checked:)
fara (verb; ferr, fór, fóru, farinn): go, travel

[4] fór: ‘forr’ FskBˣ

til ‘into’

(not checked:)
til (prep.): to

orrostu ‘battle’

(not checked:)
orrusta (noun f.; °-u; -ur): battle

Gótt ‘the good’

(not checked:)
góðr (adj.): good

hafði ‘had’

(not checked:)
hafa (verb): have

inir ‘’

(not checked:)
2. inn (art.): the

inn ‘The’

(not checked:)
2. inn (art.): the

kennings

Inn gjǫfli œgir Eydana
‘The munificent terrifier of Island-Danes ’
= Hákon
The munificent terrifier of Island-Danes → Hákon

gǫfgi ‘’

(not checked:)
gǫfugr (adj.; °gǫfgan/gǫfugan; compar. gǫfgari/gǫfugri, superl. gǫfgastr/gǫfugstr/gǫfugastr): noble, glorious

gjǫfli ‘munificent’

(not checked:)
gjǫfull (adj.; °gjǫflan; superl. gjǫflastr): munificent

[5] gjǫfli: so F, J1ˣ(62r), J2ˣ(58r), FskAˣ, gǫfgi Kˣ(102r), FskBˣ, 761bˣ

kennings

Inn gjǫfli œgir Eydana
‘The munificent terrifier of Island-Danes ’
= Hákon
The munificent terrifier of Island-Danes → Hákon

notes

[5] gjǫfli ‘munificent’: As the agreement of the J transcripts and F, representing both sides of the Hkr stemma, gjǫfli is preferred here, as by most of the early eds. However, gǫfgi ‘noble’ seems more appropriate to the context (so Krause 1990, 51) and is preferred by most recent eds.

gengi ‘support’

(not checked:)
gengi (noun n.): support, following

Norð ‘of the Nor’

(not checked:)
norð- ((prefix)): northern, Norwegian < Norðmaðr (noun m.): Norwegian

eyðir ‘’

(not checked:)
eyðir (noun m.): destroyer

manna ‘wegians’

(not checked:)
maðr (noun m.): man, person < Norðmaðr (noun m.): Norwegian

eyðanna ‘’

œgir ‘terrifier’

(not checked:)
œgir (noun m.): terrifier

[7] œgir: so F, J1ˣ(62r), J2ˣ(58r), FskBˣ, FskAˣ, eyðir Kˣ(102r), 761bˣ

kennings

Inn gjǫfli œgir Eydana
‘The munificent terrifier of Island-Danes ’
= Hákon
The munificent terrifier of Island-Danes → Hákon

Ey ‘of Island’

(not checked:)
1. ey (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-; -jar): island < Eydanir (noun m.): island-Dane

[7] Eydana: eyðanna FskAˣ

kennings

Inn gjǫfli œgir Eydana
‘The munificent terrifier of Island-Danes ’
= Hákon
The munificent terrifier of Island-Danes → Hákon

dana ‘Danes’

(not checked:)
Danr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): Dane < Eydanir (noun m.): island-Dane

[7] Eydana: eyðanna FskAˣ

kennings

Inn gjǫfli œgir Eydana
‘The munificent terrifier of Island-Danes ’
= Hákon
The munificent terrifier of Island-Danes → Hákon

stóð ‘he stood’

(not checked:)
standa (verb): stand

háum ‘’

gull ‘’

(not checked:)
gull (noun n.): gold < gullhjalmr (noun m.)

und ‘under’

(not checked:)
3. und (prep.): under, underneath

ár ‘of metal’

(not checked:)
1. ár (noun f.; °-ar, dat. u/-; -ar/-ir(LandslBorg 151b²¹)): oar < árhjalmr (noun m.)

[8] ár‑: goll‑ F, háum FskBˣ

notes

[8] ár- ‘of metal’: Also ‘ore, copper, bronze’. This is probably a borrowing of OE ār ‘ore, brass, copper’ (so Noreen 1921, 54; cf. Wimmer 1877, 168; Holthausen 1896, 141). Moberg (1997) argues that árhjalmr designates a helmet with a conical top, assuming an OWN *ár ‘point, top, peak’. In regard to the variation between árhjalmi in this stanza and gollhjalmi ‘golden helmet’ in the next, Olsen (1962a, 6) would explain this as a matter of perspective: like the valkyries, he says, at one instant we see the helmet from above and at the next shining from a distance. The first element was earlier interpreted as ar- (an idea treaceable to Hkr 1697, I, 164), in reference to eagle images (so Sahlgren 1927-8, I, 62; also ÍF 26), or related to árr ‘early’ (so Du Méril 1839, 158); see also Lie (1948, 203).

hjalmi ‘a helmet’

(not checked:)
1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet < árhjalmr (noun m.)1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet < gullhjalmr (noun m.)1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet

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See st. 1.

[1-2]: The reading of J1ˣ, with J2ˣ in partial agreement, gives Hét á Holmrygi sá er her kallar ‘He who summons an army called on the Hólmrygir’, and it is adopted by Ettmüller (1858, 26; 1861, 26) and Cederström (1860, 7), but it is unlikely to be authorial, given the agreement of the other mss.

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Eyv Hák 3I

Hét ‘called’

á ‘on’

Holmrygi ‘’

Háleygi ‘the Háleygir’

sá ‘’

sems ‘just as’

notes

hér ‘’

á ‘on’

kallar ‘’

Holmrygi ‘the Hólmrygir’

notes

jarla ‘of jarls’

kennings

ein ‘The sole’

kennings

notes

dani ‘’

bani ‘slayer’

kennings

notes

fǫrr ‘’

fór ‘he went’

til ‘into’

orrostu ‘battle’

Gótt ‘the good’

hafði ‘had’

inir ‘’

inn ‘The’

kennings

gǫfgi ‘’

gjǫfli ‘munificent’

kennings

notes

gengi ‘support’

Norð ‘of the Nor’

eyðir ‘’

manna ‘wegians’

eyðanna ‘’

œgir ‘terrifier’

kennings

Ey ‘of Island’

kennings

dana ‘Danes’

kennings

stóð ‘he stood’

háum ‘’

gull ‘’

und ‘under’

ár ‘of metal’

notes

hjalmi ‘a helmet’

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Eyv Hák 3^I