Anon Lil 27^VII

Leið ‘moved’

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2. leiða (verb; -dd): lead; (-sk) grow tired

sigrandi ‘excelling’

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sigra (verb): win, gain victory

pá ‘the pea’

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pá (noun m.): peacock < páfugl (noun m.)

notes

[1] páfugls ‘peacock’s’: The angel Gabriel is frequently portrayed in late medieval art with peacock wings. See Bernström 1968.

fugls ‘cock’s’

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fugl (noun m.): bird < páfugl (noun m.)

notes

[1] páfugls ‘peacock’s’: The angel Gabriel is frequently portrayed in late medieval art with peacock wings. See Bernström 1968.

prýði ‘beauty’

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prýði (noun f.): finery, honour

pentað ‘the ornamented’

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penta (verb): ornament, paint

notes

[3] pentað ‘ornamented’: Penta means ‘to paint, decorate with pictures’. PBp uses it in an account of the building of a church: Hann lét Atla prest skrifara penta allt rjáfrit innan… ‘He had Atli, the priest and painter, paint the whole underside of the roof…’ (ÍF 16, 306). In typical medieval manner, the poet regards the universe as a macrocosmic image of a church (or, more rightly, the church as a microcosmic image of the universe) (JH).

innan ‘through’

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innan (prep.): inside, within

firmamentum ‘firmament’

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firmamentum (noun ?): [firmament]

Gabriél ‘Gabriel’

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Gabríel (noun m.): [Gabriel]

sem ‘like’

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sem (conj.): as, which

geisli ‘ray’

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geisli (noun m.): beam of light

[3] geisli: geislin 705ˣ

notes

[3] geisli sólar ‘ray of the sun’: Cf. kennings for Christ geisli sólar miskunnar ‘beam of the sun of mercy’ (Geisl 1/6) and geisla guðs hallar ‘ray of God’s hall’ (Geisl 7/1-2). Here the poet may likewise wish to suggest that the angel is an extension of God. The image anticipates st. 33, where the geisli symbolises the Divinity shining through Mary’s humanity at the birth of Jesus. Cf. the kenning-like periphrasis for Mary, geisli lofta ‘light-beam of the heavens’, in 89/3.

sólar ‘of the sun’

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sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun

notes

[3] geisli sólar ‘ray of the sun’: Cf. kennings for Christ geisli sólar miskunnar ‘beam of the sun of mercy’ (Geisl 1/6) and geisla guðs hallar ‘ray of God’s hall’ (Geisl 7/1-2). Here the poet may likewise wish to suggest that the angel is an extension of God. The image anticipates st. 33, where the geisli symbolises the Divinity shining through Mary’s humanity at the birth of Jesus. Cf. the kenning-like periphrasis for Mary, geisli lofta ‘light-beam of the heavens’, in 89/3.

gleðiligur ‘a joyful’

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gleðiligr (adj.): joyful

notes

[4] gleðiligur ‘joyful’: Kock (NN §§2629 and 1509A) argues that the necessary resolution of the first two syllables means that the l. lacks a stress, and that Finnur Jónsson’s normalisation to gleðiligur does not solve the problem. In fact, desyllabification does make the l. correct metrically.

í ‘into’

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í (prep.): in, into

[4] í: um 622, 713, 4892, og Vb

loft ‘air’

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loft (noun n.): air, sky

[4] loft in: loptum Vb, 41 8°ˣ

notes

[4] en neðri loft ‘the lower air’: Cf. lofti næsta ‘the nearest air’ 11/3 and Note, as well as 40/2. The poet imagines a traditional three-tiered cosmology, of which the sphere of air surrounding the earth is the lowest or nearest. The image of Gabriel transcending the atmospheric layers is literary rather than biblical or homiletic.

in ‘the’

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2. inn (art.): the

[4] loft in: loptum Vb, 41 8°ˣ

notes

[4] en neðri loft ‘the lower air’: Cf. lofti næsta ‘the nearest air’ 11/3 and Note, as well as 40/2. The poet imagines a traditional three-tiered cosmology, of which the sphere of air surrounding the earth is the lowest or nearest. The image of Gabriel transcending the atmospheric layers is literary rather than biblical or homiletic.

neðri ‘lower’

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neðri (adj. comp.; °superl. neztr): lower, lowest

notes

[4] en neðri loft ‘the lower air’: Cf. lofti næsta ‘the nearest air’ 11/3 and Note, as well as 40/2. The poet imagines a traditional three-tiered cosmology, of which the sphere of air surrounding the earth is the lowest or nearest. The image of Gabriel transcending the atmospheric layers is literary rather than biblical or homiletic.

Sendiboði ‘The messenger’

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sendiboði (noun m.): messenger

[5] Sendiboði: sendiboð 720a VIII, Vb, 41 8°ˣ, sendiboðinn 713, 4892

kennings

kom ‘came’

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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come

[5] kom: komu 720a VIII

sjaufalds ‘of the sevenfold’

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sjaufaldr (adj.)

kennings

notes

[5] sjaufalds anda ‘of the sevenfold Spirit’: Translates Lat. septiformis spiritus, a commonplace in liturgical and theological texts from the earliest days of Christianity. The image has its roots in Isa. XI.2-3: et requiescet super eum spiritus Domini spiritus sapientiae et intellectus spiritus consilii et fortitudinis spiritus scientiae et pietatis et replebit eum spiritus timoris Domini ‘And the spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him: the spirit of wisdom, and of understanding, the spirit of counsel, and of fortitude, the spirit of knowledge, and of godliness. And he shall be filled with the spirit of the fear of the Lord’. Cf. 80/5-6: Send mier hingat sanna gift sjaufalds anda ‘send to me here the true gift of the sevenfold Spirit’. The phrase occurs twice (on the same page) in HómÍsl: biþia os ſva ſiꜹfaldrar giftar enſ helga anda ‘we pray for the sevenfold gift of the Holy Spirit’ (HómÍsl 1993, 49v). The image of a sevenfold spirit is strange, but it is by no means uncommon in medieval texts, e.g. the famous hymn Veni Creator Spiritus: Tu, septiformis munere... ‘You, sevenfold with gift...’ (AH 2, 93; Brev. Nidr, P.vii^v).

anda ‘Spirit’

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andi (noun m.; °-a; -ar): spirit, soul

kennings

notes

[5] sjaufalds anda ‘of the sevenfold Spirit’: Translates Lat. septiformis spiritus, a commonplace in liturgical and theological texts from the earliest days of Christianity. The image has its roots in Isa. XI.2-3: et requiescet super eum spiritus Domini spiritus sapientiae et intellectus spiritus consilii et fortitudinis spiritus scientiae et pietatis et replebit eum spiritus timoris Domini ‘And the spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him: the spirit of wisdom, and of understanding, the spirit of counsel, and of fortitude, the spirit of knowledge, and of godliness. And he shall be filled with the spirit of the fear of the Lord’. Cf. 80/5-6: Send mier hingat sanna gift sjaufalds anda ‘send to me here the true gift of the sevenfold Spirit’. The phrase occurs twice (on the same page) in HómÍsl: biþia os ſva ſiꜹfaldrar giftar enſ helga anda ‘we pray for the sevenfold gift of the Holy Spirit’ (HómÍsl 1993, 49v). The image of a sevenfold spirit is strange, but it is by no means uncommon in medieval texts, e.g. the famous hymn Veni Creator Spiritus: Tu, septiformis munere... ‘You, sevenfold with gift...’ (AH 2, 93; Brev. Nidr, P.vii^v).

svá ‘so’

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svá (adv.): so, thus

er ‘it is’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

greinanda ‘to be told’

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greina (verb): explain, divide

[6] greinanda: greinandi 99a, 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892

að ‘to’

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3. at (prep.): at, to

húsi ‘house’

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hús (noun n.; °-s; -): house

einu ‘a’

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2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone

sannr ‘the true’

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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true

mey ‘maiden’

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mær (noun f.; °meyjar, dat. meyju; meyjar): maiden < meydómr (noun m.): maidenhood, virginity

[7] meydómrinn: meydómr 4892

dómrinn ‘hood’

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dómr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): judgement; court; -dom, -ness (suffix) < meydómr (noun m.): maidenhood, virginity

[7] meydómrinn: meydómr 4892

sat ‘sat’

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sitja (verb): sit

þar ‘there’

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þar (adv.): there

inni ‘in’

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2. inni (adv.): in, inside, indoors

sjálft ‘itself’

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sjalfr (adj.): self

hrein ‘purity’

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2. hreinn (adj.; °compar. hreinari/hreinni, superl. hreinastr/hreinstr): pure < hreinlífi (noun n.): chastity

lífið ‘’

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lífi (noun n.; °-s): life < hreinlífi (noun n.): chastity

gim ‘the jewel’

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gim (noun n.): gem, jewel < gimsteinn (noun m.): jewel

[8] gimsteinn: ‘gimsteirn’ 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892

notes

[8] gimsteinn vífa ‘jewel of women’: The same kenning-like phrase is used for Mary in Mgr 39/4. Cf. gimsteinn brúða ‘jewel of women’ in 89/4 and gimstein sprunda ‘jewel of women’ in Árni Gd 10/6^IV, as well as the later Icel. poem Gimsteinn (ÍM I.2, 285-332). In Lat. hymns Mary is commonly referred to as gemma ‘gem’, eg. gemma puellarum ‘gem of maidens’ (AH 30, 129) and gemma virginum ‘gem of virgins’ (AH 32, 88, 236; 40, 95). Mary Magdalene is called gimstein brúða ‘jewel of women’ in Anon Mey 11/8, and Bishop Guðmundr is gimsteinn lærðra manna ‘jewel of learned men’ in Árni Gd 69/4^IV.

steinn ‘’

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steinn (noun m.; °steins; steinar): stone, colour < gimsteinn (noun m.): jewel

[8] gimsteinn: ‘gimsteirn’ 41 8°ˣ, 705ˣ, 4892

notes

[8] gimsteinn vífa ‘jewel of women’: The same kenning-like phrase is used for Mary in Mgr 39/4. Cf. gimsteinn brúða ‘jewel of women’ in 89/4 and gimstein sprunda ‘jewel of women’ in Árni Gd 10/6^IV, as well as the later Icel. poem Gimsteinn (ÍM I.2, 285-332). In Lat. hymns Mary is commonly referred to as gemma ‘gem’, eg. gemma puellarum ‘gem of maidens’ (AH 30, 129) and gemma virginum ‘gem of virgins’ (AH 32, 88, 236; 40, 95). Mary Magdalene is called gimstein brúða ‘jewel of women’ in Anon Mey 11/8, and Bishop Guðmundr is gimsteinn lærðra manna ‘jewel of learned men’ in Árni Gd 69/4^IV.

vífa ‘of women’

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víf (noun n.): woman, wife

notes

[8] gimsteinn vífa ‘jewel of women’: The same kenning-like phrase is used for Mary in Mgr 39/4. Cf. gimsteinn brúða ‘jewel of women’ in 89/4 and gimstein sprunda ‘jewel of women’ in Árni Gd 10/6^IV, as well as the later Icel. poem Gimsteinn (ÍM I.2, 285-332). In Lat. hymns Mary is commonly referred to as gemma ‘gem’, eg. gemma puellarum ‘gem of maidens’ (AH 30, 129) and gemma virginum ‘gem of virgins’ (AH 32, 88, 236; 40, 95). Mary Magdalene is called gimstein brúða ‘jewel of women’ in Anon Mey 11/8, and Bishop Guðmundr is gimsteinn lærðra manna ‘jewel of learned men’ in Árni Gd 69/4^IV.