Anon Lil 49^VII

Fúsir hlupu og fundu Jésúm;
fundinn hröktu, lömdu og bundu;
bundinn leiddu; hæðnir hæddu;
hæddan, rægðan, slógu klæddan
fjandans börnin; þraungum þyrni
þessir spenna um blessað ennið;
þessir negldu Krist á krossinn;
keyra járn, svá að stökk um dreyrinn.

Fúsir hlupu og fundu Jésúm; fundinn hröktu, lömdu og bundu; bundinn leiddu; hæðnir hæddu; hæddan, rægðan, klæddan slógu {börnin fjandans}; þessir spenna þraungum þyrni um blessað ennið; þessir negldu Krist á krossinn; keyra járn, svá að dreyrinn stökk um.

Frenzied men ran and found Jesus; having found him, they abused him, struck him, and bound him; when he had been bound, they led him; those fond of mocking mocked him; when he had been mocked, reviled, and clothed {the offspring of the fiend} [= Jews] struck him; they wind a tight [crown of] thorn around the blessed forehead; they nailed Christ to the cross; they drive iron [nails] so that the blood spurted around [them].

Mss: Bb(115ra), 99a(10r-v), 622(31-32), 713(10), Vb(251), 41 8°ˣ(121), 705ˣ(13r), 4892(32v)

Readings: [1] hlupu: hlaupa 622    [3] leiddu: leiddu en 99a;    hæðnir: heiðir 99a, heimskir 713, 4892    [4] rægðan: om. 713, 4892, rægðu Vb, 41 8°ˣ;    slógu: slógu og 622, slógu og af 713, slóu Vb, 41 8°ˣ, slóu og af 4892;    klæddan: afklæddan 99a, Vb, 705ˣ, klæddu 622, 713, 4892    [5] fjandans: fjanda Vb, 41 8°ˣ;    börnin: börn gjöra Vb, 41 8°ˣ, barn gjöra 4892;    þraungum: þraungvan 713, 41 8°ˣ, þraungan Vb, þraungva 4892    [6] þessir: þessum 99a, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, þess 4892;    um: om. Vb;    ennið: enni 99a, 622, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892    [7] negldu: negla 622, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892;    Krist: so 99a, 622, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892, trist Bb    [8] keyra: og keyra 99a, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ;    að: om. 99a, 622, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 4892;    stökk: stökkr 622;    um: út 99a, 622, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 4892;    dreyrinn: dreyri 99a, 622, Vb, 41 8°ˣ

Editions: Skj AII, 379, Skj BII, 403, Skald II, 220, NN §§1526, 1527.

Notes: [1-4]: In skaldic poetics, the repetition of the last word of a l. at the beginning of the following l. is called dunhent ‘echoing rhymed’. See SnSt Ht sts 24, 47, and 48^III (SnE 1999, 15, 22-3) and RvHbreiðm Hl sts 57, 58, 65, and 66^III (Jón Helgason and Holtsmark 1941, 127-9), but, as Rudolf Meissner says (1922, 52), ‘What a difference between these school-examples and the stanzas of Lilja!’. In Lat. rhetoric, which may be the closer model here, the figure is called anadiplosis or reduplicatio (Lausberg 1998, §619; cf. e.g. the definition given by the Venerable Bede [Hurst 1975, 146] and the brief discussion in TGT 1884-6, I, 94). The ll. also exhibit climax or gradatio: the repeated word occurs first in the pret., and then as perf. participles (Lausberg 1998, §623; cf. e.g. the definitions in the Rhetorica ad Herennium [Marx 1923, 4.25.34] and Augustine’s De Doctrina Christiana [Martin 1962, 123]) and polyptoton, the repetition of a word in various grammatical forms (Lausberg 1998, §§640-8; cf. e.g. the Venerable Bede [Hurst 1975, 150]. See also Laugesen 1966, 297-8, and cf. Lil 55 and 66). — [2] hröktu ‘abused’: The basic meaning of hrekja is to mishandle or physically abuse an animal or a person, but it can also refer to verbal abuse (see Fritzner: hrekja). — [4] klæddan ‘clothed’: Some form of klæða ‘clothe’ is preferable to afklæða ‘unclothe’: the allusion is to John XIX.2-3: et milites plectentes coronam de spinis inposuerunt capiti eius et veste purpurea circumdederunt eum et veniebant ad eum et dicebant have rex Iudaeorum et dabant ei alapas ‘and the soldiers platting a crown of thorns, put it upon his head; and they put on him a purple garment. And they came to him and said: Hail, king of the Jews; and they gave him blows’. The reading of Bb, slógu klæddan ‘they struck the one they had clothed’ is acceptable; Kock points out that the reading hæddan rægðu, slógu ok klæddu ‘they reviled him who had been mocked, they struck and clothed [him]’ chimes with l. 2: fundinn hröktu, lömdu og bundu ‘they shook him who was found, they struck and bound [him]’ (NN §1526).

References

1. Bibliography
2. TGT 1884 = Björn Magnússon Ólsen, ed. 1884. Den tredje og fjærde grammatiske afhandling i Snorres Edda tilligemed de grammatiske afhandlingers prolog og to andre tillæg. SUGNL 12. Copenhagen: Knudtzon.
3. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
4. NN = Kock, Ernst Albin. 1923-44. Notationes Norrœnæ: Anteckningar till Edda och skaldediktning. Lunds Universitets årsskrift new ser. 1. 28 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
5. Fritzner = Fritzner, Johan. 1883-96. Ordbog over det gamle norske sprog. 3 vols. Kristiania (Oslo): Den norske forlagsforening. 4th edn. Rpt. 1973. Oslo etc.: Universitetsforlaget.
6. Jón Helgason and Anne Holtsmark, eds. 1941. Háttalykill enn forni. BA 1. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.
7. Laugesen, Anker Teilgård. 1966. Middelalderlitteraturen: en orientering. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.
8. Lausberg, Heinrich. 1998. Handbook of Literary Rhetoric: A Foundation for Literary Study. Trans. Matthew T. Bliss, Annemiek Jansen and David E. Orton. Ed. David E. Orton and R. Dean Anderson. Leiden: Brill.
9. Martin, Josef, ed. 1962. [S. Augustine of Hippo] De Doctrina Christiana. Aurelii Augustina opera 4, 1. CCSL 32.
10. Marx, Friedrich, ed. 1923. Rhetorica ad Herennium. De ratione dicendi ad C. Herennium libri IV. Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana. Leipzig: Teubner.
11. SnE 1999 = Snorri Sturluson. 1999. Edda: Háttatal. Ed. Anthony Faulkes. Rpt. with addenda and corrigenda. University College London: Viking Society for Northern Research.
12. Internal references
15. Kari Ellen Gade 2017, ‘ Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1001. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=1347> (accessed 20 April 2024)
16. Kari Ellen Gade 2017, ‘ Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1094. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=1376> (accessed 20 April 2024)
17. Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Lilja 55’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 624-6.