Eyv Hák 2I
R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Eyvindr skáldaspillir Finnsson, Hákonarmál 2’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 176.
Bróður ‘brother’
kennings
bróður Bjarnar‘Bjǫrn’s brother ’
= Hákon
Bjǫrn’s brother → Hákon
notes
[1] bróður Bjarnar ‘Bjǫrn’s brother [= Hákon]’: Bjǫrn ruled Vestfold after the death of his father Haraldr hárfagri. Krause (1990, 41-2) is possibly right that Hákon’s relation to him is mentioned here because of Bjǫrn’s popularity, and because of the unpopularity that his brother Eiríkr blóðøx (father of Hákon’s opponents here at the battle of Fitjar) gained by killing him. Olsen (1916a, 3; see also Paasche 1916, 15) sees this as a reminder of Hákon’s duty to avenge Bjǫrn’s death upon Eiríkr’s sons, complicated as such a supposed duty may seem.
fundu ‘found’
(not checked:)
2. finna (verb): find, meet
þær ‘They [the valkyries]’
(not checked:)
hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
[1] þær: ‘þr’ J1ˣ(62r), þeir J2ˣ(58r), FskBˣ, FskAˣ
bjarnir ‘’
kennings
bróður Bjarnar‘Bjǫrn’s brother ’
= Hákon
Bjǫrn’s brother → Hákon
notes
[1] bróður Bjarnar ‘Bjǫrn’s brother [= Hákon]’: Bjǫrn ruled Vestfold after the death of his father Haraldr hárfagri. Krause (1990, 41-2) is possibly right that Hákon’s relation to him is mentioned here because of Bjǫrn’s popularity, and because of the unpopularity that his brother Eiríkr blóðøx (father of Hákon’s opponents here at the battle of Fitjar) gained by killing him. Olsen (1916a, 3; see also Paasche 1916, 15) sees this as a reminder of Hákon’s duty to avenge Bjǫrn’s death upon Eiríkr’s sons, complicated as such a supposed duty may seem.
ór ‘’
(not checked:)
3. ór (prep.): out of
notes
[2] fara í brynju ‘putting on a mail-shirt’: The F reading, ór brynju fara ‘taking off a mail-shirt’ is adopted by Müller (1837, 334) and Ettmüller (1858, 26; 1861, 26); see st. 4/1 and Note.
brynju ‘a mail-shirt’
(not checked:)
1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat
notes
[2] fara í brynju ‘putting on a mail-shirt’: The F reading, ór brynju fara ‘taking off a mail-shirt’ is adopted by Müller (1837, 334) and Ettmüller (1858, 26; 1861, 26); see st. 4/1 and Note.
fara ‘putting’
(not checked:)
fara (verb; ferr, fór, fóru, farinn): go, travel
notes
[2] fara í brynju ‘putting on a mail-shirt’: The F reading, ór brynju fara ‘taking off a mail-shirt’ is adopted by Müller (1837, 334) and Ettmüller (1858, 26; 1861, 26); see st. 4/1 and Note.
konung ‘king’
(not checked:)
konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
in ‘’
(not checked:)
2. inn (art.): the
kostsama ‘admirable’
(not checked:)
kostsamr (adj.): [admirable]
kominn ‘stationed’
(not checked:)
koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
ynd ‘’
undir ‘’
(not checked:)
undir (prep.): under
við ‘’
(not checked:)
2. við (prep.): with, against
und ‘under’
(not checked:)
3. und (prep.): under, underneath
[4] und: við F(18ra), ‘ynd’ J1ˣ(62r), undir FskBˣ
gunn ‘his battle’
(not checked:)
gunnr (noun f.): battle < gunnfani (noun m.)gunnr (noun f.): battle
fanir ‘’
fana ‘standard’
(not checked:)
-fani (noun m.): [standard, banner] < gunnfani (noun m.)
[4] ‑fana: ‑fanir FskBˣ
Drúpðu ‘drooped’
(not checked:)
drúpa (verb; °-pð-): droop
notes
[5] dolgráar drúpðu ‘enmity-yard-arms [SPEARS] drooped’: The verb usually refers to drooping of the head. The idea here may be that the spears are tilted, either in their flight over the host (so Hkr 1991) or in a position ready to be cast (so LP: drúpa 2; Olsen 1962a, 4; Hkr 1991 again), or that they droop to drink blood (so CVC: drúpa; cf. lutu ‘bent’ in st. 7/3). Olsen (1916a, 3) sees in this line reference to a spear set to be cast over the enemy host to consecrate them as a sacrifice to Óðinn (cf. Þhorn Harkv 12/2). Sahlgren (1927-8, I, 60-1) believes that Snorri is interpreting ll. 5-6 when he relates (ÍF 26, 188) that after men had cast spears, they drew their swords. As an alternative he proposes to read dolgarar (the reading of J1ˣ, J2ˣ) ‘eagles of hostility’, i.e. of battle (cf. Grí 10). A further suggestion is dolgárar ‘battle-oars’ as a kenning for ‘swords’ (Nygaard 1875, 320; Wimmer 1877, 129; cf. Krause 1990, 44: dolgôr). Still others have assumed words meaning ‘enemies’, presumably feeling an animate subject to be more suitable for drúpðu ‘drooped’: either dolgar (Munch and Unger 1847, 115; Ettmüller 1858, 26; Ettmüller 1861, 26; Möbius 1860, 232; Cederström 1860, 7), or dolgárar (lit. ‘strife-envoys’, Tvedt 1921, 55); cf. also Du Méril (1839, 158), and Uppström (1919, 46).
dolg ‘Enmity’
(not checked:)
dolg (noun n.): battle, enemy < dolgrá (noun f.): [Enmity-yard-arms]
[5] dolgráar (‘dolgrar’): ‘dolgarar’ J1ˣ(62r), J2ˣ(58r), dolgar FskBˣ, FskAˣ
kennings
Dolgráar‘Enmity-yard-arms ’
= SPEARS
Enmity-yard-arms → SPEARS
notes
[5] dolgráar drúpðu ‘enmity-yard-arms [SPEARS] drooped’: The verb usually refers to drooping of the head. The idea here may be that the spears are tilted, either in their flight over the host (so Hkr 1991) or in a position ready to be cast (so LP: drúpa 2; Olsen 1962a, 4; Hkr 1991 again), or that they droop to drink blood (so CVC: drúpa; cf. lutu ‘bent’ in st. 7/3). Olsen (1916a, 3) sees in this line reference to a spear set to be cast over the enemy host to consecrate them as a sacrifice to Óðinn (cf. Þhorn Harkv 12/2). Sahlgren (1927-8, I, 60-1) believes that Snorri is interpreting ll. 5-6 when he relates (ÍF 26, 188) that after men had cast spears, they drew their swords. As an alternative he proposes to read dolgarar (the reading of J1ˣ, J2ˣ) ‘eagles of hostility’, i.e. of battle (cf. Grí 10). A further suggestion is dolgárar ‘battle-oars’ as a kenning for ‘swords’ (Nygaard 1875, 320; Wimmer 1877, 129; cf. Krause 1990, 44: dolgôr). Still others have assumed words meaning ‘enemies’, presumably feeling an animate subject to be more suitable for drúpðu ‘drooped’: either dolgar (Munch and Unger 1847, 115; Ettmüller 1858, 26; Ettmüller 1861, 26; Möbius 1860, 232; Cederström 1860, 7), or dolgárar (lit. ‘strife-envoys’, Tvedt 1921, 55); cf. also Du Méril (1839, 158), and Uppström (1919, 46).
dolgar ‘’
(not checked:)
dolgr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ar): enemy, battle
dolgarar ‘’
ráar ‘yard-arms’
(not checked:)
3. rá (noun f.): sail-yard < dolgrá (noun f.): [Enmity-yard-arms]
[5] dolgráar (‘dolgrar’): ‘dolgarar’ J1ˣ(62r), J2ˣ(58r), dolgar FskBˣ, FskAˣ
kennings
Dolgráar‘Enmity-yard-arms ’
= SPEARS
Enmity-yard-arms → SPEARS
notes
[5] dolgráar drúpðu ‘enmity-yard-arms [SPEARS] drooped’: The verb usually refers to drooping of the head. The idea here may be that the spears are tilted, either in their flight over the host (so Hkr 1991) or in a position ready to be cast (so LP: drúpa 2; Olsen 1962a, 4; Hkr 1991 again), or that they droop to drink blood (so CVC: drúpa; cf. lutu ‘bent’ in st. 7/3). Olsen (1916a, 3) sees in this line reference to a spear set to be cast over the enemy host to consecrate them as a sacrifice to Óðinn (cf. Þhorn Harkv 12/2). Sahlgren (1927-8, I, 60-1) believes that Snorri is interpreting ll. 5-6 when he relates (ÍF 26, 188) that after men had cast spears, they drew their swords. As an alternative he proposes to read dolgarar (the reading of J1ˣ, J2ˣ) ‘eagles of hostility’, i.e. of battle (cf. Grí 10). A further suggestion is dolgárar ‘battle-oars’ as a kenning for ‘swords’ (Nygaard 1875, 320; Wimmer 1877, 129; cf. Krause 1990, 44: dolgôr). Still others have assumed words meaning ‘enemies’, presumably feeling an animate subject to be more suitable for drúpðu ‘drooped’: either dolgar (Munch and Unger 1847, 115; Ettmüller 1858, 26; Ettmüller 1861, 26; Möbius 1860, 232; Cederström 1860, 7), or dolgárar (lit. ‘strife-envoys’, Tvedt 1921, 55); cf. also Du Méril (1839, 158), and Uppström (1919, 46).
dǫrr ‘’
(not checked:)
dǫrr (noun m.): spear
vǫrðr ‘’
(not checked:)
vǫrðr (noun m.; °varðar, dat. verði/vǫrð; verðir, acc. vǫrðu): guardian, defender
durr ‘’
(not checked:)
dúrr (noun m.): °?drowsiness, nap
darrar ‘’
(not checked:)
dǫrr (noun m.): spear
en ‘and’
(not checked:)
2. en (conj.): but, and
darraðr ‘the banner’
(not checked:)
darraðr (noun m.): [banner, standard]
[6] darraðr: darrar J1ˣ(62r), J2ˣ(58r), ‘durr vordr’ FskBˣ, ‘daur’ FskAˣ
notes
[6] darraðr ‘the banner’: The word may be cognate with OE daroþ ‘spear’ (the meaning assumed by most eds), though the geminate <r> renders that doubtful. The word has also been thought by Falk (1924, 6-7) to mean ‘sword’. Holtsmark (1939) interprets it as a banner which is shaken as a sign for battle to begin, and this interpretation is now widely accepted: see Olsen (1962a, 4-5), Dronke (1969, 49-50) and particularly Poole (1991, 125-31).
hristisk ‘shook’
(not checked:)
hrista (verb): shake
upp ‘’
(not checked:)
upp (adv.): up
vas ‘was’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
þá ‘then’
(not checked:)
2. þá (adv.): then
hildr ‘the battle’
(not checked:)
1. hildr (noun f.): battle
hafinn ‘’
(not checked:)
hefja (verb): lift, start
of ‘’
(not checked:)
3. of (prep.): around, from; too
notes
[7] of hafin ‘begun’: Munch and Unger (1847) and Möbius (1860) adopt the reading um hafit, presumably ‘around the sea’, found in some mss.
hafin ‘begun’
(not checked:)
hefja (verb): lift, start
[7] hafin: hafit Kˣ, F(18ra), J1ˣ(62r), J2ˣ(58r), FskAˣ, 761bˣ, hafinn FskBˣ
notes
[7] of hafin ‘begun’: Munch and Unger (1847) and Möbius (1860) adopt the reading um hafit, presumably ‘around the sea’, found in some mss.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
See st. 1.
For the battle of Fitjar (c. 961), see also sts 3-9 below, Eyv Lv 1-5, ÞSjár Þórdr and Glúmr Lv . — [5-7]: Here the metre changes from málaháttr to ljóðaháttr.
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.