Anon Lil 86VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Lilja 86’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 658-9.
Heyrðu ‘Hear’
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2. heyra (verb): hear
notes
[1] heyrðu ‘hear’: This form of the word is necessary to form a rhyme with jarð-.
mig ‘me’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
nú ‘now’
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nú (adv.): now
himins ‘of heaven’
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himinn (noun m.; °himins, dat. himni; himnar): heaven, sky
og ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
jarðar ‘earth’
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jǫrð (noun f.; °jarðar, dat. -u; jarðir/jarðar(DN I (1367) 304)): ground, earth
háleit ‘sublime’
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háleitr (adj.): glorious, sublime
bygðin ‘dwelling’
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byggð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): dwelling, settlement
[2] bygðin: frygðin 713, 4892, dygðin 41 8°ˣ
notes
[2] bygðin allra dygða ‘dwelling of all virtues’: The kenning-like epithet is reminiscent of titles for Mary used in Lat. hymns (e.g. vas virtutum omnium ‘vessel of all virtues’ [AH 46, 157] and virtutum sacrarium ‘sacrarium of virtues’ [AH 32, 210], gemma virtutum ‘jewel of virtues’ [AH 4, 47], receptaculum virtutum ‘receptacle of virtues’ [AH 15, 51], cella virtutum ‘cell of virtues’ [AH 32, 191]). The section on the Sacrament of Confirmation in Kristinn réttr Árna biskups (Kristinn réttr hinn nýi) uses this term for the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit (NGL V, 22).
notes
[2] bygðin allra dygða ‘dwelling of all virtues’: The kenning-like epithet is reminiscent of titles for Mary used in Lat. hymns (e.g. vas virtutum omnium ‘vessel of all virtues’ [AH 46, 157] and virtutum sacrarium ‘sacrarium of virtues’ [AH 32, 210], gemma virtutum ‘jewel of virtues’ [AH 4, 47], receptaculum virtutum ‘receptacle of virtues’ [AH 15, 51], cella virtutum ‘cell of virtues’ [AH 32, 191]). The section on the Sacrament of Confirmation in Kristinn réttr Árna biskups (Kristinn réttr hinn nýi) uses this term for the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit (NGL V, 22).
notes
[2] bygðin allra dygða ‘dwelling of all virtues’: The kenning-like epithet is reminiscent of titles for Mary used in Lat. hymns (e.g. vas virtutum omnium ‘vessel of all virtues’ [AH 46, 157] and virtutum sacrarium ‘sacrarium of virtues’ [AH 32, 210], gemma virtutum ‘jewel of virtues’ [AH 4, 47], receptaculum virtutum ‘receptacle of virtues’ [AH 15, 51], cella virtutum ‘cell of virtues’ [AH 32, 191]). The section on the Sacrament of Confirmation in Kristinn réttr Árna biskups (Kristinn réttr hinn nýi) uses this term for the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit (NGL V, 22).
megin ‘great’
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meginn (adj.; °megnan; compar. megnari, superl. megnastr): strength < megindróttning (noun f.)
kennings
megindrotningin manna og eingla,‘great queen of men and angels, ’
= Mary
great queen of men and angels, → Mary
drotningin ‘queen’
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dróttning (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-, acc. -u/-; -ar): queen < megindróttning (noun f.)
[3] ‑drotningin: ‑kóngur Vb, 41 8°ˣ
kennings
megindrotningin manna og eingla,‘great queen of men and angels, ’
= Mary
great queen of men and angels, → Mary
manna ‘of men’
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
kennings
megindrotningin manna og eingla,‘great queen of men and angels, ’
= Mary
great queen of men and angels, → Mary
og ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
kennings
megindrotningin manna og eingla,‘great queen of men and angels, ’
= Mary
great queen of men and angels, → Mary
eingla ‘angels’
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1. engill (noun m.; °engils; englar): angel
kennings
megindrotningin manna og eingla,‘great queen of men and angels, ’
= Mary
great queen of men and angels, → Mary
kennings
móðir guðs‘mother of God ’
= Mary
mother of God → Mary
guðs ‘of God’
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1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God
[4] guðs og: fróður Vb, 41 8°ˣ
kennings
móðir guðs‘mother of God ’
= Mary
mother of God → Mary
lækning ‘healing’
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lækning (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u; -ar): [healing]
[4] lækning: blessan 99a, 622, 713, 705ˣ, blessan Vb, 41 8°ˣ
notes
[4] lækning þjóða ‘healing of peoples’: Cf. such conventional epithets for Mary as salus populi ‘healing of the people’ (AH 15, 51; 32, 88), salus gentium ‘healing of peoples’ (AH 15, 51; 34, 120; 37, 69; 54, 101), salus omnium ‘healing of all’ (AH 30,128), and salus hominum ‘healing of men’ (AH 15, 30, 31, 32).
notes
[4] lækning þjóða ‘healing of peoples’: Cf. such conventional epithets for Mary as salus populi ‘healing of the people’ (AH 15, 51; 32, 88), salus gentium ‘healing of peoples’ (AH 15, 51; 34, 120; 37, 69; 54, 101), salus omnium ‘healing of all’ (AH 30,128), and salus hominum ‘healing of men’ (AH 15, 30, 31, 32).
þá ‘’
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2. þá (adv.): then
mæðumz ‘I suffer’
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2. mœða (verb): weary
nógum ‘great’
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gnógr (adj.; °compar. gnógari/gnǿgri, superl. gnógastr/gnǿgstr): abundant
[5] nógum: miklum 622
nauðum ‘need’
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neyð (noun f.; °dat. -): need, distress
nálæg ‘near’
[6] nálæg: nálægr Vb, 41 8°ˣ, nálægri 4892
vertu ‘be’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
minni ‘my’
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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my
sálu ‘soul’
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sál (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): soul
vef ‘enfold’
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vefa (verb): enfold, weave
ágætu ‘your famous’
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ágætr (adj.; °compar. ágǽtari/ágǽtri, superl. ágǽtastr/ágǽztr): excellent
verndar ‘protecting’
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1. vernda (verb): defend, protect < verndarskaut (noun n.)
[7] verndarskauti: verndarskarti 713
notes
[7] verndarskauti ‘protecting mantle’: Lit. ‘cloak-hem of protection’. A skaut is a corner at the edge of a garment or a piece of cloth. The image recalls the popular Lat. prayer to Mary: Sub tuum presidium confugimus, sancta Dei genitrix: nostras deprecationes ne despicias in necessitatibus: sed a periculis cunctis libera nos semper virgo benedicta ‘Under your protection we flee, holy mother of God: do not despise our prayers in our need, but free us always from all perils, blessed virgin’ (Brev. Nidr. h.iiiir). The image occurs in visual art in the familiar Madonna misericordiae ‘Our Lady of Mercy’ motif, where Mary is depicted sheltering people under her cloak or veil (see Perdrizet 1908; Cinthio et al. 1966; Belting-Ihm 1976). Devotion to the ‘virgin of the mantle’ arose among the Cistercians in C13th. It was taken up by the Dominicans and other friars, and by C14th it had spread throughout Europe. Visual representations of the sheltering Virgin appeared on the seals of the Cistercian order, the monastery of Cteaux, and other Cistercian foundations (see Perdrizet 1902, pl. II) and the image spread through northen Europe in mss of the popular Speculum Humanae Salvationis. The word verndarskaut also occurs in Stjórn’s description of the saved (Unger 1862, 3): Jesus Kristus ... samnandi sonum Hierusalem. þat er rettruaðum monnum kristnum ok val friðsomum undir sealfs sins valld ok verndar skaut upp á þann hátt sem hænan samnar sinum ungum undir sina vængi ‘Jesus Christ ... gathering the sons of Jerusalem, that is, faithful and truly peaceful Christian men, under his own authority and his protecting mantle up in that height, like a hen gathers her young under her wings’. It occurs as a variant of skauti in Mar 1871, 716: Ef hinn forni manzins ovin will þier skada gera, fel þig vndir hennar uerndarskauti ‘If the ancient enemy of mankind wishes to do you harm, hide yourself under her protecting mantle’.
skauti ‘mantle’
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skaut (noun n.; °; -): sail < verndarskaut (noun n.)
[7] verndarskauti: verndarskarti 713
notes
[7] verndarskauti ‘protecting mantle’: Lit. ‘cloak-hem of protection’. A skaut is a corner at the edge of a garment or a piece of cloth. The image recalls the popular Lat. prayer to Mary: Sub tuum presidium confugimus, sancta Dei genitrix: nostras deprecationes ne despicias in necessitatibus: sed a periculis cunctis libera nos semper virgo benedicta ‘Under your protection we flee, holy mother of God: do not despise our prayers in our need, but free us always from all perils, blessed virgin’ (Brev. Nidr. h.iiiir). The image occurs in visual art in the familiar Madonna misericordiae ‘Our Lady of Mercy’ motif, where Mary is depicted sheltering people under her cloak or veil (see Perdrizet 1908; Cinthio et al. 1966; Belting-Ihm 1976). Devotion to the ‘virgin of the mantle’ arose among the Cistercians in C13th. It was taken up by the Dominicans and other friars, and by C14th it had spread throughout Europe. Visual representations of the sheltering Virgin appeared on the seals of the Cistercian order, the monastery of Cteaux, and other Cistercian foundations (see Perdrizet 1902, pl. II) and the image spread through northen Europe in mss of the popular Speculum Humanae Salvationis. The word verndarskaut also occurs in Stjórn’s description of the saved (Unger 1862, 3): Jesus Kristus ... samnandi sonum Hierusalem. þat er rettruaðum monnum kristnum ok val friðsomum undir sealfs sins valld ok verndar skaut upp á þann hátt sem hænan samnar sinum ungum undir sina vængi ‘Jesus Christ ... gathering the sons of Jerusalem, that is, faithful and truly peaceful Christian men, under his own authority and his protecting mantle up in that height, like a hen gathers her young under her wings’. It occurs as a variant of skauti in Mar 1871, 716: Ef hinn forni manzins ovin will þier skada gera, fel þig vndir hennar uerndarskauti ‘If the ancient enemy of mankind wishes to do you harm, hide yourself under her protecting mantle’.
ván ‘hope’
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ván (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): hope, expectation
notes
[8] ván mín ‘my hope’: A popular epithet for Mary, familiar from the antiphon Salve Regina misericordiae. Vite dulcedo et spes nostra salue ‘Hail, Queen of Mercy, hail, our life, our sweetness, and our hope’ (Brev. Nidr. h.iiiir).
mín ‘my’
(not checked:)
minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my
notes
[8] ván mín ‘my hope’: A popular epithet for Mary, familiar from the antiphon Salve Regina misericordiae. Vite dulcedo et spes nostra salue ‘Hail, Queen of Mercy, hail, our life, our sweetness, and our hope’ (Brev. Nidr. h.iiiir).
sönn ‘true’
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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true
hjálpar ‘the help’
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hjǫlp (noun f.; °hjalpar; hjalpir/hjalpar): help, salvation
mönnum ‘of men’
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Sts 86-96, consisting of lyrics in praise of Mary, were often circulated separately under the title Máríúvísur úr Lilju.
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