Anon Lil 49VII
Martin Chase (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Lilja 49’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 619-20.
Fúsir ‘Frenzied men’
(not checked:)
fúss (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): eager, willing
og ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
fundu ‘found’
(not checked:)
2. finna (verb): find, meet
Jésúm ‘Jesus’
(not checked:)
Jésús (noun m.): Jesus
fundinn ‘having found him’
(not checked:)
2. finna (verb): find, meet
hröktu ‘they abused’
(not checked:)
1. hrøkkva (verb): coil
notes
[2] hröktu ‘abused’: The basic meaning of hrekja is to mishandle or physically abuse an animal or a person, but it can also refer to verbal abuse (see Fritzner: hrekja).
lömdu ‘struck’
(not checked:)
lemja (verb): beat, make lame
og ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
bundu ‘bound’
(not checked:)
binda (verb; °bindr; batt/bant(cf. [$332$]), bundu; bundinn): bind, tie
bundinn ‘when he had been bound’
(not checked:)
binda (verb; °bindr; batt/bant(cf. [$332$]), bundu; bundinn): bind, tie
leiddu ‘they led’
(not checked:)
2. leiða (verb; -dd): lead; (-sk) grow tired
[3] leiddu: leiddu en 99a
heimskir ‘’
(not checked:)
heimskr (adj.; °comp. -ari, superl. -astr): foolish
heiðir ‘’
(not checked:)
4. heiðr (adj.): bright
hæðnir ‘those fond of mocking’
(not checked:)
2. hæða (verb): to mock, scorn
[3] hæðnir: heiðir 99a, heimskir 713, 4892
hæddu ‘mocked’
(not checked:)
2. hæða (verb): to mock, scorn
hæddan ‘when he had been mocked’
(not checked:)
2. hæða (verb): to mock, scorn
rægðan ‘reviled’
(not checked:)
rœgja (verb): [maligned, reviled]
[4] rægðan: om. 713, 4892, rægðu Vb, 41 8°ˣ
slógu ‘struck’
(not checked:)
2. slá (verb): strike, cut
[4] slógu: slógu og 622, slógu og af 713, slóu Vb, 41 8°ˣ, slóu og af 4892
klæddan ‘clothed’
(not checked:)
klæða (verb): clothe
[4] klæddan: afklæddan 99a, Vb, 705ˣ, klæddu 622, 713, 4892
notes
[4] klæddan ‘clothed’: Some form of klæða ‘clothe’ is preferable to afklæða ‘unclothe’: the allusion is to John XIX.2-3: et milites plectentes coronam de spinis inposuerunt capiti eius et veste purpurea circumdederunt eum et veniebant ad eum et dicebant have rex Iudaeorum et dabant ei alapas ‘and the soldiers platting a crown of thorns, put it upon his head; and they put on him a purple garment. And they came to him and said: Hail, king of the Jews; and they gave him blows’. The reading of Bb, slógu klæddan ‘they struck the one they had clothed’ is acceptable; Kock points out that the reading hæddan rægðu, slógu ok klæddu ‘they reviled him who had been mocked, they struck and clothed [him]’ chimes with l. 2: fundinn hröktu, lömdu og bundu ‘they shook him who was found, they struck and bound [him]’ (NN §1526).
fjandans ‘of the fiend’
(not checked:)
fjándi (noun m.; °-a; fjándr/fjándar/fjándir): enemy, devil
[5] fjandans: fjanda Vb, 41 8°ˣ
kennings
börnin fjandans;‘the offspring of the fiend ’
= Jews
the offspring of the fiend → Jews
gjöra ‘’
(not checked:)
1. gera (verb): do, make
börnin ‘the offspring’
(not checked:)
barn (noun n.; °-s; bǫrn/barn(JKr 345³), dat. bǫrnum/barnum): child
[5] börnin: börn gjöra Vb, 41 8°ˣ, barn gjöra 4892
kennings
börnin fjandans;‘the offspring of the fiend ’
= Jews
the offspring of the fiend → Jews
þraungum ‘a tight’
(not checked:)
þrǫngr (adj.): tight, pressed
[5] þraungum: þraungvan 713, 41 8°ˣ, þraungan Vb, þraungva 4892
þyrni ‘[crown of] thorn’
(not checked:)
þyrn (noun f.): thorn-bush
þessir ‘they’
(not checked:)
1. sjá (pron.; °gen. þessa dat. þessum/þeima, acc. þenna; f. sjá/þessi; n. þetta, dat. þessu/þvísa; pl. þessir): this
[6] þessir: þessum 99a, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, þess 4892
spenna ‘wind’
(not checked:)
2. spenna (verb): span, surround
blessað ‘the blessed’
(not checked:)
blessa (verb): bless
ennið ‘forehead’
(not checked:)
enni (noun n.; °-s; -): forehead, brow
[6] ennið: enni 99a, 622, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892
trist ‘’
Krist ‘Christ’
(not checked:)
Kristr (noun m.; °-s/-, dat. -i; -ar): Christ
[7] Krist: so 99a, 622, 713, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892, trist Bb
á ‘to’
(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at
krossinn ‘the cross’
(not checked:)
kross (noun m.; °-, dat. -i; -ar): cross, crucifix
keyra ‘they drive’
(not checked:)
keyra (verb): drive, whip, fling
[8] keyra: og keyra 99a, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ
járn ‘iron [nails]’
(not checked:)
járn (noun n.; °-s; -): iron, weapon
svá ‘so’
(not checked:)
svá (adv.): so, thus
dreyrinn ‘the blood’
(not checked:)
dreyri (noun m.; °-a): blood
[8] dreyrinn: dreyri 99a, 622, Vb, 41 8°ˣ
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Frenzied men ran and found Jesus; having found him, they abused him, struck him, and bound him; when he had been bound, they led him; those fond of mocking mocked him; when he had been mocked, reviled, and clothed the offspring of the fiend [= Jews] struck him; they wind a tight [crown of] thorn around the blessed forehead; they nailed Christ to the cross; they drive iron [nails] so that the blood spurted around [them].
[1-4]: In skaldic poetics, the repetition of the last word of a l. at the beginning of the following l. is called dunhent ‘echoing rhymed’. See SnSt Ht sts 24, 47, and 48III (SnE 1999, 15, 22-3) and RvHbreiðm Hl sts 57, 58, 65, and 66III (Jón Helgason and Holtsmark 1941, 127-9), but, as Rudolf Meissner says (1922, 52), ‘What a difference between these school-examples and the stanzas of Lilja!’. In Lat. rhetoric, which may be the closer model here, the figure is called anadiplosis or reduplicatio (Lausberg 1998, §619; cf. e.g. the definition given by the Venerable Bede [Hurst 1975, 146] and the brief discussion in TGT 1884-6, I, 94). The ll. also exhibit climax or gradatio: the repeated word occurs first in the pret., and then as perf. participles (Lausberg 1998, §623; cf. e.g. the definitions in the Rhetorica ad Herennium [Marx 1923, 4.25.34] and Augustine’s De Doctrina Christiana [Martin 1962, 123]) and polyptoton, the repetition of a word in various grammatical forms (Lausberg 1998, §§640-8; cf. e.g. the Venerable Bede [Hurst 1975, 150]. See also Laugesen 1966, 297-8, and cf. Lil 55 and 66).
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.